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I.S.S.N. - 0971 - 9024 R.N.I. No. 50199/88Ah©V≤ dMZARHAT VACANAHw$›XHw$›X kmZ[rR> (X{dr AohÎ`m odÌdod⁄mb`, B›Xm°a ¤mam _m›`Vm ‡m· em{Y gßÒWmZ) , B›Xm°a ¤mam ‡H$moeV em{Y Õm°_mogH$rQuarterly Research Journal of Kundakunda Jñånapî²ha, INDORE(Recognised by Devi Ahilya University, Indore)df© 23, AßH$ 01-02 OZdar-OyZ 2011Volume 23, Issue 01-02 January-June 2011_mZX ñ gÂ[mXH$S>m∞. AZw[_ O°Z[´m‹`m[H$ Edß od^mJm‹`j-JoUV,emgH$r` hm{bH$a (Òdemgr) odkmZ _hmod⁄mb`,B›Xm°a ñ 452 001 ^maV 0731 ñ 2797790, 2545421HONY. EDITORDr. Anupam JainProfessor & Head-Department of Mathematics,Govt. Holkar (Autonomous) Science College,INDORE - 452 001 INDIAemail : anupamjain3@rediffmail.com ‡H$meH$S>m∞. AoOVHw$_maogßh H$mgbrdmbA‹`jHw$›XHw$›X kmZ[rR>PUBLISHERDr. Ajitkumarsingh KasliwalPresidentKundaKunda Jñåñånapî²î²ha584, _hmÀ_m JmßYr _mJ©, VwH$m{JßO, 584, M.G. Road, Tukoganj,B›Xm°a 452 001 (_.‡)INDORE - 452 001 (M.P.) INDIA (0731) 2545744, 2545421 (O) 2434718, 09302104700Hw$›XHw$›X kmZ[rR>, B›Xm°a H$r Am{a g{ A‹`j- S>m∞. AoOVHw$_maogßh H$mgbrdmb ¤mam 584, _hmÀ_m JmßYr _mJ©, B›Xm°a g{ ‡H$moeVEdß gwJZ Jḿo\$∑g, LG - 11, Q>≠{S> g{›Q>a, gmD$W VwH$m{JßO, B›Xm°a g{ _wo–V \$m{Z : 4065518 gÂ[mXH$ : S>m∞. AZw[_ O°Z, B›Xm°aAh©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011 1

Ah©V≤ dMZ gÂ[mXH$ _ßS>b / Arhat Vacana Editorial Board, 2010 & 2011lr Za{›–‡H$me O°Z (A‹`j)g{dmoZd•Œm ‡mMm`©,Retired Principal,104, ZB© ]ÒVr, 104, Nai Basti,o\$am{Om]mX ñ 283 203 Firozabad - 283 203Shri Narendra Prakash Jain (President)‡m{. b˙_r M›– O°ZProf. Laxmi Chandra Jaing{dmoZd•Œm ‡m‹`m[H$ ñ JoUV Edß ‡mMm`©,Retd. Professor of Mathematics & Principal,554, gam\$m, Xrjm ¡d{bg© H{$ D$[a, 554, Sarafa, Upstairs Diksha Jewellers,O]b[wa ñ 482 002 Jabalpur - 482 002‡m{. amYmMaU Jw·Prof. Radha Charan Guptag{dmoZd•Œm ‡m‹`m[H$ ñ JoUV,Retired Professor of Mathematics,Ama-20, ag]hma H$m∞bm{Zr, bhaoJX©,R-20, Rasbahar Colony, LahargirdPmßgr ñ 284 003 Jhansi - 284 003S>m∞. VH$mAm{ hm`mer‡m‹`m[H$ - odkmZ BoVhmg,odkmZ Edß Ao^`mßoÕmH$r em{Y gßÒWmZ,Xm{erem odÌdod⁄mb`,∑`m{Q>m{ ñ 610 ñ 03 Om[mZDr. Takao HayashiProfessor - History of Science,Science & Tech. Res. Institute,Doshisha University,Kyoto - 610-03 Japan‡m{. OJXre M›– C[m‹`m`Prof. Jagdish Chandra Upadhyay‡m‹`m[H$ ñ BoVhmg,Professor of History,172, a{oS>`m{ H$m∞bm{Zr, 172, Radio Colony,B›Xm°a ñ 452 001 Indore - 452 001lr gyaO_b ]m{]amShri Surajmal BobraoZX{eH$ ñ kmZm{X` \$mC›S{>eZ,Director - Jñånodaya Foundation,9/2, ÒZ{hbVmJßO, 9/2, Sneh Lataganj,B›Xm°a ñ 452 003 Indore - 452 003lr O`g{Z O°ZShri Jaisen JaingÂ[mXH$ - g›_oV dmUr,Editor - Sanmativå¿î,201, Ao_V A[mQ©>_{›Q>, 1/1 [magr _m{hÎbm, 201, Amit Apartment, 1/1 Parasi Mohalla,B›Xm°a ñ 452 001 Indore - 452 001S>m∞. AZrVm O°ZDr. Anita Jain‡mMm`© - lr O°Z oXdmH$a _hmod⁄mb`Principal - Shri Jain Diwakar College,Am{ÎS> [bmog`mOld PalasiaB›Xm°a ñ 452 001 Indore - 452 001‡m{. O{.Eg. Hw$edmhProf. J.S. Kushwahod^mJm‹`j - AßJ´{OrH.O.D. - English299, Jm{`b ZJa ([yd©) 299, Goyal Nagar (East)B›Xm°a ñ 452 019 Indore - 452 019- gÂ[mXH$r` [ÕmmMma H$m [Vm -S>m∞. AZw[_ O°ZDr. Anupam Jain‘kmZ N>m`m’ S>r ñ 14, gwXm_m ZJa, ëGyan Chhayaí D - 14, Sudama Nagar,B›Xm°a ñ 452 009 Indore - 452 009\$m{Z : 0731 ñ 2797790 Ph. : 0731 - 2797790email : anupamjain3@rediffmail.com, 094250-53822b{IH$m|$ ¤mam Ï`∫$ odMmam| H{$ ob`{ d{ Òd`ß CŒmaXm`r h¢ & gÂ[mXH$ AWdm gÂ[mXH$ _ S>b H$mCZg{ gh_V hm{Zm AmdÌ`H$ Zht h¢ & Bg [oÕmH$m g{ H$m{B© ^r Amb{I [wZ_w©o–V H$aV{ g_` [oÕmH$m H{$gÂ]’ AßH$ H$m CÎb{I AdÌ` H$a| & gmW hr gÂ]’ AßH$ H$r EH$ ‡oV ^r h_| ‡{ofV H$a| & g_ÒV oddmXm|H$m oZ[Q>mam B›Xm°a ›`m`mb`rZ j{Õm _| hr hm{Jm &2 Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011

