International-Business-Dr-R-Chandran-E-book

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HIGH RATE OF RETURN a) High profit motivation. INVESTMENT PROFITS HUGE REVENUE 114 International Business- Dr. R. Chandran b) They do not restrict themselves to their core competency. c) A ‘hire and fire’ policy is very common. d) They set high targets for themselves. e) No social consideration in the country of their operation. EXPANSION AND AGGRESSION f) Growth, expansion, takeovers and aggression are constant endeavours. The investments are high and are made with expectations of high returns, which will be used for aggressive expansion, diversification and takeovers? Only for Private Circulation
115 International Business- Dr. R. Chandran Although multinationals can be classified on the above basis, today the classification is not rigid. Hence, multinationals have become flexible over the past two decades. As the indigenous forces become strong in any developing country, the pure pyramidal model will not work. Organizations, which work under a pure umbrella model cannot generate sufficient revenue to sustain itself and it is also difficult for such organizations to face stiff competition. Organisation, which functions under the inter-conglomerate model, cannot focus only on profit, considerations for social causes and sensitivity towards the host country have to be maintained or else the nationals in the host country pose major challenges and pull down the operations. Classification of Multinationals Depending upon their Origin CLASSIFICATION BASED ON ORIGIN ETHNOCENTRIC REGIO-CENTRIC CONTINENTAL POLYCENTRIC TRANSNATION AL GLOBAL Succeed at home and spread with home influence Understand complete background and focus on a specific region Focus on one continent and strengthen Group the requirement of the whole continent and provide product and services Facilitate accessibility to customers Cross the borders and serve the customers at door steps Only for Private Circulation
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COMPANY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN REFORM PR
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4. Diplomatic relations 9 Internati
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10. Legal aspects 11. Investment an
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LICENSOR LICENSEE PROVIDE THE RIGHT
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Supply International Business- Dr.
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10. MERGERS AND ACQISITIONS 25 Inte
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12. TURNKEY PROJECTS 27 Internation
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13. COUNTER TRADE 29 International
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a) Home country Economy 35 Internat
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SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT 39 International
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1. POLITICAL RISKS 2. ECONOMIC RISK
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FDI Policy Initiatives 61 Internati
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AGREEMENTS OBJECTIVE OF AGREEMENT 1
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AGREEMENTS OBJECTIVE OF AGREEMENT f
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Tariff Barriers 191 International B
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D) On the basis of trade relations
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Types of non-tariff barriers 195 In
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World Bank 199 International Busine
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• Macroeconomic & Economic Growth
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• Local Currency Financing • Mu
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INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND 205 Int
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ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK 207 Internat
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Mode of transport Type of delivery
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How many intermediaries are require
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20’ dry high cube 20’ refrigera
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Factor Conditions PURCHASING POWER
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R= 44 ×100 = Rs. 40 110 243 Intern
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3. Freedom loving and self-reliant.
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Japan 257 International Business- D
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Three sources of employees for inte
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Strategy of the organization Need f
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