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YOSEMITE'S FOI1R(almost Cie)"INSPIRATION POINT

YOSEMITE'S FOUR (ALMOST fIYI)INSPIRATION POINTS"BY HANK JOHNSTONCover: Earlyphotograph ofCarlton Watkinsof "InspirationPoint" (2)In his informative book Yosemite Place Names (Lafayette,CA: Great West Books, 1988), p . 66, author PeterBrowning says there are eighteen places in Californianamed "Inspiration Point," a fact he calls "somewhatdepressing rather than inspiring ." Considering that therehave been four different "Inspiration Points " along therim of Yosemite Valley alone over the years, Peter mightactually be a little low in his total.In recent times, the precise locations and histories ofthese various Yosemite outlooks have unfortunatelybecome largely obscured . This article is my attempt tosort them out. The numbers in parentheses denote thesequence of the names."Inspiration Point" (1), elevation 6,802 feet, providedthe first panoramic view of Yosemite Valley coming westfrom Meadow Brook on the old Indian trail from presentWawona to Yosemite . James M. Hutchings had his initialbreathtaking look at the Valley from this rocky outcroppingon Friday, July 27, 1855, while on his pioneeringtourist visit to Yosemite with three companions and twoIndian guides. Emil Ernst, Yosemite Park Forester andHutchings scholar, wrote about the event in the June,1955, issue of Yosemite Nature Notes: "As the [Hutchings]party descended to the Valley from the rim on the southside they came to Old Inspiration Point. This point is onthe old meadows trail from Wawona and is not theInspiration Point known to the many travelers over theold Wawona Road."Hutchings himself described "Inspiration Point" (1)in Scenes of Wonder and Curiosity in California (New Yorkand San Francisco : A. Roman and Company, 1875), pp.85-86, as follows:Almost before the gratifying fact is realized, you havereached `Inspiration Point, ' and are standing outupon a bold promontory of rock, and with feelings allyour own, are looking over the precipice of nearlythree thousand feet, into the deep abyss. This is thefirst view obtained of Yo-Semite Valley. Mr. SidneyAndrews, in his correspondence to the BostonAdvertiser, thus writes of this glorious scene—Suddenly as I rode along, I heard a shout. I knew thevalley had revealed itself to those who were at thefront of the line. I turned my head away—I couldn ' tlook until I had tied my horse . Then I walked to theledge and crawled out over the overhanging rocks . Ibelieve some men walk out there—it's a dull clod of asoul who can do that. In all my life, let it lead mewhere it may, I think I shall see nothing else so grand,so awful, so sublime, so beautiful—beautiful with abeauty not of this earth—as that Vision of the Valley.It was only yesterday evening—I cannot write of ityet. 'In August, 1856, brothers Andrew, Milton, andHouston Mann, proprietors of a Mariposa Livery stable,completed a forty-mile toll trail from Mormon Bar belowMariposa to Yosemite Valley. The trail essentially followedthe old Indian route used by Hutchings from the SouthFork to the Valley floor. At a place 0 .3 miles southwest of"Inspiration Point" (1), the Manns cleared a 150-yardside trail north through the dense brush to a rocky peninsulafirst called "Mount Beatitude," elevation 6,603 feet.Early photographs taken from this point by Charles Weedand Carlton Watkins show a tall pine tree, which hadbeen stripped of its lower branches by surveyors, standingat the edge of the bluff. The tree has long since fallen.Hutchings wrote of a trip to "Mount Beatitude " from theValley in Scenes of Wonder, pp. 143-44:Up, up we climb, bench after bench, stretch afterstretch, with fine views all the way, until at last, wearrive at the turning off place for `Mount Beatitude . 'Let us now tie the horses, and while they rest, walkout about one hundred and fifty yards to the wonderfulsight . .."`Inspiration Point ' stands out and up at a somewhatgreater altitude, but although the view of thedistant sierras is more comprehensive, that of the valleyis more limited.As time went on, "Mount Beatitude" became generallyknown as "Inspiration Point " (2) because it was easilyaccessible and provided a safer and better overall look atthe Valley than the original "Inspiration Point" (1) . By theend of the nineteenth century, "Mount Beatitude " was nolonger shown on most Yosemite maps. Instead, the locationwas marked as "Inspiration Point " (2), and after1875, "Old Inspiration Point ." The real "Old InspirationPoint" (1), 199 feet higher to the northeast, becamelargely forgotten.When the Wawona stage road was built by theWashburn interests from present Wawona throughChinquapin Flat in 1875, it approached the southsidebluffs at a much lower elevation than the existing Mannbrothers trail . The first full view of the Valley along the newroad was presently named "New Inspiration Point " (3),

C. This is an engraving that appeared inseveral of James Hutchings' books . It wasmade from an original pencil drawingsketched by Thomas Ayres on July 27,1855. Ayres was a young artist hired byHutchings to supply illustrations for proposedmagazine articles about placeswhere the clumsy photographic equipmentof the day could not be easily transported. Ayres was one of Hutchings ' threewhite companions on his pioneering1855 tourist visit to Yosemite Valley. Theangle of the sketch indicates that Ayresdrew it while at a lower elevation thanthe original "Inspiration Point," probablywhen the group was farther down thetrail.D. This Herbert Gaytes photograph of"Inspiration Point"(4) dating fromabout 1900, was taken at a point moregenerally known as "Rainbow View,"about a quarter-mile above the zig-zagturn on the old Big Oak Flat Road . Therailing is still in place as ofthis writing.YOSEMI1E I@'9SOCIATION, FALL 1997 5

ADAM-ABLE IDEA : DAMS IN TAE HIGHCOUNTRYBY JEFFERY G . LAHR"Ranger, when do they turn the waterfalls off? "A classic question . The image of waterfalls regulatedby dams, flumes and locks controlled by huge valvesemerging from the granite cliffs of Yosemite Valley seemsludicrous.Or does it?During the latter part of the last century controllingthe flow of waterfalls was considered a viable option thatwould yield multiple benefits . A well-placed dam mightextend the annual life of Yosemite Falls. Dams would alsohelp regulate water for irrigating California 's growingagricultural industry. The damming of Yosemite Creekand the watershed of other Yosemite waterfalls seemed tobe the sensible solution to several problems . And the ideahad many supporters.CREATION OF A NATIONAL PARKCountless visitors are awe-struck by the wonders ofTuolumne Meadows and the high country. Backpackerstravel from around the world to hike the John Muir Trailtrough the wilderness area of the park . But the originalintent of designating the wilderness area around theYosemite Grant as National Park was not completely aneffort to protect its intrinsic aesthetic value . Many of itsgreatest supporters desired only to protect YosemiteValley's watershed, and therefore, the waterfalls ofYosemite Valley.A quick review of Yosemite 's history reminds us thatYosemite National Park as we know it today evolvedthrough more than seventy five years of boundarychanges. The original Yosemite Grant included onlyYosemite Valley and Mariposa Grove of Giant Sequoiatrees. President Lincoln ceded this land to California as astate preserve in 1864 . Later, in 1890, the watershed areaabove the valley was designated as national park surroundingthe state preserve . It was only in 1906 that thetwo pieces were duly united.Yosemite Falls is one of the most famous features ofthe Yosemite scenery; but at a time when tourists findit most convenient to visit the valley there is no waterfall,only a discolored streak on the face of thecliff. ..Bridal Veil Fall becomes a mere trickling overthe rocks . . .The vast volume of Nevada Fall dwindlesinto an insignificant dribble . ..and when the waterscome to the precipice that makes Vernal Fall there isscarcely as much as would flow from a street hydrant.It was hoped that with the protection of the watershed,the valley 's waterfalls might significantly extend the seasonof their remarkable springtime flow.Before 1890 and its designation as a national park, theland making up the watershed flowing into the YosemiteValley was in jeopardy. Sheepherders used the land forsummer grazing. Many early conservationists were concernedabout the extent of the damage caused by grazingsheep. John Muir referred to the sheep as "hoofed locusts"when arguing for federal protection of the land . AllenNevada Fall in springA WATERSHED SOLUTIONThe creation of Yosemite National Park was the solutionfor maintaining the famous waterfalls of Yosemite Valleyas a summer-long attraction. Many citizens were concernedthat the waterfalls did not maintain their dramaticspringtime flow—when the snow was greatest—throughoutthe summer months . An article in Harper's Weekly(July 16, 1892) promotes this point of view:YOSEMITE ASSOCIATION, FALL 1997