Ah©V≤ dMZHw$›XHw$›X kmZ[rR>, B›Xm°agÂ[mXH$r`gm_mo`H$ g›X^©Ah©V≤ dMZ df© 23 H$m `h gß`w∫$mßH$ AßH$ 1-2, OZdar-OyZ 2011 Am[H{$ hmWm|$_| h°&Bg_| h_Z{ 12 b{Im|, 2 oQ>fl[oU`m| Edß A›` AZ{H$ Amª`mAm| / JoVodoY`m| H$m{ ÒWmZ X{H$a 140[•apple>m| _| [mR>H$m| H$m{ `W{Ô> gm_J´r Xr h° & oXZmßH$ 18.10.2011 H$m{ Hw$›XHw$›X kmZ[rR> B›Xm°a H$mÒWm[Zm aOV O`ßVr df© ‡maß^ hm{ ahm h° & AVï OwbmB©-ogVÂ]a 2011, AßH -3 Edß A∑Qy>]aoXgÂ]a2011 AßH$-4 H{$ 2 ÒdVßÃ AßH$m|$ H{$ AoVoa∫$ EH$ BßS{>∑g dmÎ`y_ (‡maÂ^ g{ A] VH$23 dfm~ _| ‡H$moeV gm_J´r H$r AZwH´$_oUH$m) ^r oZH$mbZ{ H$r `m{OZm h° & `h AßH$ h_ma{ ‡{aUmÚm{V [y¡`lr X{dHw$_ma ogßh H$mgbrdmb (H$mH$m gm.) H$m{ g_o[©V hm{Jm & h_ma{ [mR>H$m|$ H$m{ `mXhm{Jm oH$ df© 15, AßH$ 1-2, OZdar-OyZ 2003 _| h_Z{ 1-14 dfm~ H$m BßS{>∑g> dmÎ`y_ ‡H$moeVoH$`m Wm & odJV 8 dfm~ _| em{YmoW©`m| Z{ BgH$m â[ya C[`m{J oH$`m & Om{ BgH$r C[`m{oJVm H$m{Òd`ß ‡_moUV H$aVm h° & A] Z`{ BßS{>∑g> dmÎ`y_ _| 1-23 (1988-2011) dfm~ H$r gm_J´r hm{Jr&h_ma{ g^r [mR>H$m| H$m{ `h AßH$ ^r h_ 2011 _| hr C[b„Y H$amZm MmhV{ h¢ &A] h_ Hw$N> ¡dbßV / gm_mo`H$ odf`m| [a MMm© H$a|J{ &XojU H$r O°Z gßÒH•$oV$ H$m gßajU ï- `h oZod©dmX gÀ` h° oH$ O°Z Y_© H$r _yb gßÒH•$oVXojU ^maV _| gßaojV h° & H$Zm©Q>H$ ‡mßV _| Vm{ `h gßÒH•$oV$ AmO ^r gßaojV hm{H$a AZwgßYwÀgwAm|H$m{ ghOVm g{ C[b„Y hm{ ahr h° & Bg H$m`© _| dhmß H{$ [y¡` ^≈>maH$ Òdm_r Or _hmamOm|> H$m ]hwV]∂S>m `m{JXmZ h° & CZH{$ ‡`mgm|$ g{ hr ‡mMrZ [m Sw>obo[`mß gwaojV aht> Am°a AZ{H$ gmoVe`,Xwb©^, ‡mMrZ H$bm[yU© oOZo]Â]m| H{$ ^r Xe©Z hm{ ah{ h¢, oH$›Vw Vo_bZmSw>, >[mo S>M{ar, H{$ab,AmßY´‡X{e C∂S>rgm AmoX _|> oÒWoV`mß BVZr AZwHy$b Zht$ ahr & Bg H$maU O°Z gßÒH•$oV H{$ AZ{H$Ò_maH$ `m Vm{ ZÔ> hm{ J`{ AWdm CZ [a H$mb H$r BVZr Jhar [aV [∂S> JB© h° oH$ AmO CZH$m{ [hMmZ[mZm _woÌH$b h° &I S>oJoa Am°a CXòJoa (C∂S>rgm) H$r Jw\$mAm|> _| oOg Vah g{ oOZ _yoV©`m| H$m{ odH•$V Am°aÍ$[m›VoaV oH$`m Om ahm h° Am°a O°Z g_mO Aghm` hm{H$a Cg{ X{I ahm h° dh oZoÌMV hr odMmaUr`h° & lr Ama.H{$.O°Z-_wÂ]B© Z{ H{$ab H$r O°Z gßÒH•$oV H$m{ ‡H$me _|$ bmZ{ H{$ ob`{ ]hwV ‡`mg oH$`mh° Am°a CgH{$ [oaUm_ ^r gm_Z{ Am ah{ h¢$& lr_Vr goaVm _h{›– Hw$_ma O°Z, M{fiB© H{$ CXmŒmAmoW©H$ gh`m{J, JhZ Ao^ÈoM VWm Vo_bZmSw> H{$ Hw$N> _R>m|$ H{$ `wdm ^≈>maH$ Òdm_rOr H$r goH´$`VmH{$ H$maU Vo_bZmSw> H$r VÒdra ]Xb ahr h° & A] XojU ^maV H$r `mÃm H$aZ{ dmb{ O°Z VrW©`moÃ`m|>¤mam Vo_bZmSw> H$m{ `mÃm [Wm|> _| goÂ_obV oH$`m OmZ{ bJm h° & ]hZ goaVm Or Z{ Vo_bZmSw> H{$eVmoYH$ ‡mMrZ _o›Xam| H$m OrUm}’ma H$amH$a O°Z gßÒH•$oV$ H$r ÒdUm©jam| _| AßoH$V H$r OmZ{dmbr g{dm H$r h° & Am[ AoIb ^maVr` oXJÂ]a O°Z _ohbm _hmg^m H$r amÔ>≠r` A‹`j VWmAoIb ^maVr` oXJÂ]a O°Z _ohbm gßJR>Z H$r gßajH$ h¢ & E{gr _mV•eo∫$ gX°d AmXaUr` h° &A[Z{ ‡mMrZ VrWm~ H{$ BoVhmg VWm gmßÒH•$oVH$ Ade{fm|$ H{$ gßajU H{$ ‡oV O°Z g_mOH$r Ao^ÈoM ]∂T>r h° & ‡m{. ^mJM›X O°Z "^mÒH$a' - ZmJ[wa H{$ Hw$eb gß[mXH$Àd _|$ ‡H$moeVAh©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011 3

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\$bVï Bg _hÀd[yU© H$m`© g{ AmO ^r AH$mXo_H$ OJV bm^ Zht ‡m· H$a [m ahm h° & [yd© ‡H$moeV[m Sw>obo[ J´ßWmJmam| H$r gyoM`m| g{ AZ{H$ A‡H$moeV [m Sw>obo[`mß ‡H$me _| AmB© h¢ & H$oV[`‡_wI ‡H$moeV gyoM`mß oZÂZdV≤ h¢ ï-1. O°Z Jß´Wmdbr, lr O°Z Ìd{VmÂ]a H$m›\´|$g, _wÂ]B©, 19082. J´ßW - Zm_mdob - E{bH$ [fimbmb oX. O°Z gaÒdVr ^dZ, Pmbam[mQ>Z, E{bH$ [fimbmboX. O°Z gaÒdVr ^dZ, Pmbam[mQ>Z, 19313. oOZaÀZH$m{e, hoa Xm_m{Xa d{bßH$a, ^ S>maH$a Am{oa`{›Q>b oagM© BßÒQ>rQÁyQ>, [yZm, 19444. H$fi∂S>‡m›Vr` Vm∂S>[Ãr` J´ßWgyMr, H{$. $^wO]br emÛr, ^maVr` kmZ[rR>, H$mer, 19485. Am_{a emÛ ^ S>ma H$r J´ßW gyMr, H$ÒVyaMßX H$mgbrdmb, am_Mß– oI›XyH$m, O`[wa,19486. amOÒWmZ H{$ O°Z emÛ ^ S>mam|$ H$r J´ßW gyMr, ^mJ 1-5, H$ÒVyaMßX H$mgbrdmb AmoX,oX. O°Z AoVe` j{Ã, lr_hmdraOr, 1954, 1957, 1962, 19727. Catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrit Manuscripts Jesalmer Collection,Dalsukh Malvania, L.D. Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad, 19728. Catalogue of Manuscripts, L.D. Institute of Indology Collection, Vol-V, VI, Jitendra B. Shah, Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad, 19729. Treasures of Jaina Bhandars, Umakant P. Shah, L.D. Institute ofIndology, Ahmedabad, 197810. oXÎbr oOZ J´ßW aÀZmdbr, Hwß$XZbmb O°Z AmoX, ^maVr` kmZ[rR>, oXÎbr, 198111. Jain Granth Bhandars in Jaipur and Nagour, P.C. Jain, Centre forJain Studies University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 198112. oOZ^–gyoa kmZ ^ S>ma hÒVoboIV J´ßWm|$ H$m gyMr[Ã, g{dm _ßoXa amdQ>r, Om{Y[wa,198813. lr O°Z og’mßV ^dZ J´ßWmdbr, ^mJ 1-2, F$f^Mß– O°Z "\$m°OXma' AmoX O°Z og’mßV^dZ ‡H$meZ, Amam, 198714. lr AmoXZmW oX. O°Z _ßoXa, Jm±Yr Mm°H$, JßO]mgm°Xm ‡mMrZ hÒVoboIV J´ßW gyMr,gw_ZHw$_ma "gw_Z', oXJ. O°Z g_mO, JßO]mgm°Xm, 198815. Descriptive Catalogue of Manuscripts in the Government ManuscriptsLibrary B.O.R.I. Jaina Litrature and Philosophy, Com. H.R. Kapadia,Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona, 198816. AUohb[mQ>H$a ([mQ>Z) O°Z J´ßW ^ S>ma H$r hÒVoboIV J´ßW gyMr, ^mJ 1-4, emaXm]{ZoM_Z^mB© EOwH{$eZb oagM© g{›Q>a, Ah_Xm]mX, 199117. O°Z og’mßV ^mÒH$a-‡m¿` Xwb©^ [m Sw>obo[ ode{fmßH$, 1994-95, amOmam_ O°Z,X{dHw$_ma Am{oa`›Q>b oagM© BßÒQ>rQÁyQ>, Amam, 199518. A_a J´ßWmb`, oX. O°Z CXmgrZ Aml_, BßXm°a (_.‡.) _|> gßJ´hrV [m Sw>obo[`m|> H$r gyMr,AZw[_ O°Z, Hw$›XHw$›X kmZ[rR>, BßXm°a Edß lr gÀlwV ‡^mdZm Q>≠ÒQ>, ^mdZJa, 2000Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011 5

19. O°gb_{a (amO.) H{$ hÒVoboIV J´ßWm|$ H$r gyMr, g{dm _ßoXa, amdQ>r, Om{Y[wa, 200020. AZ{H$mßV ^dZ J´ßW aÀZmdbr, ^mJ 1-3, ]´. gßXr[ O°Z "gab', ]rZm, 2000, 200121. AmMm`© Hw$›XHw$›X hÒVoboIV emÛ ^ S>ma, IOwamhm|$ (_.‡.) _| gßJ´hrV [m Sw>obo[`m|H$r gyMr, AZw[_ O°Z AmoX, Hw$›XHw$›X kmZ[rR>, BßXm°a Edß lr gÀlwV ‡^mdZm Q>≠ÒQ>,^mdZJa, 200022. ^≈>maH$ èH$roV© oXJÂ]a O°Z gaÒdVr ^dZ, F$f^X{d _|> gßJ´hrV [m Sw>obo[`m|> H$r gyMr,AZw[_ O°Z AmoX, Hw$›XHw$›X kmZ[rR>, BßXm°a Edß lr gÀlwV ‡^mdZm Q>≠ÒQ>, ^mdZJa,200123. amÔ>≠r` ‡mH•$V A‹``Z Edß gßem{YZ gßÒWmZ-H$fi∂S> Am°a ‡mH•$V hÒV‡oV`m|$ H$r dU©ZmÀ_H$gyMr, ^mJ-4, ]r.Eg g UÊ`m, AZw. [r.S>r. lrYa, lwVH{dbr EOwH{eZ Q>≠ÒQ>,lrYdbVrW©, ldU]{bJm{bm, 200324. H°$bmg lwVgmJagyoa J´ßW gyMr, AmMm`© lr H°$bmggmJa gyoa kmZ_ßoXa _|$gßJ´hrVhÒVoboIV J´ßWm| H$r odÒV•V gyoM`mß, lr _hmdra O°Z AmamYZm H{$›–, H$m{]m VrW©,JmßYrZJa, 2003, 2004, 2005, 200625. Catalogue of Jaina Manuscripts in India house Library, Institute ofJainology, London, 200626. Descriptive Catalogue of Manuscripts in the Bhattarkiya GranthBhandar, Nagour Vol. 1-5, P.C. Jain, Centre for Jain Studies,University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, 1978, 1981, 2009, 201127. B›Xm°a J´ßWmdbr ^mJ - 1 (Hw$›XHw$›X kmZ[rR>, BßXm°a _|$ gßJ´hrV [mßSw>obo[`m|> H$r gyMr),AZw[_ O°Z Edß ]´. AoZb O°Z, B›Xm°a, 2011 (_w–UmYrZ)BgH{$ Abmdm ^r Hw$N> gyMr[Ã hm{ gH$V{ h¢ BZH$r gyMZmEß A[{ojV h¢ & Hw$N> gyoM`m|$H$m{ _mÃ^ S>ma H{$ C[`m{J h{Vw hr V°`ma oH$`m J`m oH$›Vw CZH$m odoYdV ‡H$meZ Zht$ hwAm &amÔ>≠r` [m Sw>obo[ o_eZ ¤mam _‹`‡X{e H{$ O°Z emÛ ^ S>mam|$ H$m gyMrH$aU H$m H$m`©Hw$›XHw$›X kmZ[rR>, B›Xm°a H{$ _m‹`_ g{ H$am`m J`m h° & BgH$m odÒV•V oddaU h_ AJb{ AßH$_|$ ‡H$moeV H$a|J{ & Bg AßH$ _| oOZ b{IH$m| H{$ b{Im|$H$m{ ÒWmZ oX`m J`m h° CZH{$ ‡oV AZ{H$eïAm^ma &Ah©V≤ dMZ H{$ Bg gß`w∫$mßH$ 23 (1-2) H{$ g•OZ _|$gßÒWm‹`j S>m∞. AoOV H$mgbrdmbEdß Aml_ Q>≠ÒQ> H{$ g^r Q>≠oÒQ>`m|$ H$m gßajU Edß gh`m{J ahm & _{a{ _hmod⁄mb`rZ gmoW`m| ode{fVï_hmod⁄mb`$ H{$ JoUV od^mJ H{$ gmWr ‡m‹`m[H$m|$ Edß ‡mMm`© S>m∞. Eg.Eb.JJ© Z{ ^r A‡À`jÍ$[ g{ ]hwV gh`m{J oX`m h° C›h| ^r ]hwV-]hwV Y›`dmX &Bg AßH$ _| ‡H$moeV gm_J´r [a [mR>H$m| H$r ‡oVoH´$`mAm| H$m ÒdmJV h° &lwV[ßM_r, 06.06.2011S>m∞. AZw[_ O°Z6 Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011

