g]k fnsf blntx? / gofF ;+l jwfg
g]k fnsf blntx? / gofF ;+l jwfg
g]k fnsf blntx? / gofF ;+l jwfg
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]2 g]k<strong>fnsf</strong> <strong>blntx</strong>Ÿ/ <strong>gofF</strong> ;<strong>+l</strong><strong>jwfg</strong>pgLx¿n] cg'ej u/]sf 5g\Ù pgLx¿n] ef]lu/x]sf sltkosl7gfO tyf g]kfnL ;dfhdf pgLx¿n] kfO/x]sf] x}l;otcGo ;d'bfosf] t'ngfdf uDeL/ 5 / jf:tjd} of] cj:yfpgLx¿sf nflu ljlzi6 5 .o; ;Íngdf ;d]l6Psf sltko ;fdu|L blntsf] ef}ltscj:yf;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ t/ k|fylds ;|f]tsf ¿kdf<strong>blntx</strong>¿sf ;fy} cflbjf;L hghfltx¿;DaGwL cu|kª\lQmsflj1 k|fWofks s[i0f e§rgsf] n]v /x]sf] 5 . pxfFn] <strong>blntx</strong>¿sf]cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf /fhg}lts cj:yfaf/] lj:t[t ljj/0fk|:t't ug' {ePsf] 5 eg] wd{, /fHo / ;dfhdf <strong>blntx</strong>¿lj?4eO/x]sf lje]b tyf alxis/0fsf] h/f;Dd} pxfF k'Ug'ePsf]5 . <strong>blntx</strong>¿sf] ;ª\Vof slt 5 eGg] s'/f eg] ljjfbf:kb5 – ;/sf/L tYofÍn] !# k|ltzt eG5 eg] <strong>blntx</strong>¿sfcg';f/ of] ;ª\Vof @) k|ltzteGbf a9L 5 . dflg;x¿n] ug{klxrfgsf] tl/sfsf sf/0f jf hgu0fgfsf nflu ckgfOPsf]ljlwsf sf/0f of] leGgtf cfPsf] x'g;S5 . hghfltx¿sf]h:t} blnt ;d'bfosf] klg :ki6 kl/efiff 5}g . o;n] ubf{ klgpgLx¿nfO{ ljz]if sfg'gL x}l;ot lbgdf sl7gfO eO/x]sf]5 . ;fdfGotof cGo ;d"xåf/f Pp6} k|sf/sf] ;d"xsf ¿kdfx]l/g] blnt ;d"xleq ljBdfg ;fdflhs ljljwtfnfO{ e§rgn]cf}FNofpg'ePsf] 5 . pgLx¿leq txut ¿kdf juL{s[tsDtLdf @@ j6f hflt 5g\ . s]xL hflt /fi6«el/ g} km}lnPsf5g\ eg] s]xL :yfgLo ¿kdf ;Lldt 5g\ -cg'';"rL ! dfd'Vo hft / pk–hftx¿ tyf pgLx¿sf d'Vo k]zf pNn]vul/Psf] 5_ . s]xL blnt ;d'bfo, ljz]if u/L dw]zdf /x]sfblnt ;d'bfo ljz]if ¿kdf ;'ljwfaf6 jl~rt 5g\ . To;dfklg blnt x'g'sf sf/0f k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf dlxnf a9L kLl8t5g\ .3/, dlGb/, xf]6n, /]i6'/]G6, vfB sf/vfgf, b"w pTkfbg:yn, kfgLsf] d"xfg:yndf k|j]z glbg] tyf /f]huf/L -anft\>d;lxt_, ef]h, rf8kj{, hGtL tyf dnfdLdf ul/g] lje]bh:tf <strong>blntx</strong>¿n] b}lgs ¿kdf ;fdgf ug' { kl//x]sf ljleGglsl;dsf lje]b tyf ckdfgx¿af/] e§rgn] lj:t[t ljj/0fpNn]v ug'{ePsf] 5 . ! pgLx¿nfO{ af/Daf/ ckdfg tyfefjgfTds Pj+ zf/Ll/s b'Jo{jxf/sf] lzsf/ agfOG5 .blnt dlxnfx¿sf s]xL ;d:of <strong>blntx</strong>¿sf] cfˆg} ;fdflhs;+/rgfleq h/f uf8]/ a;]sf x'gfn] pgLx¿n] emg\ a9Lsl7gfO ef]lu/x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿ 3/]n' lx+;f tyf j]Zofnodf;+nUg u/fpg] p2]Zon] ul/g] a]rlavgsf] lzsf/ ;lhn}x'G5g\ . pgLx¿sf hLjgnfO{ c?sf t'ngfdf sd dxTjlbOG5 -sf]zL af9Lsf qmddf ef/tdf ul/Psf] p4f/ sfo{df of]s'/f