International-Business-Dr-R-Chandran-E-book

More documents

Recommendations

Info

186 International Business- Dr. R. Chandran action for ‘Passing Off or Unfair Competition’, against other parties who are attempting to misrepresent themselves by using a similar trademark. Most countries however provide a statutory registration procedure for registration of trademarks and it is always advisable to register a trademark, where possible, since infringement of a registered trademark is a strict liability offence and is not dependent upon proving a reputation or any misrepresentation. Furthermore, in certain circumstances, infringement of a registered trademark can be a criminal offence and is punished accordingly. A registered trademark is obtained by filling an application with the Trade Marks Registry, which is then searched and examined. Once any objections raised are overcome, the mark is advertised in order to allow any interested party to object to the registration should they have grounds to do so. Subject to no objection being raised, the mark is then entered into the Register of trademarks. Once registered, a trademark can usually be kept in force for as long as is required. Subject only to the payment of renewal fees. Copyright Copyright, as its name suggests, is a right to prevent copying of an original artistic, musical, literary or dramatic work. Because copyright is only a right to prevent copying of the original work, there is no absolute legal monopoly and copyright cannot therefore be used to prevent the independent production of an identical or similar work without any reference to the original work. From 1st January 1997, the copyright lasts for a period of 70 Years from the death of the original author of the work. Copyright is given on a national basis in the country in which the original work created but may be enforceable internationally by virtue of the Berne Convention or universal copyright convention. In some countries, copyright can be used to prevent unauthorized application of the original work to a manufactured article and thus similar protection to that given by Unregistered Design right in the United Kingdom is afforded. However, a notable exception to this is the United States of America. Confidentiality and Trade Secrets There are laws that protect confidentiality of information. Companies or individuals may wish to keep commercial or technical information confidential. If this information is made public in breach of that confidence Only for Private Circulation
187 International Business- Dr. R. Chandran then it is possible to bring an action or breach of confidence against the offending party. For example, an employee has an obligation to keep all information, which is given to him or her by the employer, confidential. If confidential information is disclosed to a third party out of choice then the obligation of confidentiality also passes to the third party. It should be ensured that the third party is aware of the fact that they are expected to treat the information as confidential and they agree to do so. In particle terms this agreement should be given in writing in case there is ever any dispute as to what was agreed. There is an exception to the protection of confidential information in circumstances where the dissemination of the information is deemed to be in the public interest. This is allowed, notwithstanding any obligation of confidence. The current decade has witnessed innumerable inventions in India in the field of biotechnology, agro chemicals, telecommunications, pharmaceuticals, electronics, agriculture, food processing and natural herbal medicines. Biocon, Bharat Serum, Ranbaxy, Gharda Chemicals, Cadila, United Phosphorous and Glen Mark afford to employ separate invention team and protect another team with legal expertise. PATENT COOPERATION TREATY The original Patent cooperation Treaty was signed in Washington in 1970 but it has been modified many times since. The convention only came into force on 1st June 1978. This convention provides a mechanism whereby protection can be ultimately obtained in all. Or selected countries that have signed the treaty. This is carried out through a procedure which involves the filling of a single application that is subjected to a single international search and an international preliminary examination. At the end of the international preliminary examination an examination report is produced which sets out an opinion on the patentability of the invention described in the application. After completion of the examination report, the applicant has the option of proceeding with the application, or allowing the application to lapse, if the examination report is dismissive of possibilities for protection. If the applicant wishes to proceed further, the application is split into separate national applications in the countries of interest and may be subjected to a further national search and examination. The national offices function independently and may place as much weight as they wish on the opinion of the international authority, which was set out in the international preliminary examination report. Attitudes vary widely from country to country as to the Only for Private Circulation
Page 1 and 2:
1 International Business- Dr. R. Ch
Page 3 and 4:
COMPANY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN REFORM PR
Page 5 and 6:
Page 7 and 8:
Page 9 and 10:
4. Diplomatic relations 9 Internati
Page 11 and 12:
11 International Business- Dr. R. C
Page 13 and 14:
10. Legal aspects 11. Investment an
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
LICENSOR LICENSEE PROVIDE THE RIGHT
Page 21 and 22:
Supply International Business- Dr.
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
10. MERGERS AND ACQISITIONS 25 Inte
Page 27 and 28:
12. TURNKEY PROJECTS 27 Internation
Page 29 and 30:
13. COUNTER TRADE 29 International
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
a) Home country Economy 35 Internat
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT 39 International
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
1. POLITICAL RISKS 2. ECONOMIC RISK
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
FDI Policy Initiatives 61 Internati
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Bahrain international Business Cent
Page 79 and 80:
(ACUs). These are operational units
Page 81 and 82:
6. Essentials of Trade Finance 81 I
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
RATES TT Selling Rate Exchange Marg
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
101 International Business- Dr. R.
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
) Constant motivation of subsidiari
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
2. Organizations with an Internatio
Page 121 and 122:
3.3 Organization according to Geogr
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136: Joint Venture with an Indian Partne
Page 137 and 138: 137 International Business- Dr. R.
Page 151 and 152: Stage:6 “Global mindset, customer
Page 155 and 156: The Decision Making Process 155 Int
Page 159 and 160: Environmental Issues 159 Internatio
Page 161 and 162: AGREEMENTS OBJECTIVE OF AGREEMENT b
Page 163 and 164: AGREEMENTS OBJECTIVE OF AGREEMENT 1
Page 177 and 178: AGREEMENTS OBJECTIVE OF AGREEMENT f
Page 185: 185 International Business- Dr. R.
Page 191 and 192: Tariff Barriers 191 International B
Page 193 and 194: D) On the basis of trade relations
Page 195 and 196: Types of non-tariff barriers 195 In
Page 199 and 200: World Bank 199 International Busine
Page 201 and 202: • Macroeconomic & Economic Growth
Page 203 and 204: • Local Currency Financing • Mu
Page 205 and 206: INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND 205 Int
Page 207 and 208: ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK 207 Internat
Page 213 and 214: Mode of transport Type of delivery
Page 215 and 216: How many intermediaries are require
Page 221 and 222: 20’ dry high cube 20’ refrigera
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Factor Conditions PURCHASING POWER
Page 243 and 244:
R= 44 ×100 = Rs. 40 110 243 Intern
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
3. Freedom loving and self-reliant.
Page 257 and 258:
Japan 257 International Business- D
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Three sources of employees for inte
Page 267 and 268:
Strategy of the organization Need f
Page 269 and 270:
show all

International-Business-Dr-R-Chandran-E-book

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?