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Jm{Â_Q>gma H$_©H$m S> _| og’mßVMH´$dVu AmMm`© Z{o_M›– Z{ EH$ g_` ‡]’ H$_© dJ©UmAm|H$r gßª`m H$m{ A^Ï` Ordm| H$r Hw$b gßª`m H$m AZ›VJwUm VWm g_ÒV og’ amoe H$r gßª`m H$mAZ›Vdmß ^mJ ]Vbm`m h° & AmMm`© JwUYa ‡UrV "H$gm`[mhwS>' H{$ AmYma [a AmMm`© òVd•f^Z{ MyoU©gyÃm|$ H{$ Í$[ _|$ aoMV H$gm`[mhwS> gwŒm H$r Ï`mª`m _| EH$ g_`‡]’ H$_© dJ©UmAm| H$modo^fi H$_m~ _| od^mOZ oZÂZ ‡H$ma g{ oZX}oeV oH$`m h° &H$m_m©U dJ©UmAm| H$m g]g{ ]∂S>m Aße-d{XZr` H$_© _| OmVm h°, e{f –Ï` H$_© _| g{, d{XZr`H$_© –Ï` g{ Hw$N> H$_ $(AmYm) Aße _m{hZr` H$_© _| [oaUo_V hm{Vm h° & BZg{ ^r Hw$N> H$_ $–Ï`H$_©kmZmdaUr`, Xe©ZmdaUr` d A›Vam` H$_© ‡H•$oV`m|$ _| OmVm h° Om{ BZ VrZm| _| [aÒ[a g_mZh¢ & e{f _| g{ BZ VrZm| H$_m~ H{$ –Ï` g{ Hw$N> H$_ oH$›Vw [aÒ[a _|$g_mZ-g_mZ Zm_ d Jm{Ã H$_m~_| OmVm h° VWm e{f d g]g{ H$_ ^mJ Am`w H$_© _| ‡d{e H$aVm h° &JoUVr` AmYma [a òX EH$ g_` ‡]’ H$_© dJ©UmAm| H$m –Ï` 30, 720 _mZ ob`m Om`{V] CgH$m od^mOZ oZÂZ ‡H$ma g{ hm{Vm h° &1. gÂ[yU© –Ïàmoe 30,720 H{$ Mma g_mZ Aße H$aZ{ [a BZH{$ 7680-7680 H{$ MmaAße ]ZV{ h¢$ & BZ_| EH$ Aße H$m{ 30,720 gÂ[yU© g{ F$U H$aZ{ [a e{f 23040 H$m{ g_mZ-g_mZÍ$[ g{ AmR>m| H$_m~ _| AWm©V≤ 2880-2880 Aße Mb{ OmV{ h¢ &2. e{f bKw^mJ 7680 H{$ [wZï Mma g_mZ ^mJ 1920, 1920 Aße H{$ ‡m· hm{V{ h¢ & BZ_|$g{ ]hw^mJ AWm©V≤ VrZ Aße 1980 x 3 = 5760 d{XZr` H$_© _| [oadoV©V hm{V{ h¢ &3. e{f 1920 amoe H{$ [wZï g_mZ Mma Aße H$aZ{ [a 480-480 H{$ Aße ‡m· hm{V{ h¢ &BZ_|$ g{ ]hw^mJ AWm©V≤ 980 x 3 = 1440 Aße _m{hZr` H$_© _| [oaUo_V hm{ OmV{ h¢ &4. e{f bKw^mJ 480 H{$ [wZï Mma g_mZ Aße 120-120 ‡m· hm{V{ h¢ & BZ_|$ VrZ 120-120 Aße kmZmdaUr`, Xe©ZmdaUr` d A›Vam` H$_m~ _| [hwßM OmV{ h¢ &5. e{f C[b„Y 120 Aße H{$ [wZï Mma g_mZ-g_mZ I S> 30-30 Aße H{$ ‡m· hm{V{ h¢$oOZ_| VrZ Aße AWm©V≤ 30 x 30 = 90 _| g{ AmY{-AmY{ 45-45 Aße Zm_ d Jm{Ã H$_m~ _| [hwßMV{h¢ VWm e{f 30 Aße Am`w H$_© _| [hwßMV{ h¢ &Bg ‡H$ma EH$ g_` ‡]’ AZ›V H$_© dJ©UmAm| H$m Bgr ‡H$ma od^mOZ (odVaU) hm{Vmh° & BZ dJ©UmAm| H$m Hw$b $od^mOZ H$m `m{J Bg ‡H$ma ]ZVm h° -Hw$b dJ©Um–Ï` (_mZm) 30720, Hw$b H$_© ‡H•$oV 8 $h¢ &H$_© d{XZr` _m{hZr` kmZmdaUr` Xe©ZmdaUr` A›Vam` Zm_ Jm{Ã Am`wamoe‡W_ 2880 2880 2880 2880 2880 2880 2880 2880od^mOZo¤Vr` 5760 1440 120 120 120 45 45 30od^mOZHw$b`m{J - 8640 4320 3000 3000 3000 2925 2925 29108 Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011

òX Bg amoe H$m{ ‡oVeV H{$ AmYma [a oZÍ$o[V H$a| V]H$_© d{XZr` _m{hZr` kmZmdaUr` Xe©ZmdaUr` A›Vam` Zm_ Jm{Ã Am`wamoeHw$b–Ï` 8640 4320 3000 3000 3000 2925 2925 291030720_|$ g{‡oVeV 28.125 14.063 9.765 9.765 9.765 9.522 9.522 9.473100.000EH$ g_`‡]’ H$_© dJ©UmAm| H$m Bg ‡H$ma AÔ> H$_m~ _| od^mOZ hm{Z{ H{$ [ÌMmV≤ ‡ÌZ CR>Vmh° oH$ ‡À`{H$ _yb H$_© H$r CŒma ‡H•$oV`m|$ _| od^mOZ H°$g{$hm{Vm h°? `h [wZod©^mOZ ‡À`{H$ ]’H$_©H{$ ob`{ ^mdm|$ [a oZ^©a H$aVm h° & _mZm, d{XZr` H$_© H$m –Ï` BgH$r Xm{ CŒma ‡H•$oV gmVm dAgmVm _| OmZm h°, V] AmMm`© ]VbmV{ h¢ oH$ Cg g_` BZ Xm{Zm| ‡H$ma H{$ d{XZr` H$_© H$r ‡H•$oVH{$ ]ßY H{$ `m{Ω` ^md-ew^ `m Aew^ O°g{ ^r W{, Om{ oH$gr EH$ g_` _|$ EH$ hr OmoV H{$ hm|J{, CgrH{$ AZwÍ$[ ‡H•$oV ]ZH$a BZH$m g_ÒV –Ï` Cgr CŒma ‡H•$oV Í$[ _|$ Mbm OmVm h° & `hr [wZod©^mOZg^r H$_m~ _| oHß$Vw$ Hw$N> o^fi-o^fi ‡H$ma g{ KoQ>V oH$`m Om gH$Vm h° & O°g{-Zm_ H$_© H$r 42`m 93 CŒma ‡H•$oV`m|$ _| hm{Vm h° &Bg JUZm g{ `h kmV hm{ OmVm h° oH$ oH$ H$m_m©U dJ©Um H{ oH$VZ{ ‡X{e (–Ï`) oH$g H$_©_| J`{ oH$›Vw CZH$r ‡H•$oV$ H°$g{ ]Zr d ]ßYr, CZH$r AmßVoaH$ aMZm AWm©V≤ Chemical structure`m Resonatic structure (amgmòZH$ gßaMZm `m AZwZmX aMZm) _|$ H°$gm d H°$g{ [oadV©Z hm{Vmh°, `h A^r d°kmoZH$m| H$m{ kmV Zht Am°a Z hr E{gr aMZm H$m CÎb{I H$ht X{IZ{ _| Am`m h° &oH$›Vw `h oZod©dmX gÀ` d Vœ` h° oH$ CZH$r o^fiño^fi ‡H•$oV$ AWm©V JwU hm{Z{ g{, amgmòZH$gßaMZm _| A›Va AdÌ` AmVm h° ∑`m|oH$ Cgr g_` odo^fi ‡H•$oV`mß [∂S>H$a CZH{$ ‡^md _|$gßaMZm _| A›Va AmVm h° & agm`Z odkmZ H$r —oÔ> g{ CZH{$ Resonatic structure _| AßVa