NPS PhotoKelly, Head Forester of California, stated in 1892 thatduring the twenty-five years before its designation as anational park, more than 100,000 sheep had been pasturedupon this public domain. Kelley reported that,"these irresponsible and usually ignorant men have noconcern for anything but feed, and neither know or carewhat damage they do to field and stream ."The destruction of the delicate subalpine ecosystem ofthe high country was considered all the more damagingbecause of its effect on Yosemite Valley 's waterfalls . Withfewer trees in the high country, snowmelt would acceleratein the spring months, shortening the "waterfall season" in Yosemite Valley. Protecting the mountainssurrounding the valley as a national park seemed a naturalsolution.In 1890, the United States Congress adopted this landas Yosemite National Park (to be administered by the federalgovernment's Department of the Interior) . Thewatershed, along with the other natural resources of thearea, received protection from the U .S. Cavalry once theland was designated as national park . Within two years ofprotecting the high country from herds of grazing livestock,the benefits were apparent . The State Board ofForestry reported that "a thick growth of seedlings hadsprung up on the mountain slopes usually kept bare andbarren by the sheep ." Kelley reported in the July 16th 1892issue of Harper's Weekly:In establishing the Yosemite National Park . ..Congresssought to protect the watersheds of the Merced andTuolumne Rivers, and preserve such a flow of waterthroughout the year as would insure an adequatesupply for the falls that add so much charm andattractiveness to the scenery in the valley.With the designation of the high mountain wildernessas national park, the watershed and the waterfalls ofYosemite had been saved . ..or so it seemed.A NEW PERILA happy ending, one might suppose. But no, only a briefrespite before a new and equally perilous assault upon thenewly-designated national park . This time the threat wasfrom those responsible for its protection . Apparently notcontent with allowing the trees, over time, to act as theprotector of the watershed, Head Forester Kelley wentfurther:But while the protection now afforded will preventfurther injury to the forests, it will require many yearsBridalveil Fall late in the seasonto restore them to their original condition; meanwhilelarger trees will die and fall, the winter snows will beexposed to the sun, the water will be wasted in springfloods . . .it is obvious that the natural conservation ofwater supply must be supplanted by artificial storage,and preliminary steps to that end have been taken inCongress.The "preliminary steps " referred to by Forester Kelleyincluded plans to survey the area for potential dam sites.Congressman Caminetti of California worked in 1892 tosecure Congressional backing and a federal appropriationfor a survey of potential reservoir sites in the mountainsabove Yosemite Valley. Possible improvements were suggestedby Kelley in the same issue:Yosemite Falls could be maintained either bydamming the creek or by turning a portion of theTuolumne River into its bed through a flume abouttwenty miles long. A dam 100 yards in length acrossN. a 7

Yosemite Falls in springYosemite Falls in late summerthe mouth of Little Yosemite would store plenty ofwater for Nevada and Vernal Falls, and a supply forBridal Veil Fall could be secured by making a reservoirof the meadows along the creek . ..A dam 1400 feetlong at Lake Tenaya, eight miles distant and muchhigher in the mountains, would not only keep MirrorLake full but would store a vast amount ofwater. ..that would be as precious as gold to the irrigationdistricts of the plains.Kelley 's dam-able plan was nothing if not ambitious.Poetic justice might have decreed that this scheme to alterthe water courses of Yosemite would come to a drizzleand finally fade away, as do many of the Valley's waterfallsin due course. Instead, proponents of the idea seem tosurface from time to time in unlikely places.THE COMMISSIONERS' RECOMMENDATIONThe 1897–1898 Report of the Yosemite Valley Commissionersincluded the recommendation to construct reservoirswithin the national park boundaries. TheCommissioners ' report listed the benefits of the proposal.We beg to suggest that some cheap construction ofdams at Ostrander and Tanaya [sic] would secure aperennial flow of water through the Yosemite StatePark and into the Merced River. This would maintainthe attractiveness of the valley throughout the season. ..No better point could be selected for the commencementof such a policy. It would beautify theNational Park, maintain the at-tractions of the StatePark and be of use in irrigation as well . ..There arereservoir sites surveyed within the Yosemite NationalPark at other points; it would certainly be a greatadvantage if one of these could be constructed on thewater-shed of Yosemite Creek, so as to maintain thegrandest waterfall, not only in Yosemite Valley, but inthe world.The reservoir sites referred to in the Commissioners 'report were surveyed by the U.S .G.S. earlier that decadeunder the direction of Chief Engineer William H . Hall.In the 1892 Annual Report to the Secretary of theInterior, a summary was given regarding the feasibility ofcreating water storage at seven possible sites along theTuolumne, Merced, and Stanislaus rivers . The reportstated the "it will thus be seen that water storage is essentialon all these streams in order that they may performtheir proper share of irrigation of the great plain of theSan Joaquin Valley."Although the report included proposed sites atTuolumne Meadow, Tenaya Lake and Little YosemiteValley, it concluded that all of these sites were too distant8 YOSEMITE ASSOCIATION, FALL 1997

to make them viable water storage for the San JoaquinValley. Simple economics protected these sites from environmentaldegradation ; it was too inefficient to move thewater that far. Twenty years later, however, the Raker Actwould provide legislation for the flooding of the HetchHetchy Valley as a means of providing water to the city ofSan Francisco.PHILOSOPHY AS POLICYIn 1946, M . Hall McAllister, a past president of the SierraClub, sent a letter to Newton Drury, the Director of theNational Park Service, urging him to consider the idea ifdiverting water from nearby Indian Canyon to a series ofsmall dams along Yosemite Creek. This "trial " proposalwould help ensure that Yosemite Falls would be flowingstrong for the Fourth of July crowds . Mr. McAlliserearnestly concluded his letter with the following appeal,"People spend millions [of dollars] for `water conservation.' Why not a few thousand for `water sentiment ' thatis the glory of a great waterfall? "Director Drury showed wisdom in response toMcAllister's suggestion:Suggestions to accomplish this general objective havebeen considered at various times in the past. Since thefundamental responsibility of the National ParkService, as laid down in the basic Act of Congress in1916, is to preserve the area in as nearly a naturalstate as possible, and to hold them "unimpaired, " wehave conceived it to be our duty to avoid these developmentswhich seek to create or alter natural phenomenaby artificial means. Under this policy ofconserving the natural scenery, we have disapprovedall recommendations to create lakes, divert the flowof streams or otherwise tamper with the scenic assetsof national parks.With this simple application of the Park Service missionstatement, Drury laid to rest any further support ofthe damming of Yosemite Falls . In doing so, he alsohelped delineate the official policy of the National Parksystem as a protector, not just scenery and wildlife, but ofnatural processes, too.The ebb and flow of the seasons is marked in a varietyof ways with each bringing its own trappings to the valley.The tremendous power of the falls is a hallmark ofspring. Artificially sustaining the spring run-off of thefalls late into the summer is as unnatural as seeingautumn leaves in June or snow-covered pines on theFourth of July. It is the cycles—dramatic and unimpaired—whichhave governed Yosemite 's natural wondersfor millennia and have made Yosemite a treasured placein all seasons.JeffLahr, seasonal NPS ranger-naturalist, is a frequentcontributor to this journal. His last article was"Yosemite's Tell-Tale Trees" in the Summer, 1997 issue.Tenaya Lake was once proposed for a dam and resevoir site in order to provide a constant supply of water to some of the Valley 's falls.YOSEMITE 1 :SSOCIATION, FALL 1997 9

MOUNTAIN DREAMERS : VISIONARIESBY ROBERT FROHLICHOFISIERRA NEVADA SKIINGeditor 's Note: The following are excerpts from the newly published Mountain Dreamers: Visionaries of SierraNevada Skiing by Robert Frohlich which, according to Stu Campbell of Ski Magazine, "lovingly chronicles the livesand times of an eclectic band of mountain people who founded and built a skiing tradition that is unparalleledelsewhere in the world." A number of the outstanding skiers spent a part of their long careers in Yosemite, but heare profiles of two who stayed at Badger Pass skiing and teaching, Ieaving rich legacies and fond memories.ble to build a ski lodge 23 miles from Yosemite Valley atMonroe Meadows . With a summit elevation of 8,000 feetand a vertical drop of 800 feet, Badger Pass was welcoming30,000 skiers annually by 1935.The West's first mechanical lift, known as the " Upski,"carried six persons at a time up 280 vertical feet . In 1936it was a extended to Ski-Top, where Badger 's famed Rail,Bishop and Strawberry Creek runs were cleared . In publicizingYosemite, Tresidder claimed that Badger Passslopes were "as good as the most famous runs in the SwissAlps or Austrian Tyrol."Some instructors who were at Badger Pass from thebeginning moved on to pioneer skiing at the West's bestknownski resorts : Sigi Engl went to Sun Valley; HannesSchroll to Sugar Bowl; and Luggi Foeger to DonnerSummit and Lake Tahoe to run the ski schools at SugarBowl and Alpine Meadows.Charley Proctor, Yosemite National ParkYOSEMITE WINTER SPORTSYosemite became a national park in 1890 ; however, itwasn't until Congress created the National Park Servicein 1916 that supervised winter activities took place withinthe park.Yosemite Park & Curry Company, park concessionaire,established the Yosemite Winter Club in 1928 "toencourage the development of all forms of winter sports "Horace Albright, the club's first director, and DonTresidder, president of the Curry Company, hired Ernestdes Baillets, famous French-Swiss snow sports expert todirect the development of winter sports in the park . Theycreated a small ski hill and ski jump near Tenaya CreekBridge and organized a ski school under Jules Frisch . Heand Gordon Hooley (future general manager of SugarBowl), Wolf Greeven and Swiss skier-skater Ralph dePfyffer led ski tours with instruction to such destinationsas Mount Watkins, Snow Flat and Tenaya Lake.The opening of Wawona Road and Tunnel in 1934 andGlacier Point Road to Badger Pass in 1935 made it possi-CHARLEY PROCTORCharley Proctor arrived with his young family inYosemite Valley in 1938, far from New England where hewas raised and educted . Son of a physics professor at"When Charley left Yosemite, hewas almost seventy, and he was stillabout the prettiest skier on the slope.He had such style and grace . It didn'tlook like it took any effort at all ."Anne Hendrickson, president of theFar West Ski Association.Dartmouth College who had set the first ski slalomcourse in North America, Proctor was a well-educatedand accomplished skier.Assured and graceful on the snow, Charley Proctorhad challenged slopes considered unskiable by most . HeI) YOSEMITE ASSOCIATION, FALL 1997