b]lvPsf] lyof], <strong>blntx</strong>¿nfO{ ;a}eGbf kl5 p4f/ ul/Psf]lyof] / To;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k s}of}Fn] Hofg u'dfpg'k/]sf]lyof]_ . o;}u/L pxfFn] lje]bsf :j¿kx¿nfO{ bdg, alxis/0f,ckdfg, lx+;f;Fu hf]8\g'ePsf] 5 .ljjfb/lxt tYofÍx¿n] bzf{P cg';f/ ;d'bfosf] l:ylt /;DkGgtf lgwf{/0f ug{ ] s'/fx¿ -;fIf/tf, lzIff, ul/aL, cfo,:jf:Yo tyf ck]lIft cfo', k]zf, /fHo tyf ;dfhsf] zlQms]Gb|df k|ltlglwTj / ;/sf/L dfldnfdf ;xeflutf_ sf;Gbe{df <strong>blntx</strong>¿ tNnf] txdf 5g\ . s]xL ;do cl3;Dd klgg dlGqd08n jf Gofofnodf sf]xL blnt lyP g t ;+j}wflgslgsfox¿ tyf cfof]ud} -/ Joj:yflksfdf klg lgs} gu0ok|ltlglwTj lyof]_, o;sf cltl/Qm lghfdtL ;]jfsf] s'g} klgjl/i7 kbdf klg blntsf] pkl:ylt 5}g . o;}u/L <strong>blntx</strong>¿cy{tGqaf6 alxis[t 5g\, Go"g kfl/>ldso'Qm sfd, anft\>ddf ;Lldt 5g\ / s[lifdf ;+nUg eP klg e"ldxLg 5g\ .k|ljlwdf kl/jt{g tyf 7"nf kl/df0fdf pTkfbg x'g yfNgfn]pgLx¿sf k/Dk/fut k]zf;d]t ;Í6df kg{ yfn]sf 5g\-pbfx/0fsf nflu 5fnfsf ;fdu|L agfpg] sfd jf n'uf l;pg]k]zfnfO{ lng ;lsG5_ .oL lglZrt sl7gfO afx]s, blntlj?4sf Jofks lje]b -lzIff,/f]huf/L / k|ltlglwTjdf kx' Fr cflb If]qdf_ sf sf/0f pgLx¿ul/aLaf6 u|:t 5g\ . g]k<strong>fnsf</strong> <strong>blntx</strong>¿aLr ul/aL c;fdfGos'/f geP klg pgLx¿ o;af6 ;a}eGbf a9L kLl8t eO/x]sf5g\ . ul/aL eg]sf] cfosf] cefj dfq} xf]Og . ul/aL eg]sf]zf/Ll/s tyf cfly{s c;'/Iff, eljio;DaGwL qf;, sdhf]/x'g'sf] lgoldt cg'e"lt klg xf] . of] eg]sf] Gofof]lrt zf/Ll/scl:tTj lgjf{x ug{ ;xof]u ug{ ] / lrGtg, snfTds l;h{gf,g}lts ljsf; Pj+ g}ltstf;DaGwL JofVofg tyf ;dfhsf]/fhg}lts, ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s hLjgsf nflu ;xof]u/ ltgLx¿df ;xeflutfnufot cfˆgf cfWoflTds tyf;f+:s[lts ;DefJotf xfl;n ug{ JolQmx¿ tyf ;d'bfox¿nfO{;zQm agfpg] l:yltx¿df kx' Frsf ¿kdf kl/eflift ul/Psf]/fd|f] hLjgnfO{ ;xh agfpg] u'0fx¿sf] cefj xf] .of] b[li6sf]0f ufF; af;sf ;fy} sNof0fsf ljleGg kIfnfO{dfq geO{ …lagf ;Íf]r ;fj{hlgs x'g ;Ifd x' Fb} ;d'bfosf]hLjgdf efu lng] h:tf a9L hl6n ;fdflhs pknlAwÚnfO{ k|ltlglwTj ug{] dxTjk"0f{ …lqmofzLntfÚ jf …cl:tTjÚxfl;n ug{] cj;/x¿sf ¿kdf kl/eflift cdTo{ ;]gsf]dfgj …IfdtfÚ;DaGwL cjwf/0ffdf /fd|/L k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . @ul/aL;DaGwL cWoogsf lj1 6fpg;]08 ;d'bfosf] ;DefJotfjl/kl/ s]lGb|t ul/aLsf ljz]iftfnfO{ …;dfhsf] ;b:o ePsf]cfwf/df pgLx¿af6 ck]Iff ul/g] e"ldsf lgjf{x, ;DaGwdf! <strong>blntx</strong>¿n] ef]u]sf kL8f tyf ckdfgx¿sf s]xL k|tLsfTds pbfx/0f cg';"rL @ df k|:t't ul/Psf 5g\ -…g]kfnL blnt hLjgsf s]xL emnsÚ_ .@ Inequality Reexamined -cS;kmf]8{ M Sn]/]G8f]g k| ];, Go"of]s{, !((@_, k[i7 !!) .