International-Business-Dr-R-Chandran-E-book

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28 International Business- Dr. R. Chandran Mode of Operation and Benefits to International Companies HOME COUNTRY (SENDER) EXPORTS EXPORT PROCEEDS JOINT VENTURE PROFIT SHARE/DIVIDEND ACQUISITION/TAKE OVER PROFIT REPATRIATION LICENSING/FRANCHISING LICENSE FEE/FRANCHISE FEE TURNKEY PROJECT PACKAGE DEAL FDI RETURN ON INVESTMENT HOST COUNTRY (RECEIVER) Only for Private Circulation
13. COUNTER TRADE 29 International Business- Dr. R. Chandran In all the above operations, foreign exchange is necessary for transactions. For exports, the supplier gets the proceeds in foreign exchange. For joint ventures, profits are shared in foreign exchange. For international licensing, the license fee is paid in foreign exchange. The current challenge to many international business organizations is to get payments in foreign currency. A vast majority of the countries in the world do not have the necessary reserves of foreign exchange to remit. However they can still be actively involved in international business, by using COUNTER TRADE mechanism. Counter trade came in to existence in the absence of foreign exchange reserves in a country. Sometimes the country is not willing to pay, though foreign exchange reserves are with it. Such unwillingness will lead to non-repatriation of payment. Ultimate solution is to enter in to counter trade practices. Counter trade can be classified in to three categories: 1. Pure Barter 2. Buy Back 3. Counter Purchase Counter Trade Pure Barter Buy Back Counter Purchase Product to product exchange Buy from the host partner in setting up unit Change of destinations till finding FOREX Only for Private Circulation
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Page 3 and 4: COMPANY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN REFORM PR
Page 9 and 10: 4. Diplomatic relations 9 Internati
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Page 13 and 14: 10. Legal aspects 11. Investment an
Page 19 and 20: LICENSOR LICENSEE PROVIDE THE RIGHT
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Page 25 and 26: 10. MERGERS AND ACQISITIONS 25 Inte
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(ACUs). These are operational units
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6. Essentials of Trade Finance 81 I
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RATES TT Selling Rate Exchange Marg
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) Constant motivation of subsidiari
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2. Organizations with an Internatio
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3.3 Organization according to Geogr
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Joint Venture with an Indian Partne
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Stage:6 “Global mindset, customer
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The Decision Making Process 155 Int
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Environmental Issues 159 Internatio
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AGREEMENTS OBJECTIVE OF AGREEMENT b
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AGREEMENTS OBJECTIVE OF AGREEMENT 1
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AGREEMENTS OBJECTIVE OF AGREEMENT f
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Tariff Barriers 191 International B
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D) On the basis of trade relations
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Types of non-tariff barriers 195 In
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World Bank 199 International Busine
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• Macroeconomic & Economic Growth
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• Local Currency Financing • Mu
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INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND 205 Int
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ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK 207 Internat
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Mode of transport Type of delivery
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How many intermediaries are require
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20’ dry high cube 20’ refrigera
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Factor Conditions PURCHASING POWER
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R= 44 ×100 = Rs. 40 110 243 Intern
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3. Freedom loving and self-reliant.
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Japan 257 International Business- D
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Three sources of employees for inte
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Strategy of the organization Need f
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