Yosemite's Upski, the West's first mechanical lift, nicknamed the "Queen Mary," took skiers to the famed Rail Creek, Bishop andStrawberry Creek runs in 1936.was the first to shuss Tuckerman 's Ravine, a 1000-footdrop down a fifty-five degree slope on New Hampshire ' s6,288-foot Mount Washington.As an intercollegiate jumping champion at Dartmouth,he had captained the ski team in 1927and 1928.He pitted his skills against the world 's best as a memberof the U .S. Olympic Team in the 1928 Saint MoritzWinter Games, competing in ski jumping and crosscountry. That same year he was the first American to racein the inaugural Arlber-Kandahar in St. Anton, Austria.Proctor laid out ski trails at Pico Peak in Vermont andPinkam Notch in New Hampshire and directed thedesign of ski trails for the U .S. Forest Service in otherEastern states . From 1935 to 1937 he coached the Harvardski team and wrote two books on skiing.Don Tresidder, president of Yosemite Park & CurryCompany, met the quiet, young man who was on a businesstrip to California . They agreed to ski together atBadger Pass, after which Tresidder invited Proctor tomove to the West to become the director of Yosemite 'swinter sports program.Although the ski industry was still in its infancy,Badger Pass, with the addition of its first lift, was becomingpopular with the social elite, which was no problemfor the Dartmouth grad, who was seldom seen withouthis trademark cap . "We liked Yosemite and the peopleliked us," he recalled in his journal . "They wanted us tostay, and the company gave me a job as assistant supervisorof all stores and gift shops . We drove back east andsold our house ."He was considered America 's foremost authority onskiing in 1940, examining the skills of the best instructorsin the country who were being certified . " His focus wasthe development of the sport, " remembers his daughter,Peggy Dean, who was born in Yosemite . "And skiing itselfremained his passion. He did a lot of exploring throughoutthe park, in Tuolumne and on Mount Hoffman "He worked closely with the Tresidders in improvingthe runs and exploring the area for the site of the soon tobe constructed Ostrander Hut . Proctor's passion andimmense joy for skiing can be discovered in a passage hewrote about touring near Ostrander Lake with MaryTresidder . "She loved the mountains and enjoyed beingin them. Her skiing was a means to this end, not an endin itself as it is to many. When we found a beautiful longslope of perfect spring snow or light powder, she wouldski it with obvious pleasure and was enthusiastic, butalways seemed to express her feelings in a quiet way ."It was a comfortable place to live and work for CharleyProctor and his family. "The guests who came to Yosemiteto ski were, in a way, comparable to the skiers we had leftback East," he wrote . "They were the socially prominentleaders in the business world: back East from Boston, andhere, from San Francisco ; back East, Harvard students,and in Yosemite, Stanford and Cal graduates ."He became the first secretary for the California SkiAssociation and its vice president when the organizationwas renamed the Far West Ski Association . In 1958 he wasappointed as a member of the Squaw Valley Olympic SkiAdvisory Committee and elected a member of the U .S.National Ski Hall of Fame.YOSEMITE ASSOCIATION, FALL 1997 11

"The ski industry has changed, the competition has changed, but theone thing that hasn't changed is the thrill of getting someone to make their first run.I don't think that thrill will ever diminish ."NIC FIORENic Fiore first arrived in Yosemite Valley in December1948 . "For myself it was a culture shock. I didn't speak thelanguage too well. I said, `What 's going to happen? ' Ialmost chickened out."Luggi hadn 't been able to pick us up at the train stationin Merced until 7:30 in the evening. I was studyingthe palm trees. That was the first time I 'd seen palm trees.I say, `Gee, boys, I wonder where we 're going .' We waitedand finally he arrives ."It began snowing hard . The twenty-eight-year-oldFrench Canadian skier and his Canadian friends helpedLuggi Foeger, Badger Pass ski school director, put tirechains on the 1946 Ford sedan in Mariposa . Entering thevalley, huge snow flakes fell past unseen granite walls thatloomed 3,000 feet above."We came in here at night, really tired, went to bed,woke up the next morning . I 'd never see so much snow . Iwas looking around because I didn't have the least idea thatwe need to drive 23 miles to Badger Pass. I was lookingup at Yosemite Falls and I said, "Where in the world dothe beginners ski?" I'd never seen a sky so blue. And thesun. It just hit me like a bolt of lightning to see this place ."His journey from Montreal to Yosemite began whenhe was eight years old . "Somebody gave me a pair of skis.They were huge, 200 centimeters . I went to the mountainsin the Laurentians . You paid twenty-five cents to take thetrain. You saved. Your allowance was ten cents a week . Imean, I come from a family of twelve children . Mymother was widowed when I was six years old . You reallysaved so that you can ski . Once I got on my skis, there wasno holding back . I became totally crazy, insane and committedabout skiing ."A physical education instructor in the Canadian armyduring World War II, Fiore skied every chance he could.After his release from the army in 1946, he passed hisCanadian Ski Instructors Certification and settled at theSaint Adele Lodge in the Laurentians as a ski instructorand summer sports director. There, the amiable instructormet Luggi Foeger, famed Uber-patriarch of skiinstruction.Foeger, always on the lookout for new talent, askedFiore to return with him to Yosemite. "I only came for onewinter because I wanted to go back to college . I had somany big plans, and I didn't speak English, coming fromCanada. I was strictly educated in the French language.When I first arrived, I knew I'd fallen in love withYosemite . I just didn't want to admit it .""The first time I skied at Badger we went down RailCreek. That used to be a national course . It 's about sixmiles and over 2,000 vertical feet . We went down thatpowder, up to here, and I'll tell you, I'd never seen powderlike that. We took a few somersaults. We came backand Luggi said, `AIl of you, you skied like pigs, absolutely12

"A deep strength emerges from being in the mountains . You're in sync with nature, andthat gives you an inner strength . I'm going to pull all stops in the world. I hope that I'llnever be in a rest home. I'm going to keep on going."like pigs! ' He was very serious about skiing . And whenLuggi said something, that was the gospel, the pope ofskiing. So, that night we got together, the guys who comewith me from Canada, Ross Moore, Jim McCConkey. Isaid, `Boys, we better get to work."'Work he did . Under Foeger 's tutelage Fiore earned hiscertification in ski instruction in March 1949 at the oldStrawberry Resort on Highway 50 . "I still remember myexaminers, Luggi Foeger, Hannes Schroll, Otto Steiner,Charley Proctor, Corty Hill, Tommy Tindel and SeppBenedikter."Foeger coached him into becoming an accomplishedskier and preached a commitment to the sport . "For myfirst twenty years of teaching, and I 'm not exaggerating, Iskied seven days a week. I could never get enough. I wasvery serious at it. I was taught that you make a commitment,and, gee, that's what it is . To Luggi there was onlyone way to do it, but perfect . With him we were always atour best, trying to do the very, very best ".Fiore was often asked if he ever thought of moving onto a more glamorous ski area . "Obviously, with the parksystem, Badger could never expand. I always knew the terrainhere could never compete with Sun Valley. How cana small area compete? My answer, I say, `Come toYosemite . We have a ski school which really teaches peopleto ski and focuses on beginner and family . You canhave a really lovely day here : "When Nic Fiore replaced Foeger in 1958, he changedthings . "Luggi taught Arlberg Technique, a lot of wind-upand follow-through with a lot of rotation . You neverspoke of the feet for turning. What I did was start tellingpeople that the turn is initiated from the feet I hadtremendous results. Then I just cut down the amount ofwind-up and follow-through . It was a just a slight windupand delayed rotation . Basically, I tried to keep it simple.No student should be burdened with a lot oftechnical jargon. Let them enjoy themselves, and let themski."A combination of modernized ski equipment, Fiore ' smodified Arlberg system and a simplified approach toteaching skiing created immediate results especially withchildren. Author of an instructional book called So YouWant To Ski? He began one of the first childrens' ski programsin the country. "I had a hard time getting it off theground. A lot of ski teachers didn't want to botheredteaching children, but I pushed it ."Today, the Badger Pass Pubs Program for preschoolersis extremely successful. "People were satisfied and the skiNic Fioreschool grew and grew. As a matter of fact, it ended up wewere giving seven, eight, nine hundred lessons a day . Ididn 't have enough ski teachers " It 's estimated that thespirited Fiore has taught nearly 100,000 people to ski . Inforty-nine years of teaching Fiore didn' t miss a day ofwork until an on-hill accident at Badger Pass in 1995resulted in a broken ankle.He has been involved more than forty-five years inProfessional Ski Instructors of America and served as anofficer, director and examiner. In 1971 the organizationvoted him as the year's most invaluable ski instructor.The North American Ski Journalists Association presentedFiore with the prestigious Charley Proctor Awardin 1986, and the following year he was nominated to theU .S. National Ski Hall of Fame.His joie de vivre is apparent in his endless storiesabout life in Yosemite. He smiles, hums a song andadmits, "It gets a little harder. The aches and pains won ' tgo away, but, gee, it 's better to die walking, or doing a littlebit of nordic, than in a rocking chair."Mountain Dreamers: Visionaries of Sierra NevadaSkiing by Robert Frohlich with photographs by CarolynCaddes and Tom Lippert, Coldstream Press, 1997 isavailable from the Yosemite bookstore . Hard cover(#05654) : $50.00 or soft cover (#05662) : $29.95. Use theorder form in the catalog section of this journal.YOSEMITE- ASSOCIATION . FALL 1997 13