AdÌÀmVm h° oOgH$m gm{XmhaU CÎb{I AmJ{ oH$`m OmZ{ dmbm h° & Bg Vœ` H$m g]g{ ÈoMH$a [j`h h° oH$ ‡À`{H$ Ord A[Z{ gmW AZ›VmZ›V H$m_m©U dJ©UmAm| g{ oZo_©V H$m_m©U eara b{H$a O]AJb{ ^d _| J_Z H$aVm h° AWm©V≤ odJ´h JoV H{$ [ÌMmV≤ J^© _| ‡d{e H$aVm h°, V] J^© _| AmV{ hr,CgH$r odo^fi H$_© ‡H•$oV`m| H{$ CX` H{$ H$maU, VWm A›V_©whyV© _|$ A[Zr [`m©o· [yU© H$a d o\$aA[Zr emaroaH$ aMZm [yU© H$aZ{ bJVm h° & dmÒVd _|, Om{ Ord O°gr H$_© ‡H•$oV`mß b{H$a AmVmh°, CZH{$ CX` _|$ AmZ{ [a CZH{$ ‡^md H$m{ ^m{JZ{ H{$ ob`{ AJb{ ^d H$r d°gr hr [oaoÒWoV`mß]ZmVm h° d ]ZVr h° & Bgr H$maU g_mJ_ H{$ [ÌMmV _mVm d o[Vm H{$ 46-46 JwUgyÃm|$ _| g{ 23-23 Cgr ‡H$ma H{$ JwUgyÃ Nß>Q>H$a [aÒ[a `woΩ_V hm{V{ h¢ & e{f 23-23 A‡^mdr hm{ OmV{ h¢> & `woΩ_VJwUgyÃm| _| ‡À`{H$ H$m 1-1 JwUgyÃ obã> oZYm©oaV H$aZ{ _| CŒmaXm`r h° VWm Xm{Zm| H{$ e{f 22-22 JwUgyÃ [aÒ[a _| gß`w∫$ hm{H$a / ]ßYH$a Bg ‡H$ma g{ aMZm ]ZmV{ h¢ oH$ CZH{$ AZwgmaAh©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011 9

[ydm}[moO©V H$_© H{$ CX` H{$ AZwgma Om{ ‡^md / gßÒH$ma / Ï`dhma [∂S>Z{ dmbm h° d{ hr oH´$`merbah|$ & d{ JwUgyÃ d S>rEZE (Deoxy Ribonueleic Acid) H{$ ¤mam C›ht$ JwUm| H$m{ oXImZ{ dmb{ [a_mUw`m Ao^bmjoUH$ g_yh (Atoms or Functional Groups) H$m{ _w∫$ aIVm h° VWm Om{ JwU / gßÒH$ma‡JQ> (oXImZ{) Zht H$aZ{ hm{V{ h¢ (∑`m|oH$ CZH{$ CX` Í$[ H$_© ‡H•$oV Zht$ ]ßYr h¢ &) C›ht _| ]ßYZ(Bonds) ]ZH$a C›h| gwaojV `m A‡^mdr `m oZoÓH´$` H$a X{V{ h¢ & AWm©V≤ oH$gr ode{f JwU/gßÒH$ma H$m{ ‡JQ> H$aZ{ dmbm EQ>_ `m Functional Group (d{ hr A[Zr odo^fi gßaMZm g{ odo^fiJwU ‡Xoe©V H$aZ{ H{$ ob`{ CŒmaXm`r hm{V{ h¢$), gŒmm Í$[ _| hm{V{ hwE ^r ]›Y H$m{ ‡m· hm{Z{ g{A‡^mdr hm{ OmV{ h¢ & Bgr ‡^mdr d A‡^mdr AdÒWm H$m{ O°Z Xe©Z H$_© H$m CX` d AZwX` gßkmg{ oZÍ$o[V H$aVm h° & BgH{$ H$maU hr EH$ hr aMZm _| VoZH$ `m AßVa hm{ OmZ{ [a JwUm| _| AßVaAm OmVm h° & amgmòZH$ gyÃm| g{ Bg{ oZÂZ ‡H$ma g{ g_Pm gH$V{ h¢ -]¢OrZ (Bengene C 6H 6) _| goH´$` aMZm hm{Vr h° VWm BgH{$ 6- $Corbon Atoms H$m{ 1g{ 6 H$r gßª`m g{ gm_m›`Vï Bg ‡H$ma oXImV{ h¢ -C[am{∫$ A d B aMZmEß g_mZ h¢ ∑`m|oH$ Bg MH´$r`$aMZm _| EH$b (-) d o¤ ]ßY (=)oZa›Va Ky_V{ ahV{ h¢ & oO›h| AZwZmX gßaMZm H$hV{ h° & òX Bg ]¢OrZ _| H´$_ $gßª`m 1 H$m]©ZH$r hmBS>≠m{OZ odÒWmo[V (hQ>H$a `m g]ÒQ>rQÁyQ>) hm{H$a ∑bm{amBS> (–u) `m ZmBQ>≠m{ (-NO 2>) g_yhAm Om`{ V] CZH$r aMZm oZÂZ hm{Jr -∑bm{am{]¢OrZ _| ∑bm{amBS> g_yh H{$ H$maU VWm ZmBQ>≠m{]|OrZ _| ZmBQ>≠m{ g_yh H{$ H$maU o^fio^fi`m°oJH$ Am J`{ h¢ & _mZm BZ `m°oJH$m| _| [wZï H$m{B© amgmòZH$ ‡oVoH´$`m$gÂ[fi H$amH$a H$m{B©Z`m `m°oJH$ CÀ[mX ]Zm`m Om`{ V]$g_rH$aUm| g{ oZÂZ ‡H$ma H$m A›Va Am OmVm h° & O°g{ H 2SO 4H$r oH´$`m$g{ Sulphonic acid Group Om{∂S>Z{ [a -10 Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011

Xm{Zm| amgmòZH$ oH´$`mAm| _| ode{f A›Va Ò[Ô> oXIm`r X{Vm h° oH$ ∑bm{amBS> hm{Z{ [agÎ‚`yoaH$ EogS> H$r oH´$`m g{ Xm{ `m°oJH$ o_bV{ h¢$ oOZ_| EH$ _| –SO 3H g_yh Xyga{ H$m]©Z[a_mUw [a VWm Xyga{ g_md`d _| Mm°W{ H$m]©Z [a_mUw [a gÎ\$m{oZH$ EogS> g_yh gß`w∫$ hwAmO]oH$ ZmBQ>≠m{]|OrZ _| ZmBQ>≠m{ g_yh hm{Z{ g{ SO 3H g_yh Vrga{ H$m]©Z [a_mUw [a gß`w∫$ hwAm &oZÓH$f© oZH$bVm h° oH$ EH$ hr `m°oJH$$]|OrZ o^fi-o^fi g_yh `m [a_mUw hm{Z{ [a oH´$`m$ o^fio^fi‡H$ma g{ hm{Vr h° AWm©V≤ òX oH$gr ÒWmZ [a H$m{B© [oadV©Z `m gß`m{J `m ]ßY oH$gr ‡H$mag{ hm{Vm h°, V] CZH$m gÂ[yU© ‡^md hr odoeÔ> ‡H$ma H$m hm{ OmVm h° & Bg Vœ` H$m AmJ{ C[`m{JoH$`m Om`{Jm&Am∞∑grOZ d gÎ\$a H$m [a_mUw gßª`m H´$_eï 8 d 16 hm{Z{ g{ BZ_|$ Hw$b Bb{∑Q>≠m∞Z H$rgßª`m 8 d 16 h° oOZH$m odVaU H´$_eï (2,6) d (2,8,6) h° AWm©V≤ Xm{Zm|$ H{$ ]m¯V_≤ H$m{e_|$ Bb{∑Q>≠m∞Z H$r gßª`m 6-6 hr h° oH$›Vw Xm{Zm| H{$ JwUm|$ _| A›Va oZÂZ ‡H$ma g{ Ò[Ô> hm{Vm h° &Am∞∑grOZ (Oxygen-O) d gÎ\$a (Sulphur-S) Xm{Zm| hmBS>≠m{OZ (H) g{ gß`m{J H$aH{$g_mZ ‡H$ma H{$ `m°oJH$ H 2O (Ob) d H 2S (hmBS>≠m{OZ gÎ\$mBS>) ]ZmV{ h¢, BZ_| H 2O –d dH 2S J°g h° & ∑`m| ? Am∞∑grOZ _| aMZm (2,6) hm{Z{ g{ `h A[Z{ Zmo^H$ H{$ ‡oV AmH$f©U AoYH$aIVr h° O] gÎ\$a H$r aMZm (2,8,6) AWm©V≤ Bg_| EH$ H$m{e AoYH$ hm{Z{ g{ Zmo^H$ g{ Xyar]∂T> J`r, AVï 6 H{$ ‡oV AmH$f©U H$_ hwAm oOgg{ `h oZÓH$f© oZH$bm oH$ A[Zr ]m¯V_ H$m{eH$r aMZm [yU© AWm©V≤ AÔ>H$ (Octet - ‡À`{H$ VŒd H$m gm_m›` Òd^md h° oH$ dh A[Zr ]mharAm∞o]©Q> _| 8 Bb{∑Q>≠m∞Z [yU© H$aZ{ H$r ‡d•oŒm aIVm h°, oOgg{ CZ_| Bb{∑Q>≠m∞Z J´hU H$aZ{ H$r ‡d•oŒmCÀ[fi hm{ OmVr h°, oOg{ od⁄wV F$UmÀ_H$Vm H$hV{ h¢) [yU© H$aZ{ H$r ‡d•oŒm gÎ\$a H$r A[{jmAm∞∑grOZ _| AoYH$ h° & Bgr JwU H{$ H$maU H 2S H{$ AUw [aÒ[a gß[H©$ _|$AmZ{ [a ^r gÎ\$a[a_mUw Xyga{ [a_mUw g{ Bb{∑Q>≠m∞Z AmH$of©V Zht H$a [mVm, oOgg{ H 2S H$m ‡À`{H$ AUw [•WH$≤-[•WH$≤ hr ahVm h° AWm©V≤ H 2S J°g AdÒWm _| [m`r OmVr h° & O]oH$ H 2O H{$ AUwAm| _| AX≤^wV‡^md CÀ[fi hm{ OmVm h° & H 2O H{$ AUw [aÒ[a gÂ[H©$ _|$ AmZ{ [a H 2O H{$ AUw H$m Am∞∑grOZ[a_mUw, H 2O H{$ Xyga{ AUw H{$ hmBS>≠m{OZ [a_mUw (oOg_|$ _mÃ EH$ Bb{∑Q>≠m∞Z hm{Z{ g{, BgH$r‡H•$oV Bb{∑Q>≠m∞Z À`mJZ{ H$r ^r h° AWm©V≤ `h od⁄wV F$UmÀ_H$ H{$ ÒWmZ [a od⁄wV YZmÀ_H$ h° &g{ EH$ ode{f ‡H$ma H{$ AmH$f©U ]b g{ AmßoeH$ ]ßY (---) ]ZmVm h°, oOg{ hmBS>≠m{OZ ]ßY H$hV{Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011 11

h¢$ & Bg hmBS>≠m{OZ ]m∞oSß>J H{$ H$maU H 2O H{$ Agßª`mV AUw [aÒ[a gß`w∫$ hm{ OmV{ h¢$ oOgg{ dh–d AdÒWm _| Am OmVm h° &Bgr H$maU Ob _| ode{f ‡^md Am J`m h° oH$ Aoæ [a S>mbZ{ g{ CgH$r CÓ_m H$m{ em{ofVH$a Aoæ H$m{ ]wPm X{Vm h° VWm `h Hydrogen bonding Qy>Q>Z{> g{ Ob, ^m[ (ObdmÓ[) _|[oadoV©V hm{ OmVm h° & AWm©V≤ gy˙_ —oÔ> g{ odMma H$a| oH$ Hydrogen bonding H{$ H$maU ObH{$ ]hwV g{ AUw gß`w∫$ hm{H$a –d AdÒWm _|$ Am J`{ VWm A›` JwU ^r [oadoV©V hm{ J`{ &C[am{∫$ Xm{Zm| Vœ`m| H$m{ Om{∂S>H$a H$_© dJ©UmAm| VWm JwUgyÃ d S>rEZE VWm AmaEZE (DNA& RNA) H$r aMZm d CZH{$ ‡^md [a KoQ>V oH$`m Om gH$Vm h° &S>rEZE _| _wª`Vï VrZ `m°oJH$ hm{V{ h¢, Dioxiribose,ZmBQ>≠m{OZ `w∫$ ode{f aMZm dmb{ Purine d PyramidineCVWm Phosphoric Acid> & BZH{$ JwU Bg ‡H$ma g{ h¢$ -C 5H 10O 4> S>rAm∞∑gramB]m{gC Cfl`yarZ Porine> ñ Xm{ ‡H$ma H{$ h¢ñH Ho[aro_S>rZ Pyrimiding> ñ _wª`V: VrZ h¢ñ\$m∞Ò\$m∞oaH$ EogS> (Phosphoric Acid)12 Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011

Bg g]_| EH$ AUw Dioxyribose, EH$ AUw Phosphoric acid> VWm Purine `mPyramidine _| g{ H$m{B© EH$ o_bH$a EH$ gß`w∫$ AUw ]ZmVm h° oOg{ Nucleotide H$hV{ h¢ & VWmE{g{ H$B© - H$B© bmI AUw gß`w∫$ hm{H$a EH$ bÂ]r l•ßIbm ]Zm b{V{ h¢ oOg_| E{gr Xm{ l•ßIbmgr∂T>rXma `m go[©bmH$a aMZm ]ZmV{ h¢ & BZ Xm{ l•ßIbmAm| _| gß`m{J Nucleotide> _| C[oÒWVZmBQ>≠m{OZ d hmBS>≠m{OZ [a_mUwAm| _| EH$ ]∂S>r gßª`m _| hmBS>≠m{OZ Bonding >H{$ ¤mam hm{Vm h° `hS>rEZE H$r aMZm h° Om{ oZÂZ h° -Bg Nucleotide> ES>ZrZ, ΩdmZrZ, Wm`_rZ `m gmBQ>m{grZ _| H$m{B© EH$ AUw hm{ gH$Vmh° & (`ya{ogb H{$db$ AmaEZE _| [m`m OmVm h°) `hmß Wm`_rZ dmb{ Nucleotide> H$r aMZm Xr J`rh° A] E{g{ bmIm| AUw oZÂZ ‡H$ma g{ gß`w∫$ hm{V{ h¢ -Purine d Pyrimidine `{ g^r Base VWm Deoxyribose `m Ribose - Sugar H$hbmV{h¢ & Bg ‡H$ma ]Zr bÂ]r Chain H$r dmÒVodH$ amgmòZH$ aMZm oZÂZ ‡H$ma g{ hm{Vr h° & H$m]©oZH$`m°oJH$m| H$r aMZm _| H$m]©Z [a_mUw H$m{ H{$db$ EH$ _m{S> H{$ o]›Xw (>) H{$ ¤mam ‡Xoe©V oH$`m OmVmh° &Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011 13

Bgr H´$_ _|$ (&) d (&&) lß•IbmAm| _| EH$ Xyga{ g{ hmBS>≠m{OZ Bonding >H{$ ¤mam gß`m{Jhm{H$a go[©bmH$ma aMZm ]ZVr OmVr h° oOg_|$ Xm{Zm| Am{a bmIm|-bmIm| ›`yo∑bAm{Q>mBS> hm{V{ h¢&A] ‡ÌZ `{ hm{Vm h° oH$ S>rEZE H$r BZ l•ßIbmAm| H$m H$_©, H$_m}X`, gßÒH$ma, AZwX`, C[e_AmoX g{ ∑`m gß]ßY h° ?