International-Business-Dr-R-Chandran-E-book

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202 International Business- Dr. R. Chandran IFC invests in enterprises majority-owned by the private sector throughout most developing countries in the world. Developing regions include: • Sub-Saharan Africa • East Asia & the Pacific • South Asia • Europe & Central Asia • Latin America & the Caribbean • Middle East & North Africa The International Finance Corporation has 179 member countries. To join IFC, a country must: • Be a member of the World Bank (IBRD); • Have signed IFC's Articles of Agreement; and • Have deposited with the World Bank Group's Corporate Secretariat an Instrument of Acceptance of IFC's Articles of Agreement. Products and Services of IFC IFC is a dynamic organization, constantly adjusting to the evolving needs of our clients in emerging markets. We are no longer defined predominantly by our role in providing project finance to companies in developing countries. We have also: • Developed innovative financial products; • Broadened our capacity to provide advisory services; and • Deepened our corporate governance, environmental and social expertise. Financial Products • Loans for IFC's Account • Syndicated Loans • Equity Finance • Quasi-Equity Finance • Equity & Debt Funds • Structured Finance • Intermediary Services • Risk Management Products Only for Private Circulation
• Local Currency Financing • Municipal Finance • Trade Finance IDA 203 International Business- Dr. R. Chandran The International Development Asso- ciation (IDA) is the part of the World Bank that helps the world’s poorest countries. Established in 1960, IDA aims to reduce poverty by providing interest-free loans and grants for programs that boost economic growth, reduce inequalities and improve people’s living conditions. IDA complements the World Bank’s other lending arm—the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)—which serves middleincome countries with capital investment and advisory services. IBRD and IDA share the same staff and headquarters and evaluate projects with the same rigorous standards. IDA is one of the largest sources of assistance for the world’s 80 poorest countries, 39 of which are in Africa. It is the single largest source of donor funds for basic social services in the poorest countries. IDA lends money (known as credits) on concessional terms. This means that IDA credits have no interest charge and repayments are stretched over 35 to 40 years, including a 10-year grace period. Eligibility for IDA support depends first and foremost on a country’s relative poverty, defined as GNI per capita below an established threshold and updated annually (in fiscal year 2007: US$1,025). Some countries, such as India, Indonesia and Pakistan, are IDA-eligible based on per capita income levels, but are also creditworthy for some IBRD borrowing. They are referred to as “blend” countries. Eighty-two countries are currently eligible to borrow from IDA. Together, these countries are home to 2.5 billion people, half of the total population of the developing world. An estimated 1.5 billion people there survive on incomes of US$2 or less a day. Only for Private Circulation
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COMPANY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN REFORM PR
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4. Diplomatic relations 9 Internati
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10. Legal aspects 11. Investment an
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LICENSOR LICENSEE PROVIDE THE RIGHT
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Supply International Business- Dr.
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10. MERGERS AND ACQISITIONS 25 Inte
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12. TURNKEY PROJECTS 27 Internation
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13. COUNTER TRADE 29 International
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a) Home country Economy 35 Internat
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SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT 39 International
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1. POLITICAL RISKS 2. ECONOMIC RISK
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FDI Policy Initiatives 61 Internati
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Bahrain international Business Cent
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(ACUs). These are operational units
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6. Essentials of Trade Finance 81 I
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RATES TT Selling Rate Exchange Marg
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) Constant motivation of subsidiari
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2. Organizations with an Internatio
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3.3 Organization according to Geogr
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Joint Venture with an Indian Partne
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Page 151 and 152: Stage:6 “Global mindset, customer
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Page 155 and 156: The Decision Making Process 155 Int
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Page 161 and 162: AGREEMENTS OBJECTIVE OF AGREEMENT b
Page 163 and 164: AGREEMENTS OBJECTIVE OF AGREEMENT 1
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Page 191 and 192: Tariff Barriers 191 International B
Page 193 and 194: D) On the basis of trade relations
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Page 199 and 200: World Bank 199 International Busine
Page 201: • Macroeconomic & Economic Growth
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Page 207 and 208: ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK 207 Internat
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Page 241 and 242: Factor Conditions PURCHASING POWER
Page 243 and 244: R= 44 ×100 = Rs. 40 110 243 Intern
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3. Freedom loving and self-reliant.
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Japan 257 International Business- D
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Three sources of employees for inte
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Strategy of the organization Need f
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