66871 Two Bear Cubs : A Miwok Legendfrom California's Yosemite Valleyretold by Robert D. San Souci,illustrated by Daniel San Souc1,The Yosemite Association is pleased to announcethe publication of its newest title for younger readers- a delightful retelling of the Southern SierraMiwok legend of El Capitan and how it came tobe. Mother Grizzly Bear thinks that her two playfulcubs are wrestling and having fun along theMerced River in Yosemite Valley while she is checkingher fish traps . When she returns to join hersons, however, she discovers the cubs are nowhereto be found.All the animal people of the village search vainlyfor the missing bears, until Red-tailed Hawkreports he has located them high atop a huge graniterock on the valley's rim. Hoping to rescue thecubs, each of the animals in turn tries to scale thevertical wall, but each fails. The fate of the youngbears rests with tiny Measuring Worm, who is thelast to attempt to climb the hulking rock.In this story about the value of all beings, thenature of courage, and other themes, masterfullyretold by Robert D . San Souci and wonderfully illustrated by Daniel San Souci, readers will discover how the bear cubs are saved,learn the traditional Miwok tale of how a rock grew to become one of Yosemite's most famous landmarks (El Capitan), and cometo realize that being a hero has very little to do with one's size.The authentic legend takes place in the old days, when, the Miwok believe, the residents of Yosemite Valley were "animal people " -creatures that were part animal and part human . The colorful watercolor paintings depict the animal people in traditional Miwokgarb, including buckskin skirts and loincloths, abalone shell and glass bead necklaces, and fur headbands . Notes about the life andculture of the Southern Sierra Miwok are included, along with a bibliography and Internet resources for teachers.Robert D . San Souci is the author of more than sixty children 's books, among them The Talking Eggs, illustrated by Jerry Pinkney,and The Faithful Friend, illustrated by Brian Pinkney. His books have received two Caldecott Honors, three Coretta Scott KingHonors, The Commonwealth Club of California Silver Medal, and awards from the library associations of eight states_His brother, Daniel San Souci, is the award-winning artist of nearly forty children 's books. His many successful titles include NorthCountry Night, Red Wolf Country, and Jigsaw Jackson . Mr. San Souci teaches graduate students at the Academy of Art College in SanFrancisco, where he is also a member of the Advisory Board.36 pages, Yosemite Association, 1997 . Case bound with dust jacket, 514 .95.:MiTr, NAT1~ti~1L PARK1'OtiI07417Yosemite National Park 1998 Calendarwith photography by William Neill.The annual Yosemite calendar has become a real favorite with Y.A. members and visitors to the park.This year 's version upholds the tradition with twelve beautiful color images guaranteed to evoke warmfeelings about the park . Accomplished Yosemite photographer, William Neill, has contributed someof his best work to the calendar, covering park locations from Tioga Pass to the Mariposa Grove.Each month 's calendar page includes important dates and holidays, phases of the moon, thumbnaillayouts of the previous and following months, and an informative description of the accompanyingphotograph. There's no better way to keep Yosemite in your thoughts the whole year than the Yosemite 1998 calendar.The 12 " x 12 " full-color calendar unfolds to 12 " x 24". Browntrout Publishers, 1997 . $10.9514 YOSEMITE ASSOCIATION, FALL 1997

TRADITION AdINNOVATION.,sscrr HISTOKY CHITS IxOlnxs or me ronxsrc .unxo ,..c nun01980 Tradition and Innovation:A Basket History of the Indians ofthe Yosemite-Mono Lake Areaby Craig D. Bates and Martha J. Lee.This beautiful large-format book is anauthoritative study of the history andOA.basketry of the Miwok and Paiutepeople of the greater Yosemite region.It is a work that is the product of yearsof research and study on the part of the authors, who are both employed ascurators in the Yosemite Museum.The text for the book is richly complemented by 363 duotone photographsof historic images, most of them from the Yosemite Museum collection, depictingthe Indian people and their baskets . The result is a deep, thorough, and detailedcoverage of a much-neglected topic if Yosemite history.The volume is elegantly printed and case bound, with a striking dust jacket.It is 252 pages long and 10" x 11 1/4 " in size . Yosemite Association, 1991.Clothbound, $49 .9520560 It Will Live Forever -Traditional Yosemite Indian AcornPreparation (revised edition)by Bev Ortiz, as told by Julia F . Parker,with photographs by Raye Santos.In this intimate book,Yosemite's long-time Indian culturaldemonstrator, Julia Parker, describes howacorns are gathered, dried, stored, cracked,pounded, winnowed, sifted, leached,cooked, and eaten by the YosemiteMiwok/Paiute people. Julia's remarkableIT WILL LIVEFOREVER .DF rskills and knowledge were recorded by her close friend, writer andanthropologist Bev Ortiz. It is a fitting tribute to this extraordinary woman,who, with delicacy, reverence, and consummate skill, carries on theancient traditions of the native people of the Sierra .01230 Legends of theYosemite Miwokcompiled by FrankLaPena, Craig D. Bates,and Steven P. Medley;illustrated by HarryFonseca.This is an updated andrevised collection ofeighteen Native American legends from the Yosemite region . It isgenuine, representative, and entertaining . Featuring characterssuch as Coyote and Falcon, the stories touch on a variety ofthemes central to the Sierra Miwok culture.For this revised edition, the legends have been rewritten toreflect their earliest and most authentic forms whenever possible.Additional stories from historical sources have been included,and the volume contains notes providing the origin of each legend,information about alternate versions and variations, and anannotated bibliography with a list of important original works.It 's indigenous folklore at its best - enchanting and informativeat the same time. Harry Fonseca's color pencil drawings make thisa unique and beautiful book.64 pages, Yosemite Association, 1993 . Paperback, $11 .95The book is extensively illustrated with photographs of each step in theacorn-making process . There 's even a recipe provided for "Julia Parker 's NewWay Acorn" Informative notes and a bibliography round out the volume.148 pages, Heyday Books, 1996. Paperback, $12 .9512050 Pajaro Field BagThis newly developed waist pack features seven pockets for everything you'll need whenyou're hiking or enjoying time in the outdoors . The main pocket is sized toaccommodate field guides, travel books, or binoculars, there are smallerpockets (including one with a zipper) for note pads and maps, andspecialized pockets for pencils, pens, and sunglasses. Best of all, a secretpocket sealed with Velcro keeps keys, credit cards, and othervaluables safe . It's the best such pack we've found . Made in theU.S.A. of durable Cordura in forest green and black by Pajaro.$29 .951)SEH ITL ASSO _',A I ION . .ALL 997

Native American Items from the Yosemite Museum ShopSilver Paiute Eagle Feather JewelryFor centuries, eagle feathers have been an important partof Paiute culture and were used in religious rites and for protection.A person with numerous eagle feathers wasconsidered to be "wealthy ." The sale or barter of actual eaglefeathers is now prohibited by federal regulations, but fortunatelyPaiute artist Michael Rogers reproduces the valuableeagle feather in solid silver as eye-catching pins, bracelets andearrings.300026 Bracelet : 1 1/8 " wide, $165 .0090261 Earrings: 2 1/2" long, $54.0090438 Pin : 3 " long, $51 .00Half Dome PendantPaiute artist Michael Roberts was so struck by the moonlitbeauty of Half Dome that he returned to his home in thehigh desert east of Yosemite and created a replica of theevent in silver and 14k gold . A unique and enduringreminder of moonlight nights in the Valley. Rogers handcraftseach of these pendants especially for the YosemiteMuseum Shop, 300717 24" silver chain, pendant 11/4",$72 .00Bull Pine Nut NecklacesBull pine trees grow in the foothills just west of Yosemite, and the conesyield large, hard-shelled pine nuts . When the nuts are gathered in the fall,the end of each nut is ground off and the nut meat dug out . The resultingbeads are strung along with glass beads of various natural colors into attractivenecklaces. Most of the necklaces we offer are made by Lucy Parker, daughter ofYosemite Indian Cultural Demonstrator Julia Parker and great-granddaughter ofYosemite basket weaver Lucy Telles . The necklaces are fine examples of the use byIndian people of native materials and trade goods to create objects of lasting beauty.90010 Approximately 36 " total length, $18 .0016YOSEMITE ASSOCIATION . FALL 1997

