International-Business-Dr-R-Chandran-E-book

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220 International Business- Dr. R. Chandran national and international transport modes, whether rail, sea, road or air. Containers facilitate what is known as the ‘intermodel’ system of freight transport enabling the smooth movement of goods in bulk, from one transport mode to another. The main attributes of containers and containerization are as follows: • They enable a number of small packages to be consolidated into large single unit loads. • There is a reduction in the handling of goods as they are distributed from the point of origin to the point of destination. • There is a reduction in individual packaging requirements, depending on the load within the container. • There is a reduction in damage to products caused by other cargo. • Insurance charges are lower due to the damage potential is reduced. • Handling costs at the docks and other modal interfaces are reduced. • Turnaround time is faster for all types of transport used. Port utilization also improves. • The all round delivery time is faster and hence service levels are better. • Documentation is much simpler – this applies to both company and custom documentation. • The concept of ‘through transit’ become feasible and allows a truly integrated transport system to be developed. • The systems that were developed in the early days of containerisation, have been integrated across the different modes. This has considerably improved transportation in recent years. • There is a need for special facilities and handling equipment, which are expensive. Thus, only a limited number of transfer points are feasible. • The initial cost of the containers is quite high. • Trade is seldom evenly balanced. Very often return loads may not be available and so the cost increases. • Containers may leak, thereby causing damage due to rain or sea water. • Loads may be affected by the position in which they are stowed, e.g., above or below deck. Sea freight container details Container Type 20’ day Outside Dimensions 6.045m 2.438m 2.438m Only for Private Circulation
20’ dry high cube 20’ refrigerated 20’ open top 20’ flat rack 20’ open side/top 40’ dry 40’ dry high cue 40’reefer 40’ reefer high cube 40’ open top 45’ dry high cube Storage System 221 International Business- Dr. R. Chandran 6.045m 2.438m 2.591m 6.045m 2.438m 2.438m 6.045m 2.438m 2.438m 6.045m 2.438m 2.438m 6.045m 2.438m 2.438m 12.192m 2.438m 2.591m 12.192m 2.438m 2.896m 12.192m 2.438m 2.743m 12.192m 2.438m 2.743m 12.192m 2.438m 2.438m 13.716m 2.436m 2.896m Ways to classifying storage systems are given below: • Bulk storage for solids such as silos, bunkers and stockpiles. • Loose items storage, e.g. casting and fabrications held loose on the floor. Only for Private Circulation
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COMPANY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN REFORM PR
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4. Diplomatic relations 9 Internati
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10. Legal aspects 11. Investment an
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LICENSOR LICENSEE PROVIDE THE RIGHT
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Supply International Business- Dr.
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10. MERGERS AND ACQISITIONS 25 Inte
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12. TURNKEY PROJECTS 27 Internation
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13. COUNTER TRADE 29 International
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a) Home country Economy 35 Internat
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SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT 39 International
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1. POLITICAL RISKS 2. ECONOMIC RISK
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FDI Policy Initiatives 61 Internati
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Bahrain international Business Cent
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(ACUs). These are operational units
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6. Essentials of Trade Finance 81 I
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RATES TT Selling Rate Exchange Marg
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) Constant motivation of subsidiari
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2. Organizations with an Internatio
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3.3 Organization according to Geogr
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Joint Venture with an Indian Partne
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Stage:6 “Global mindset, customer
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The Decision Making Process 155 Int
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Environmental Issues 159 Internatio
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AGREEMENTS OBJECTIVE OF AGREEMENT b
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AGREEMENTS OBJECTIVE OF AGREEMENT 1
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Page 169 and 170: AGREEMENTS OBJECTIVE OF AGREEMENT 1
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Page 191 and 192: Tariff Barriers 191 International B
Page 193 and 194: D) On the basis of trade relations
Page 195 and 196: Types of non-tariff barriers 195 In
Page 199 and 200: World Bank 199 International Busine
Page 201 and 202: • Macroeconomic & Economic Growth
Page 203 and 204: • Local Currency Financing • Mu
Page 205 and 206: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND 205 Int
Page 207 and 208: ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK 207 Internat
Page 213 and 214: Mode of transport Type of delivery
Page 215 and 216: How many intermediaries are require
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Page 241 and 242: Factor Conditions PURCHASING POWER
Page 243 and 244: R= 44 ×100 = Rs. 40 110 243 Intern
Page 255 and 256: 3. Freedom loving and self-reliant.
Page 257 and 258: Japan 257 International Business- D
Page 265 and 266: Three sources of employees for inte
Page 267 and 268: Strategy of the organization Need f
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