`{ S>rEZE hr oH$gr ^r Ord H{$ g^r JwUm| `m Òd^mdm| H$m{ A[Z{ _| gßoMV aIV{ h¢ & _mVmd o[Vm H{$ g_mJ_ H{$ g_` CZH{$ 46-46 JwUgyÃm|$ _| g{ 1-1 JwUgyÃ obã> oZYm©oaV H$aVm h°&oH$›Vw `h obã> odJ´h JoV g{ Am`{ Ord H{$ d{X H{$ CX` H{$ ‡^md g{ JwUgyÃm|$ H{$ gß`m{J g{ ]ZVmh° AWm©V≤ O°gm Ord Z{ ]ßY oH$`m Wm, A] Z`{ ^d _|$ Cgr H{$ AZwÍ$[ o[Vm H{$ Y d _mVm H{$ XH{$ gh`m{J g{ [wÈfd{X VWm o[Vm H{$ X d _mVm H{$ X H{$ gß`m{J g{ Ûrd{X ]ZVm h° & e{f O°g{-O°g{H$_© H{$ AZwÍ$[ Nucleotides _|$ ZmBQ>≠m{OZ d hmBS>≠m{OZ EQ>_ _| hmBS>≠m{OZ Bonding >]ZVr h°`m Zht ]ZVr AWm©V≤ g^r 148 _| g{ 145 H$_© ‡H•$oV`m| H{$ AZwÍ$[ hr ]›Y hm{Vm h° & Om{ ‡H•$oVCX` _|$ Zht AmVr h°, dh ]ßYZ `w∫$ hm{Z{ g{ CX` _|$ Zht AmVr AWm©V≤ S>rEZE H$r amgmòZH$gßaMZm _| X]mVr h° VWm Om{ CX` _| AmZr h°, CgH$m{ ‡JQ> H$aZ{ dmbm [a_mUw `m Ao^bmjoUH$g_yh ]ßYZ g{ _w∫$ ahVm h° &Bg ‡H$ma oH$gr ^r Ord _| C[oÒWV H$m{oeH$m H{$ S>rEZE H$r aMZm g{ `h kmV oH$`m OmgH$Vm h° oH$ Bg_| oH$g ‡H$ma H$r Bonding hm{Z{ g{ H$m°Z gm gßÒH$ma CÀ[fi hm{Jm Am°a H$m°Z Zht &d°kmoZH$ AmOH$b B›ht H$r aMZm d Im{Om| _| gßbæ h¢ oOZ_| ]hwV g{ E{g{ OrZ H$r [ohMmZ H$a brJ`r h° Am°a H$r Om ahr h°, Om{ oH$gr am{J `m A›` ‡^md H{$ obE CŒmaXm`r h¢ & CZH$r aMZm H$m{ [oadoV©VH$aH{$ CgH{$ [ohb{ ‡^md H$m{ g_m· d A›` CŒm_ ‡^md H$m{ oH´$`merb ]Zm`m Om gH$Vm h° &AWm©V≤ oZÓH$f© `h Am`m oH$ oH$gr Ord H{$ _aU H{$ [ÌMmV Z`{ ^d _|$ OmV{ g_`, _mVmd o[Vm H{$ d{-d{ JwUgyÃ, S>rEZE AmoX oH´$`merb hm|J{, AWm©V≤ CZH$r aMZm _| C[oÒWVNucleotide oH´$`merb hm|J| O°g{ JwU, Òd^md, aMZm, AmH•$oV$, gßÒWmZ, gßhßZZ AmoX CgH{$H$_m}X` H{$ H$maU ]Z|J{ &CXmhaU H{$ ob`{, _mZm oH$gr Ord H$m{ Bg ^d _|$ H$m{B© am{J O°g{ _Yw_{h h° V] CgH$r _mVm¤mam ‡m· JwUgyÃ _| _Yw_{h CÀ[fi H$aZ{ dmbm S>rEZE h° VWm Ord H{$ Aew^ H$_© H{$ CX` H{$ H$maU`h am{J Cg{ hm{ J`m & _mVm H{$ Am°a Xyga{ [wÃ-[woÃ`m|$ _| ^r dh JwUgyÃ Am gH$Vm h° Am°a Zht^r & òX Zht Am`m, V] am{J Zht hm{Jm & oH$›Vw òX dh JwUgyÃ Bg am{J H{$ ob`{ CŒmaXm`r aMZmH$m{ b{H$a Am`m, V] `h gÂ^d h° oH$ Cg Ord H{$ ew^ H$_© H{$ CX` g{ CgH{$ gÂ[yU© Am`wH$mb_|$ dh CX` _| hr Zm Am`{, AWm©V≤ gŒmm _| ahV{ hwE ^r CX` _| Z Am`{, `ht AZwX` AdÒWm h°&Bgr H$maU Hw$b 148 H$_© ‡H•$oV`m|$ _| 3 H$_© ‡H•$oV`m| (VrWH$a, AmhmaH$ eara d AmhmaH$AßJm{[mßJ) Edß e{f 145 gŒmm _| ahVr h¢, oHß$Vw$ Nucleotide> H$r aMZm _| d{ Boding >H$m{ ‡m·hm{ OmZ{ g{ ^r CX` _| Zht h¢ &O°Z Xe©ZmZwgma gmYH$ /l_U A[Z{ [wÈfmW©, V[, `_, oZ`_, gß`_, ^mdodewo’ AmoXH{$ H$maU E{gr AdÒWm H$m{ ‡m· hm{ OmV{ h¢ oH$ H$_© ‡H•$oV$ _| CÀH$f©Vm, A[H$f©Vm, C[e_, gßH´$_Ud CXraUm VWm H$m S>H$ KmV AmoX H{$ ¤mam C›h|$ A‡^mdr H$a X{V{ h¢ & `hmß o\$a ‡ÌZ CR>Vm h°oH$ ∑`m BZ H$m`m~ H{$ ¤mam AWm©V≤ Bg D$Om© H{$ ¤mam `h [oadV©Z gÂ^d h° ? EH$ Am°a amgmòZH$‡oVoH´$`m g{ Bg{ g_Pm`m Om gH$Vm h° &14 Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011

EH$ `m°oJH$ EogQ>rZ (C 2H 2), hmBS>≠m{OZ ∑bm{amBS> g{ Xm{ [Xm|> _| oH´$`m$ H$aH{$ 1-1S>mB∑bm{am{B©W{Z ]ZmVr h° & oH$›Vw EH$ [XmW© ]|Om{BH$ EZhmBS>≠mBS> `m B©Wa [am∞∑gmBS> H$r C[oÒWoV_| oH´$`m$ H$m ÒdÍ$[ ]XbH$a 1,2 S>mB∑bm{am{ BW{Z ]ZmVm h° AWm©V≤ [oaoÒWoV`mß [oadoV©V hm{Z{[a oH´$`m d oH´$`m\$b [oadoV©V hm{ J`m & Bgr ‡H$ma g] Ordm|$ H{$ gmW VWm ode{fVï `m°oJH$m|$H{$gmW E{gm hr hm{Vm h° &Bg ‡H$ma g^r Vœ`m| H$m{ Om{∂∂S>Z{ [a oZÓH$f© oZH$bVm h° oH$ Ord H{$ A[Z{-A[Z{ H$_© H{$CX` g{ Cg_|$ C[oÒWV S>rEZE H$r l•ßIbm _| Nucleotide> _| o^fi-o^fi ‡H$ma H{$ ]ßY hm{V{ h¢$Om{ bmIm| bmIm| ‡H$ma H{$ h¢$, oOZg{ ‡À`{H$ Ord H{$ JwU o^fi-o^fi hm{V{ h¢$&UmUmOrdm, UmUm H$Â_ß UmUm odoh hd{ b’r &VÂhm dÙ oddmXß gO[a g_Eohß doÇmÇmm{ &&oH$›Vw BZ ]ßYZm| H$m{ [wÈfmW© g{ [oadoV©V ^r oH$`m Om gH$Vm h° & d°kmoZH$ Bg H$m`© _|gßbæ h¢, g\$bVmEß o_b ahr h¢ Am°a ôdÓ` _| o_b{Jt ^r oH$›Vw ]mYm A^r `h h° oH$ H$m_m©U dJ©UmBVZr gy˙_ h¢ oH$ CZH$m d°kmoZH$ C[H$aUm| H$r ghm`Vm g{ ^r X{I [mZm A^r gÂ^d Zht h° &ôdÓ` H{$ J^© _| ∑`m oX`m h°? Bg{ OmZZm A^r H$oR>Z gm h° & Bg ‡]ßY _| VrZ ÒWmZm| [aamgmòZH$ ‡oVoH´$`mEß X{H$a `hr og’ H$aZ{ H$m ‡`mg oH$`m J`m h° oH$ [a_mUw _| `m CZg{ ]Z{`m°oJH$m| _| o^fi-o^fi aMZmEß ]ZZ{ `m Z`{ ‡H$ma H{$ ]m∞›S> ]ZZ{ [a oH$g ‡H$ma g{ CZH{$ JwUm|$ _|AßVa Am OmVm h° & Bgr ‡H$ma g{ ^mdm| g{ oH´$`mAm| g{ H$m_m©U dJ©UmAm| _| ^r AßVa AmVm h° oOgg{Am°XmoaH$ `m d°oH´$o`H$ eara H$r aMZm, AmH•$oV VWm gßÒH$mam|$ _| AßVa