Obsidian ArrowheadEarringsRalph Charlie, a Paiute manwho lives on the WalkerRiver Reservation in Schurz,Nevada, fashions traditionalobsidian arrowpoints intomodern earrings . The arrowpointare made in the traditionalfashion, carefullychipped out by using a deerantler tine as the only tool.Mr. Charlie finds that making arrowpoints into earrings is one waythat people in contemporary times can enjoy objects whose historyis thousands of years old . The earrings use silver wire and include asmall turquoise head along with the obsidian arrowpoi .nt.90404 1 1 /4 — 1 1/2 " long, $15.00 pairDiceTrayandGame SetFor centuriesnave people in centralCalifornia and Nevada have played a game with pitch-filled half walnutshells . The Yokuts people were particularly well known for producing basketrydice trays on which to play the game, since the trays were a popularitem to trade to Miwok people . This one-of-a-kind dice tray was woven bya Chukchansi Yokuts woman using sedge root, split redbud shoots, anddeer grass; her only tools were a deer bone awl and a small knife.Representing hundreds of hours of work, the basket was intended as a trayon which to throw the dice . This dice tray comes with a set of walnut shelldice and counter sticks fashioned by Yosemite Indian Cultural demonstratorJulia Parker. A unique collectable . 300090 21" in diameter, $5850 .00Miwok Charm StonesUsed to insure good luck in hunting and gambling,these stones have been used by native peoplein California for over a thousand years . Thesecharm stones are carefully fashioned from steatiteor serpentine . Most are made on the TuolumneMewuk Rancheria just north of Yosemite . Thecharm stones do not come with a guarantee but should produce good results where luck isneeded. 90747 Length 1 1/2 ", $10 .00Paiute Receiving CradlebasketThe first cradlebasket made for a Paiute child actually cradles thechild, with a wide band protecting its head, the sides of the cradlecurving around the infant 's body. Paiute weaver Juanita Ponton of theWalker River Reservation creates these cradlebaskets of willow sticks,trimmed with leather and a few beads. The cradles are available asmodels (for a collection) or in full size (for use with a newborninfant). The availability of these is limited.300360 Model : approximately 18 " by 8 ", $70 .00300320 Full size : 25 " by 9 ", $150 .00YOSEMITE ASSOCIATION, FALL 1997 17

Mountain-Valley Woman SculptureEast of the Sierra crest, Paiute people of the Owens Valley producedpottery vessels in ancient times . Today, Richard Stewart isone of the few Paiute people to continue this tradition . Besidescreating replicas of ancient pieces, Stewart has developed hisown creation - a sculpture representing the archetypal Paiutewoman wearing a basketry cap . Created from native clay thatStewart digs himself, these creations pay homage to the importanceof the Paiute woman.300034 Height 5 1/2 ", $60 .00Miwok Cocoon RattlesMiwok people used these rattles to chase away bad dreams.They are made of the hatched cocoons of the Californiasilk moth, filled with gravel from ant hills, attached to awooden stick using deer sinew, ornamented with feathers,and painted with red ochre and black bands in Miwokstyle. A unique example of the use of natural materials,each rattle is slightly different.90221 Length 12'; $17 .50Soaproot BrushesLong created by Miwok and Western Mono people, soaproot brunches aremade of the fibers that surround the bulb of the soaproot plant. The bulbitself is cooked for hours, and then forced through a sieve toproduce a thick paste. Layer upon layer of this paste are applied on thebound fiber handle of the brush to produce a durable and beautifulutilitarian object. Originally used to clean baskets, brush the hair, or tosweep acorn flour during the pounding process, today the brushes areoften used as whisk brooms or as a unique example of native culture.90090 Approximately 6" long, $30 .00If you have questions concerning items from the Museum Shop, please phoneYosemite Museum Shop Manager Letty DeLoatch at (209) 372-0295.18YOSEMITE ASSOCIATION . FALL 1997

07516 YosemiteAssociation PatchOur Association logo isembroidered on colorful,sturdy fabric for placement ondaypacks, shirts, blue jeans,jackets, or wherever! Thenewly-designed patchis available in three attractive colors : darkblue, forest green, and maroon . $3 .00(please specify color)NEV.AM~~ a~1~1A1.5 OF 2HE51EMP'aroi ~'^. w+«n qas ..400 Sierra Nevada Field Card SetIllustrated by Elizabeth MoralesThese handy field identification cards depict the most commonly seen birds,mammals, trees, and wildflowers from the Sierra Nevada region. Illustratedwith color drawings and including information about the size, habitat, andother field marks of each, the cards are unbreakable, waterproof vinyl plasticand fit conveniently in one's daypack or glove compartment . Particularlyhelpful for newcomers to the Sierra as regularly observed flora andfauna can be quickly identified . Four plastic cards printed on both sides,Yosemite Association, 1991 and 1995. .$11 .0007800 Yosemite Wilderness PinHere's a beautiful enamel pin commemoratingYosemite 's unparalleled wilderness..a-,It's circular in shape with a high countryscene rendered in blues, grays, and greens.A real treasure for collectors.Approximately 1 inch in diameter. $4 .0007510 Yosemite Association MugThis distinctive and functional heavy ceramicmug feels good with your hand wrapped aroundit. Available in two colors (green and maroon),it 's imprinted with our logo and name in blackand white . Holds 12 ounces of your favoritebeverage. $6 .50 (please specify color)07720 Yosemite Bookstore Book BagConserve resources with YAs handy book bag made from durable100% cotton fabric with a sturdy web handle . Cream-colored, it 's imprintedin blue with the Yosemite Bookstore logo. Fine craftsmanship and generousoversized design make this a bag you 'll want to take everywhere.Approximately 17 x 16 inches . $8.9507505 Yosemite Association Baseball-Style CapOur YA caps are made of corduroy with an adjustable strap atthe back so that one size fits all. The cap is adorned with a YA logopatch, and comes in dark blue, forest green and maroon colors.The cap is stylish and comfortable, and wearing it is agood way to demonstrate your support for Yosemite.$9 .95 (please specify color)Order Form Credit card orders call : (209) 379-2648 Monday—Friday, 8 :30am—4:30pm123456Item# Qty. Color DescriptionPriceEachName:Address:City: State : Zip:Credit Card No :Expires:Signature :Yosemite Association, P .O . Box 230, El Portal, CA 95318Subtotal:Less 15% Member's Discount:SUBTOTAL A:7.25% Sales Tax (CA customers only) :Shipping Charges: $3 .95TOTALENCLOSED:

Volunteer Barbara Cady-A ProfileFor long-time YA volunteer BarbaraCady, Yosemite isn 't just a place she visitsoccasionally, it 's a way of life . In any givenyear, she spends almost as much timehere as she does at home . Teased by YAPresident Steve Medley that the only reasonshe originally came to volunteer inYosemite Valley was because she had noair conditioning at her home in Merced,Barbara says the real reason is that she"just likes doing it ." And it shows. Thisretired teacher's congenial personalitylends itself easily to the various tasksexpected of a YA volunteer in YosemiteValley—staffing the Museum Gallery,operating the visitor center's OrientationSlide Show, and giving out park informationand encouraging membership at theYA booth . Her preferred duty is servingas docent in the Museum Gallery whereshe likes to interact with visitors by conductingher own personal polls to findout which pieces of artwork are theirfavorites.Barbara began volunteering for YAback in the days when it was YNHA(Yosemite Natural History Association).She jokingly claims that the reason thename was changed was because she gottongue twisted pronouncing it . And asthe volunteer with the most experience,she has helped train many new folks overthe years. In fact, when the volunteer seasonbegan last May and the YA staff wasunable to reach the Valley due to the closureof highway 140, Barbara took overthe training of four new volunteers completelyon her own.Since she resides so close to the park,she is often called upon to serve on shortFrom left to right: Ruth Strange, Roger Strange, Marion Eggers, Barbara Cady(behind), Bill Eggers, John McCaffreynotice when a cancellation occurs as wellas to fulfill the time slot she signed up for.It is not unusual to find Barbara workingin Yosemite in May or June and thenreturning for additional weeks in July,August, and September . For the past twoyears she has served as "campsite coordinator,"arranging schedules, welcomingnew volunteers to the campground,assisting seminar participants, and trainingnew recruits, and doing it all with asense of humor. According to Barbara,the YA volunteers are like "extended family."She enjoys keeping in touch with coworkersthroughout the year andreturning to work with them the nextsummer.Unlike many who come to Yosemitefor lively activities such as hiking, backpacking,and mountain climbing,Barbara is content to spend her leisuretime here strolling through the woods,observing the animals, and reading . Lastfall while relaxing in the campground onher day off, Barbara looked up from thebook she was reading to see a mule deerin full antlers approach her chair and liedown on the ground next to her.Knowing how dangerous those antlersand hooves can be, Barbara did the mostreasonable thing she could—calmly wenton with her reading. The buck eventuallygot up and went on his way, leaving anawestruck Barbara to marvel aboutnature 's creatures.Here at YA we marvel over the talentsand hard work of our volunteers. A preliminarytally indicates that this season 's4lvolunteers logged more than 1,000showings of the Orientation Slide Showfor 26,000 visitors, hosted over 64,000people in the Museum Gallery, greetedclose to 7,000 people at Parson 's Lodge,and recruited a grand total of 700 membersat the YA booths bringing in over$22,000 . Barbara Cady was a key player inthese efforts. We extend our heartfeltthanks to Barbara and all our volunteersfor their work on YA's behalf.March 28, 1998:Spring Forum, Yosemite ValleySeptember 12,1.998:23rd Annual Meeting, Wawona209/379-2317If you' re planning a trip to Yosemiteand have questions, give our phone linea call between the hours of 9:00 a .m . and4:30 p .m . Monday through Friday. Wedon 't make reservations, but we can giveappropriate phone numbers and usuallylots of helpful advice.

