International-Business-Dr-R-Chandran-E-book

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Introduction Country of origin: Innovation. Growth Exports and Overseas Production Expansion Limitations of Product Life Cycle Maturity Production in Developing Countries: Cost cutting 248 International Business- Dr. R. Chandran Declining Import from LCDs; For survival The theory is having application in few specific sectors such as entertainment, electronics and certain medicinal items. The movement of production centres from different stages may not be applicable in the following circumstances; Only for Private Circulation
249 International Business- Dr. R. Chandran 1. A vast majority of the products are having very short life cycle such as computers, tape recorder, musical discs and fashion items. Shifting production from one country to another country may not achieve cost reduction. The very nature of product itself is subject to obsolescence. 2. Cost involved in perfumes, cosmetics and other essential oils which fail under luxury category do not make any impact on the customer because brand is important to them. 3. Wherever costs of logistics are high the export is minimal at any stage. At the same time, few countries are producing certain essential bulk cargo. Irrespective of life cycle stages, they export all the time. Articles like bitumen from Iran, sulphur from Jordan and coal from China. They cannot shift production facilities to other countries. 4. Many MNCs are using aggressive marketing promotion such as advertising, personal selling and sales promotion. Any other competition will not be a great concern for such products. 5. Few products are very much associated with outstanding services and specialized knowledge. More than product life cycle stages, customers need assured technical support. Lifts and escalators will be accepted by customers provided service is given top priority. Same concept is applicable to life saving medical equipments produced in Germany. Irrespective of the types of products the companies are all the time introducing new products simultaneously, both in the domestic and international markets. It is obvious that in the globalization era, companies develop different products to different segments and different prices. They cannot wait for an opportunity to start in the domestic market first and going to other markets later on. Multi domestic operations are very common among MNCs. Innovations are carried out to launch products in many countries at a time especially health care items and industrial consumables. Hence, product life cycle theory has very limited applications in the current globalised era. Only for Private Circulation
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COMPANY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN REFORM PR
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4. Diplomatic relations 9 Internati
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11 International Business- Dr. R. C
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10. Legal aspects 11. Investment an
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LICENSOR LICENSEE PROVIDE THE RIGHT
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Supply International Business- Dr.
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10. MERGERS AND ACQISITIONS 25 Inte
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12. TURNKEY PROJECTS 27 Internation
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13. COUNTER TRADE 29 International
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a) Home country Economy 35 Internat
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SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT 39 International
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1. POLITICAL RISKS 2. ECONOMIC RISK
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FDI Policy Initiatives 61 Internati
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Bahrain international Business Cent
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(ACUs). These are operational units
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6. Essentials of Trade Finance 81 I
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RATES TT Selling Rate Exchange Marg
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) Constant motivation of subsidiari
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2. Organizations with an Internatio
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3.3 Organization according to Geogr
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Joint Venture with an Indian Partne
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Stage:6 “Global mindset, customer
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The Decision Making Process 155 Int
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Environmental Issues 159 Internatio
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AGREEMENTS OBJECTIVE OF AGREEMENT b
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AGREEMENTS OBJECTIVE OF AGREEMENT 1
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AGREEMENTS OBJECTIVE OF AGREEMENT f
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Tariff Barriers 191 International B
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D) On the basis of trade relations
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Types of non-tariff barriers 195 In
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Page 199 and 200: World Bank 199 International Busine
Page 201 and 202: • Macroeconomic & Economic Growth
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Page 205 and 206: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND 205 Int
Page 207 and 208: ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK 207 Internat
Page 213 and 214: Mode of transport Type of delivery
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Page 241 and 242: Factor Conditions PURCHASING POWER
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