Regular Members Dale & Pat Edwards, David & Susan Janice J. Jerabek, Betty S . Johnson, KristinaDavid & Jonathan Abernathy-Deppe, Mary Edwards, Jane ElFarra, Delwin E . Eliason, & Richard Johnson, Anne & Dan Jones,C . Thomas & M . Abundis, Majorie L . Tom & Liz Elliott, Richard & Paula Engle, Darmawi Juminaga, Mr. & Mrs . GeorgeAlatorre, Donald & Gerardine Albers, Robyn & Gary Enriquez, Deborah Esrick, Jurisich, Peter L . Jurisich, Ben Justen, CissyElaine Alexander, Janice Alexander, Rita & Fred Estebez, Norma Estes, Carl & Dot Karro, Paul & Kellie Keifer, Steven Keim,Barry Altman, M. J. Anderson, Carlon R . Evans, Marjorie Evans, Anne W. Falltrick, Tom Kendig, Peggy Kennedy, Barry &Andre, Rodney Andres, Susan & Joe Terry Finnegan Family, The Coomler Judith Kessler, Joyce King, Richard King,Anguiano, Mark Arntzen, Beverly Artinian, Family, The Tabacco Family, Norbert & Ryan & Barbara King, Kevin & LauraB . Hemann & K . Baccaro, Emily B . Sandra Farrel, Robert & Betty Fenton, Klassen, Donna Peake Klein, Shari Kleist,Baglione, Janet & Tom Baillie, Richard J . Dennis & Nancy Ferlin, Nancy Ferraro, Marilyn Kochman, Rudolf R . Konegen, JaBall, L . Rollow & Jan Balsiger, Ephraim Cleo & Nancy Fiddler, Mary Field, Robert H. Koo, Sarah Kotchian, Charlotte &Baran, Pamela Barientos, Mayre L . Barry, Finch, A . Ahrendt & Jason Fitzgerald, Jim & Shlomo Kreitzer, Gopal Krishna, Carl A.Lydia Baskin, Nancy & Gary Bausom, Kate Margo Flanagan, Robert Flowers, Tre Ford, Kubichek, Robert Laban, Steve & Lori& Rick Beatty, Larry O. Bedenbaugh, Rolf Carole Forest, Darrell Fort, Dee Frahman, Lama, Norma Landy, Arlene & Don Lane,& Florence Beier, M . Maxine Benkert, Christopher Fralic, Jim & Leah Frampton, Elizabeth Lang, Dorothy & Arthur Lathan,Richard Bennett, Mary Bjorkholm, Jim W. W. Francis, Jr., Jerry & Helen Franklin, C . & C . Lavin, Lyn C. Lederman, Pete Leth,Blade, Kevin & Kimberly Block, Blanche & Mark Frantz, Norman & Cindi Franz, Ron Larry Libbman, Dave Lichtenstein, MaggieIrving Blumenthal, Jo-Neal G . Boic, Anne Fredrickson, D . W. Frey, Virginia & Dennis Lillian, Cathy Liss, Marjorie & JamesN. Bonnet, Eryn Bordes, Ardis Bow, John & Friedland, Patricia Jensen Frost, Thomas & Litsinger, Nell Lively, S . Cox & SharonJeanne Bowen, Jack H . Bowles, Edward & Linda Furness, Rich & Renee Gage, Sarah Longville, Karen & Joe Lopez-Lewis, ChrisPatricia Brands, Marilyn Bransford, Gilbert Galczynski, Barbara Galiotto, Gene G . & Bob Lytle, William & Kitty Ma, Jim && Ruth Brooks, James Brown, Julia Brown, Galster, Guillermo P. Galvez, Mr . & Mrs. Patty MacEgan, Edward Magee, Dan &Mike & Koen Brown, Mr. & Mrs . David Thomas Garske, Sheila Sheppard/ Gaston Kelly Malec-Kosak, Patricia Malon, MarthaBrubaker, Ida & William Bucher, David Georis, Angela Gettle, Carl Giavanti, Emily & Robert Manning, Valeen Marcus, AnneBulger, N . A . Bull, D . Woo & Stephen Byrne & Mike Gilbert, Michael & Christina Margis, Sheila Marrero, Jane Marsh,Burger, Jan & Bob Burke, Patty & Patrick Gilbert, John & Kay Gist, Fred Glasser, Donald R. Martin, Tim Martinez, AmeyBurkes, A . W. Burner, Lori Burnside, Biff Marshall & Linda Glenn, Daniel & Nancy Fearon Mathews, Christy Mathis, JeanneButter, Jim Caldwell, Carole A . Calkins, Gold, Dominic A . Gomez, Alexandra Mayr, K . O'Toole & Phil Mazzoni, CaroleTyrone Callahan, Naomi Calof, L. Ferguson Goodman, Elizabeth G . Gould, Robert & McAllister, Scott & Patricia McAuley, Glen& Barry Cameron, Mr. & Mrs. Jim Isabelle Graves, Norma Greene, Henry M . McClaran, Jennifer McDermott, LaurieCampbell, Rea Campbell, Herb & Lisa Grennan, Luther Grime, Richard Grise, McGovern, Mr. & Mrs . Andrew McGuile,Cantwell, Richard Caprio, Jane Cardi, John & Diane Gunn, Pamela & Philip Kenneth & Sharon McGuire, Kristine &Robert Wm . Carlson, Catherine Anne Gustafson, Barbara & James Gutmann, Craig McGuire, Rev. William Mcilmoyl,Carreiro, Lynn M . Carstensen, Bonnie & Laurie Gutstein, Roland & Mary Haas, Mr. Don C. McKenzie, Tom & KathleenJared Carter, Valerie D & Gene Carter, & Mrs . Robert Habl, Susan Hackett, Robert McKiernan, Jerry McMillan, DeniseJosephine Casilang, T. Torrence & L . Hagen, Tom Haldorsen, Jennifer Hall, Medford, Denis Meerdink, Julia Meier,Castleberry, Charles & Susan Caudle, Judy James Ham, Jean Hamilton, William & Harvey Meyerson, Edward G . Michl, David& Guy Chandler, Elaine Cheng, Dhan K . Sandra Hanagami, Denise Hanisel, Mr. & Miller, Bill & Sally Mills, Karen & GeorgeChettri, Carol Choquette, Rick Fahrner & Mrs . Wm . B . Hansell, Beth Hanson, Roncie Mills, K . Adachi & H . Minamino, Jim &Lori Christensen, Phyllis Chutuk, Roberta Hantke, Brett Carey & Diana Harbison, Judy Mirrotto, Connie Mitchell, RodneyClark, A. Lopez & J . Clements, Charles & Howard Harden, Bonnie Harrigan, Molylneux, Dwight & Ellen Monday, DonPatty Click, Judith Clifton, Cullen & Sally Dorothy & Helen Harrington, Beverly W . Monson, Michael E . Moriarty, JudithCoates, Larry & Vicky Coates, Cheryl Coe, Harris, Ron & Karen Harris, James Burton Moyle, Don Muentz, JacqueMargaret Cohen, Peter Cohen, Karen Cole, Harrison, Mr . & Mrs. George Hart, Munroe, Patricia Murphy, Robert &Diana Colon, Nancy Condello, Fred & Sue Mardella J. Harvey, Shane Hathaway, Laura Kathleen Murphy, Gary & Shirley Murray,Cone, Don Conger, Tino & Carole Conness & Alan Hawkins, Terry M . Hawthorne, Dan Nass, Philip & Cheryl Naumann, JohnRebeiz, Toni Conrad, Susan Cook, Suzanne Steve Hazzard, C. West & M . Heilrnann, & Sharon Navarro, David & Kathy Nebhut,Cooper, M .D ., Elizabeth Cormier, Bill Edward & Vivian Heinlein, Lisa Wen & Katherine & Case Nelson, Robert & DiannaCosgrove, Joan & Donald Cowan, Wendi John Heizer, Jillian Henry, T. Dickinson & Nelson, Dat Neuyen, Michele Nies, BeverlyCraig, Elizabeth Crane, Teresa Cullen, D. Hensler, Beth Herman, Elena Herr, Noble, Hank Nourse, Marcia Nyman, S.Wallace L. Cullen, John Dangelo, Clare Taylor Hicks, Alfred & Kitty Hill, Daniel Houghton & C . O'Connor, Ellen A. O'Neill,Darden, Nancy Davis, Sharon Joyce Davis, Ho, Earl H. Hodil, Mollie Hogan, Paul James & Michele Ogden, John A . Ohara,Alan & Kelley Day, Mark De Vitre, Barbara Hogan, Don Holloway, Gary Holmes, Kristen Okey, Jane Olin, Stanford & RuthDean, Katie & Mel Deardorff, Sheila Decter, Leialoha Holmquist, Susan Hopkins, At Optner, John Orr, Carolyn & Ken Ortel,Amy & Josh Degen, Eric DeMoya, David Hu, Jim Hudson, Kip Hudson, P. Jaime & Mr. & Mrs. F. H. Osborne, Jane Oyama,DeRoo, Abby P. Diamond, Cathy Dillon, Joel Humble, Laura Hunter, Mike Hurley, Marilyn Palomino, Joan Pankratz, CynthiaAnthony Docto II, Moira Donohue, Phil George E . & Linda L Ingle, Bob & Virginia Pappas, Joan Paulin, Mark & Mary Paxton,Dowling, Mario Duffin, George DuFour, Irons, Donald T. Irving, Ryszard & Phyllis Fanny Paz-Prizant, Mike Peasland, RayHenry Bright Dunlap, George C. Earl, Jagusiak, Laura F. Jenkins, Starr Jenkins, Pestrong, Todd Petersen, Bonnie Peterson,Linda & Darryl Easter, Pamela R. Edens, Christopher & Kathy Jensen, Tyna Jensen, Celesta Peterson, Kathleen M.B. Peterson,YOSEMITE {"ASSOCIATION, FALL 1997 21

Robert Peterson, Jennifer Petty, Sava Kathy White, Neil & Donna Wiley, Scott D . Swackhamer, Linda L . Swanson, SharonPickus, Walter Piescor, Leanne Pike, Wilkinson, Gerry & Susan Willmett, S . J . Swanson, Virginia Tallman, Inez Terra, LeeMartha A . Pimentel, James & Denise Poage, Wilson, Janice Wimberly, Peter Windrem, Brody & Anna Terrazzino, Joseph & NatalieDeborah A . Post, Aaron R . Priren, Pamela Dean Wineman, Jean Wobbe, Jim Woelfel, Thomas, John Viljoen, Julie & Sean Vogt,Putman, Kerry Putt, Gerri Pymm, Barbara Maggie Wolfe, James Wong, Eric & Linda Peter Vollweiler, Dale & Carol Ward, MarlysPyper, Charlene Quan, Jane & Walter Wood, Alexis Woods, Tom & Cristi Weekley, Mr. & Mrs . Edward Weisert, LarryRamsey, Will & Gerda Randolph, Lynn & Woodward, Anne Abler/Richard & Linda Welch, Mary Arnold Wells, CarlBob Rank, Grace J . Raube, Robert Reed, Woodworth, N . Viera & B. Woodworth, Wildhagen, Fran & Lydia Wilson, Ellen L.Robert L. Reid, Roger Reid, Virginia Ruby Woodyard, McDonald & Nancy Wilts, Eileen & Emily Wong, CatalinaRenehan, Wallace & Karen Richards, Trulee Worley, B. Jean Wrage, Linda Wyatt, Jim Woodward, George A. ZaragozaRicketts, Holly Rife, Michael & Allegra Jacobs / Xochitl Sanchez, Daniel JosephContributing MembersRiley, Krcne & Kathy Ritter, Sam Roberts, Yagusie, Tia Yansen, Alvin Young, VictoryMary Beth Adams, James M . Allen, John &Ann M. Robinson, Elisabeth Robinson, Young, David A. Youtshe, Paul Zaretsky, Suzanne Alsop, Tom & Marianne Atkins,Mark N . Rodriguez, Deborah Rollins, David Zimmerman, Aleta & Douglas Zork, Jeff & Melanie Bagby, Mrs . Sharon Z. Barry,Janice Romley, C . Van Cleve & Bill Andres & Amy Zorrilla, Maryann Zounes, Cathy & Steve Basak, Mary Blankenship,Roschen, Al Rossi, Marco Ruano, Jim & Pat Zucczro Rosie Breen, Richard Bristow, Mary AnneYvonne Rutkowski, Irene Rutledge, MikeSupporting MembersBrodzin, D. Dimeff & Tom Bugnitz, GregSacher, Philip & Ferne Sadtler, Debra Salus,Lori Adam, Lori Andersen, MillieBurwell, Charles & Dorothea Campanella,Janet M. Sanders, Jen Sanford, Judith Anderson, Karin Ash, Tim Bever, Robert & David & Shoshana Carson, Gregory & LynnSarason, Hitoshi Sasaki, William B .Virginia Blewett, Susan Brachenburg, Cecchini, Richard Clymen, Dale & CherylSaunders, John H . Savard, Jeremy Keppel & Robert & Kathi Brant, Patty Britton, Cohen, Ken Correa, Anne & Paul Corwin,K . Sawyer, Steve & Terri Saxton, Louis & Marjorie L. Brooks, Kristine Noel & W . Irene Creps, Barbara Cross, Gary D . Cuesta,Maryl Saylor, Bobby Scanlin, Ann Schaver,Carraway, Jr., Marsha E. Carrozza, Anne Austie Cupp, Duane H . Dea, Peggy Dean,Michael & Gretchen Schneitzer, Mary C .Coats, Howard Colover, Mary & Charles Marge DiGiorgio, Pam & Wilbur Dong,Schnoebelen, Al & Peg Schoenemann, Darcy, Kent & Sheeba Davis, Karen K . Betty & Mark Ervin, Peter & Susan Farrell,Richard Scholz, Carl & Jacqueline Drellich, Emma & Linda Dunn, Rene Karol Field, Gerald Fields, David &Schulthess, Roland Schultz, Angela & Nick Dwyer, Jon Else, L . St . Pierre & M . Michelle Flores, Mike Foley, Lester & RuthScot, Wendy Screda, Ruth Sebastian, Jeff Enriquez, Carrie & Joe Fay, Mary B . Feeney, Goodman, Paul & Antje Greenstreet, LillySeng, Mr . & Mrs. Curtish Sessa, BillErin Fekhar, Clifton & Regina Fogarty, & Shawn Gustafson, P. Paul & DebbieSeymour, Kim Sharrar, Robert & ClaireSusan Foss, Chet Frankenfield, Kathie Hammer, K.A. Hannan, Martin L. Heavner,Shaver, Tom Sheehan, Eva Sheldon, Mr. & Fregger, Jean Friend, Timothy Gilbert, Steven & Rosa Hernandez, Dr. & Mrs. CarlMrs . Shelley, M . B . Shenton, Nancy & Tmara Goode, Diana Gourley, Lloyd & Hoeger, Janet Hogan, George Holguin,Michael Shenton, Dan & Gay Shepard,Dinia C. Green, Freda & Carl Gregory, Charles Ice, Keith Kawamoto, Marcus &Janet & Steven Shiflett, Robert Shorr, Wylie & Janet Greig, Jim Bear & Sandra Joanna Kerner, Linda & Sterling Lanier, Mr.Marvin & Marion Shuck, Debbie Siegel, Haberman, Judy Hallagan, Catherine & Mrs. Lawson, Brenda & StephenDeborah S . Siegel, Roger J. Siglin, Bobbie JoHartske, Mary & David Heltzel, Martha & Leventhal, Joan Lunney, Les Maher, Kim &Silcott, Mr . & Mrs. Wm . R . Silkey, DavidFrancis Hoover, Adrian Stan-el JaneTom Malone, Michael & RosemaryScott Silverberg, Ashley & Carmen Simms, Klaasen, Robert L. Jardine, L. Bratton & D. Manahan, Nan & Jim Maurer, Dennis &Janet Simpson, Steve Singer, Daniel Sisson, Jenkins, Ann & Morris Johnson, Arvil & Cheryl McGregor, William & MerribethKatherine L . Slouber, Marilyn & Tony Lulu Jones, Bak & Karen Jong, Jerry & McKellar, Joe & Linda Meza, TehaniSmalarz, Ben & Alice Smith, Diane Smith, Etsuko Joslen, Constance Kenney, Jo Anne Mosconi, Marianne Mueller, Joan T. Nagel,Gilbert & Linda Smith, Joanne & Sid Kliewer, Linda & Roger Knapp, Patricia & Terilyn Palanca, Judy Palmer, Mr . & Mrs. R.Smith, Robin & Brendon Smith, Susan Ted Koschiski, Sharron Kovac, Diane M . Payne, Kim Peterson, Tom & LynSears Smith, David Snow, Norma Solarz, Lafrenz, Denise Lahav, Rosina Lee, David & Phillips, Val Plummer, Shauna Lyman &Teresa Somers, Stephen Sooter, Bobbie &Joyce Lewis, Sharon & Larry Lewis, Roger Jeff Poole, Thom Prentice, MD, Jeffrey &Lee Sperling, Pat Stacy, Susan & Ray& Claretta Longden, Pilar & Thierry Luzzi, Lauren Rips, Barbara & Duane Robinson,Starbuck, Gary Snyder/ Stella Volpe, Jeffrey Harvey & Alma Lyon, Jeanette L. Macauley, K. Nielsen & Ery Ruhl, Barbara F.Stephenson, Louise Stivers, Raymond Eileen V. Mahoney, Rev. & Mrs . James Schneider, Trisha & Robert Schuster, RobinStrakosch, Jim & Suzette Stringer, Ann M .Maines, Virginia Marshall, Diane & Dwight & Ron Scott, Devereau Sellin, Mrs . AnnSudduth, Katherine Sullivan, Victor V .McCan, Lane & Gayle McDonald, LeeSwanson, Jerry & Karen Swerling, MonicaSundquist, Dr. Jack Susman, Jerry Swenson,Meglli, Bob Messing, J . Muller-Johngren/ Tover, Gary Tucker, Elizabeth Utschig,David Vail & Rena Taguchi, Gary Tanaka,Michael Johngren, R .N. Michels, Robert Wayne E . Veitschegger, Ellen Waddell,Dennis & Cindie Taylor, Simone Temple,Morones, Stephen Neal, LaVern &William & Dianne Walters, April & GlenLemlem Tesfat, Barbara G . Thomas, Kaye Constance Neller, Susan Nelson, Dr. Karen Williams, R. Cowart & Anne Winchester,Thompson, Michael Thornton, Jane Nissen, Catherine Oquist, Tracey & Charles Neal & Connie YahataThreet, Kay Tiblier, Betty & Lawrence Osterlind, Judith Parham, Neils & TinaTilton, Tiffany Tokiwa, John Traver, RuthCentennial MembersPaulsen, Craig Pease, Joan & Terry Peck,Tretbar, Marion C . Tuck, Carol Utley,Dan Bartley, Ann & John Brinker, Glenn &Dianne Pekary, Michael & Marlene Peters,Prudencio G . Valdez, Joan Van Der Hoeven, Cathy Burow, Elsie M . Carper, Beverly J.Kay Pitts, Ken & Betty Purchase, Alva &Carly R . Van Dox, F. Setterberg & Ann VanChu, MD, Ray & Lindsey Connelly, DavidJoanne Rodrigues, Blaine Rogers, H .Steenberg, Alba Velazquez, Marion Vertson,V. Costa, Chris Dawson, The QuinnellRenton Rolph, Paul Roshka, Jim & CarolEveyln Volpa, Ernst Von Kugelgen, Mr . &Family, Mary Margaret Flynn, KellyRoss, Bruce & Carol Ruff, Barry & BeverlyMrs . Harold Walba, Sue Powell & BrentGallagher, Tom Allain & Nancy Graff,Rumbles, Lisa Travis & M . Ruyak, DouglasWalker, Loraine Walsh, Jane & Glenn Ward,Lucille Hammer, Steven I-Ionickman, MD,Ryder, Shirley & Rick Sandbothe, LawrenceSean Ward, Charles & Marilyn Warner, DruJim & JoAnn Kaump, Roy Kautz, JohnSansone, Diane Sass, Elisa S . Schmitt,Warner, Richard Warren, Robyn Watkins,Maddox, Jimmy Marmack, MargaretPhyllis J . Pfafflin Secord, William & AnnDonald S. Webber, Richard & Carol Weber,Marsh, Megan Lillian More, MichaelShockley, M . Woo & R. Silverstein, Ken &Mark & Denise Wedel, Kenneth & AnnaPacicca, Marc & Christine Palotay, John F.Barbie Slavens, Claudia Spain, Henry Stein,Weller, Gregory West, Craig & LindaPetty, Erik B . Pihl, Robert Rose, WilliamLaurie & Jim Stirone, Renee DuBuc & BobWestphal, Kathleen & Terry Whettam,Sabbag, Mary Louise/Arthur Taber, George22 YOSEMITE ASSOCIATION . FALL 1997

& Karen Thagard III, S . Meldahl & JohnTrijonis, Valerie Vanaman, MartaVanderStarre, Diane & Rich Velasquez,Joel WhiteLife MembersRobert Abrams, Dr. Neil Badham, CherylAnn Below & Tim Blair, Marcelle Bright,Cynthia B . Connelly, Dianne Eash, SteveHoogheem, Adam Michael Willson,Alexander David Willson, JoanZimmermanInternational MembersKlein Alain - Luxembourg, MichelleDoherty - Australia, Kenichi Izumisawa -Japan, Axel Kudelka - Germany, RogerLear - UK, H . Snel - Holland, Pete & KateSutton - UK, Cath Hayes & Rich White -EnglandRecent DonationsAnsel Adams Gallery ; Jane Dugan Baird;California Data Marketing; CopernicusSoftware ; Crown Printing ; Gail Dreifus;Dumont Printing; El Portal Market; RickErlien;; Jack Goddard; Audrey Hulburd;Charles King, Little, Brown and Company;Naturals from the Earth ; William Neill;Elvira Nishkian ; Penny Otwell;Queensboro Shirt Company ; QuietWorks ; Real Music; The Redwoods GuestCottages; Scope Enterprises ; Sierra Press;T. Louis Snitzer ; Lee Stetson ; Dick &Harriet Stolz ; Tenaya Lodge; WinsorFarms Bed & Breakfast ; YosemiteConcession Services; Yosemite View LodgeIn honor of Brian Nordstrom : ScottNordstromIn honor of the marriage of Larry Pagelerand Katie Freeman: Steve Bauer, SusanSanford, Stephen McMillanIn memory ofRichard Eldridge: Lorraine &William HauserIn memory of Louise Fletcher: Floyd &Shirley SampsonIn memory of Della Taylor Hoss : PeggyDeanIn memory of Mildred T. Kaufmann: HelenSteinheimer, Dennis Trimble FamilyIn memory ofDr. Wallace LeBourdais:Marian & Chuck WoessnerIn memory ofMarsha Pivarski : Bill & BevSessaIn memory of Ellice Smith : Laurie Aron,China Painters of San Gabriel Valley,Wilma Clauss, Mr. & Mrs . William S . Cox,Oakley and Louise Gwillam, Mr . & Mrs.Richard Gwillam, Charles & GenevieveHart, Bill & Lynne Hulsebos, KellyKozonis, Mary Lamb, Stacie Plunkett,Linda Siggins, Muriel Siggins, Irene &Stan Seng, Eileen SeverIn memory of Greywater (the YA office cat):Sam & Georgia HaysFlood DonationsWe have continued to receive `flood year"donations since we first published the namesof members who responded our appeal.Again we send thanks and appreciation toour loyal membership who has seen usthrough these difficult times.Up to $50Robert Ashley, Ned & Mary Barker, DavidBerry, David Blockus, Bruce & GeorgiaBoles, Ronald Brandley, Amy & MarkBrokering, Judith Dean, James Escalante,Marilyn Escobar, Pamela & John Evans,Charlotte Giese, John & Doreen Giles,Thomas Grose, Arnold Grossman, Don &Janice Haag, James B . Harnagel, GeorgeHeller, Sam Hof man, Mrs . Robert Holt,Heidi Hopkins, Patricia Kirk, JudithMachen, Mrs. William MacMath, Gordon& Betty Magruder, David Margiott,Eleanor McCalla, Kenneth & SharonMcCruino, Ken & Patsy McKay, Bob &Ann McPherson, Robert D . Miller, ClydeMitchell, Lawrence E . Newcomb, AnnieNilsson, Catherine Powers, Denise Poast,Anne Pyciak, George Reams, Sandi & JoeRenati, Teri Robertson, Peter Ryan, Neil &Caroline Schore, Julie Stoughton, WarrenThoits, Doug & Chad Weber, Mr. & Mrs.F.J. Wilson$51 -$150Jim & Diane Huning, Charles P. & Polly B.Laurenson, Richard Newhouse, Mr. &Mrs . Arthur A . Rosen, Howard G . Ziff$151 - $250Rex & Rita Gardiner, Robin Wallace$251 - $500Marta VanderStarreOstrander Hut in the early years with ski instructer LuggiFoeger on the weasel. (Photo courtesty of Carson White fromMountain Dreamers : Visionaries of Sierra Nevada Skiing)Ostrander Ski Hut will open forTthe season on December 19, 1997.Located approximately 10 miles in thebackcountry, the hut is open and staffedin the winter to encourage ski touring.The trip to the hut requires considerablestamina and cross-country skiing experience.The hut accommodates 25 people andis equipped with bunks and mattresses, asmall kitchen and a woodburning stove.The charge is $20 per person/per night. Alottery is held in November for weekendreservations. For more information:Ostrander Reservations, PO Box 545,Yosemite, CA 95389 (209/372-0740)eis published quarterly for members ofw the Yosemite Association . It is editedby Holly Warner and produced by Robin Weiss Graphic Design . Copyright A1997 Yosemite Association . Submission of manuscripts, photographs, and othermaterials is welcomed.E-mail can be sent to : YOSE_Yosemite_Association@nps.govWebsite: http://yosemite .orgCover inset photo of Aspens along Tioga Road: William NeillYOSEMTTE°ASSOCIATION, FALL 1997 23

Non-profit OrganizationYosemite Associationforemost park — Yosemite! 29 ,_ 3p`~ 31Post Office Box 230El Portal, CA 95318U .S. POSTAGE PAIDYOSEMITE ASSOCIATIONIReturn Service RequestedYOSEMITEASSOCIATIONDan AndersonGive a Yosemite AssociationMembership for the Holidays!MARCH 1998A membership in the Yosemite Association2is a thoughtful gift and a year-long reminder3' 4of the park and its beauty.Along with the 1998 membership, we will send thishandsome 1998 Yosemite calendar as a free gift.~— 10f12 13- 14The calendar features 13 full color 12" by 12"15 16 17 18 19p otographs and sells in the bookstore for $10 .95. (Fora description of the calendar, please see page 16 .)2422 23 25 — 26Every membership counts in contributing to the care,well-being, and protection of America's1YOSEMITE' NATIONAL PARKYOS •Regular $25 (Joint $30)Supporting $35 (Joint $40)Contributing $50 (Joint $55)Centennial $100 (Joint $105)Participating Life $1,000 International $35 (Joint $40)Life $500Please send a Gift Membership to the Yosemite Association to . . .Name (please print) :Address:From:My Name (please print) :Address:City :State/Zip:City:State/Zip:Daytime phone number:Daytime phone number :Membership amount : $Sign gift card from :List any additional gifts on a separate sheet of paper.For last minute gift giving, call (209) 379-2646 .Total Enclosed:(Make checks payable to Yosemite Association)$Or charge my credit card :Expires:Mail to : Yosemite Association, PO Box 230, El Portal, CA 95318

Digitized byYosemite Online Libraryhttp ://www .yosemite .ca .us/libraryDan Anderson