Am OmVm h° & AVï A^rd°kmoZH$ AZwgßYmZ H$r ]hwV AmdÌ`H$Vm d A[{jmEß h¢ & gß^dVï h_ ^r B›h| OmZZ{ _| g_W© hm{gH|$ & oHß$Vw BVZm oZoÌMV h° oH$ h_mar oH´$`mAm|$ g{ H°$g{-H°$g{ ]ßY [∂S>V{ h¢> CZH$m ‡^md oH$g ‡H$mag{ d oH$g ‡H$ma H$m hm{Vm h{ & CZH{$ ‡^md g{ ]MZ{ H$m C[m` ^r B›ht$Nucleotide H$r aMZm_|> oN>[m h° & Bgr Vœ` H$m{ d°kmoZH$ —oÔ> g{ g_PH$a d°kmoZH$ BZ_| [oadV©Z H$aZ{ _| g_W© hm{ah{ h¢ & Z`{ ‡H$ma H{$ JwUgyÃm|$ H$m{ H•$oÃ_ Í$[ ‡`m{Jembm _|$ CÀ[oŒm H$r Om ahr h° & S>rEZE ¤mamH°$g{ A[Zm ‡^md H$m{oeH$m H$m{ oX`m OmVm h°, `h g^r ahÒ` ^br ^mßoV OmZ{ Om MwH{$ h¢ & AVïh_ ^r E{gm Am‹`moÀ_H$ ‡`mg ^r H$a|$ oH$ gßgma ^´_U _| AoYH$ Z CbP [m`| VWm O] VH$^r gßgma _| h°, oZamHw$b $d gwIr ah|, `h Vœ` ‹`mZ _| aIH$a oH$ `{ g^r H$m`© h_ma{ hr ¤mamhr oH$`{ J`{ h¢, oHß$Vw$oH$gr A›` H$m{ `m ^JdmZ H$m{ Xm{f Z X| &Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011 15

odo^fi Nucleotide g{ ]Zr go[©bmH$ma aMZm H°$gr hm{Vr h°, BgH$r gab gßaMZm H$moMÃ AmJ{ ‡ÒVwV h° & gßj{[ _|$ Bg oH´$`m H$r Í$[a{Im g_PmZ{ H$m ‡`mg oH$`m J`m h°, ode{fA‹``Z H{$ ob`{ gßXo^©V J´ßWm|$ H$m Adbm{H$Z H$a| & BZ g^r oM›hm| _| A^r Am°a Im{O d ‡`m{Jm|H$r AmdÌ`H$Vm h° &Bg oM›VZ H$m b{IZ g_m· hm{Z{ [a [wZamdbm{H$Z H{$ g_` 21 _B© 2010 oXZ ewH´$dmad 23 _B©, 2010 oXZ aoddma H$m{ Q>mBÂg Am∞\$ BßoS>`m (AßJ´{Or gßÒH$aU) H{$ odkmZ od^mJ _|$g_mMma N>[m oH$ `yEgE _| d°kmoZH$ Xb ¤mam H$m{oeH$m H$m gßÌb{fU H$a ob`m J`m h° & A_{oaH$mH{$ J. Crage Ventor d CZH{$ 24d°kmoZH$m|$ H{$ Xb Z{ ‡mUr eara H$rBH$mB© H$m{oeH$m H$m{ H•$oÃ_ Í$[ g{oZo_©V oH$`m oOg_|$ bJ^J 1.6o_ob`Z Nucleotide> BH$mB© h° &ode{fVm `h h° oH$ d{ OrodVH$m{oeH$m H$r ^mßoV Òd`ß A[Zm[wZod©^mOZ H$aZ{ _| g_W© h° &gd©‡W_ OrZm{_ H$m{ gßÌb{ofV H$aCg{ EH$ ]{∑Q>roa`m H$r H$m{oeH$m _|‡odÔ> H$am`m J`m oOg{_mBH$m{flbm¡_m _mBH$m{CrO O{gr]r&gßÌb{fU 1.0 (Mycoplasmamycoides JCVI syn 1.00) Zm_oX`m J`m & Bg H´$m{_m{gm{_ H$m{H$Âfl`yQ>a H$r ghm`Vm g{ 4 odo^fiagm`Zm| H$r ]m{Vbm| g{ 4 H$am{∂S>S>m∞ba Ï`` H$aH{$ oZo_©V oH$`m J`m &Bg Q>r_ _| VrZ ^maVr` d°kmoZH$gßO` dmer, amYm H•$ÓUHw$_ma d‡em›V [r. [a_ma ^r goÂ_obV h¢&O°Z Xe©ZmZwgma `h OrdZH$r CÀ[oŒm Zht, daZ≤ "`m{oZ' H$rCÀ[oŒm h° & `hmß T{>a g{ ‡ÌZ OmJ´Vhm{V{ h¢ Om{ oZH$Q> ôdÓ` _|odÌdÒVar` dmVm© H$m H$maU ]Z|J{ &16 Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011

gßXo^©V J´ßW1. H$gm`[mhwS> gwŒm - AmMm`© òVd•f_, Ï`mª`mH$ma [ß. hrambmb emÛr,‡H$meH$ - ^maVr` kmZ[rR>, oXÎbr,2. Jm{Â_Q>gma H$_©H$m S> - AmMm`© Z{o_M›– og’mßVMH´$dVu - Ï`m. Amo`©H$m AmoX_Vr‡H$meH$ - lr Am. oedgmJa oX. O°Z J´›Wm_mb emßoVdra ZJa, _hmdraOr,3. Jm{Â_Q>gma H$_©H$m S> - Am. Z{o_M›– og’mßVMH´$dVu, Ï`m- [ß. _Zm{habmb emÛr‡H$meH$ - lr [a_lwV ‡^mdH$ _ S>b, lr_X amO M›– Aml_, AJmg4. _m{jemÛ Q>rH$m - Am. C_mÒdm_r, Ï`mª`m, AmMm`© H$ZH$Z›XrOr,‡H$meH$ - Y_© Xe©Z odkmZ em{Y ‡H$meZ, ]S>m°V (]mJ[V), C.‡.5. oÃbm{H$gma - Am. Z{o_M›– og’mßVMH´$dVu Ï`m. odew’_Vr _mVmOr‡H$meH$ - Am. oedgmJa J´ßW_mbm, emßoVdra ZJa, lr _hmdraOr,6. fQ>≤I S>mJ_ ^mJ 13,14 - AmMm`© [wÓ[X›V d ^yV]ob‡H$meH$ - O°Z gßÒH•$oV gßajH$ gßK, gm{bm[wa7. Ambm[[’oV - Am. X{dg{Z Ï`mª`m - [ß. aVZM›–Or _wªVma‡H$meH$ - AoIb ^maVr` lr Ò`m¤mX od_b kmZ[rR>, og’j{Ã gm{ZoJa, XoV`m, (_.‡.)8. Botany - Dr. M.P. KaushikPublisher - Prakashpublications, Muzaffarnagar (U.P.)9. Zoology - Dr. Ramesh GuptaPublisher - Prakash Publications, Muzaffarnagar (U.P.)10. Organic Chemistry - I.L. Finar - Publisher - ElBS, London11. Physical Chemistry - A.J. Mee - Publisher - ELBS, London12. Organic Chemistry, Part II - Dr. K. N. SharmaPublisher - Prakash Publications, Muzaffarnagar13. AZ›V eo∫$ gÂ[fi [a_mUw g{ b{H$a [a_mÀ_m - d°kmoZH$ Y_m©Mm`© H$ZH$Z›XrY_©Xe©Z odkmZ em{Y gßÒWmZ d Y_©Xe©Z g{dm gßÒWmZ, ]∂S>m°V / CX`[wa14. Nature - Science Research Magazine15. Science Reporter - CSIR, New Delhi16. Science Coloumn, Times of India, New Delhi17. O°Z{›– og’mßV H$m{f - oOZ{›– dUu, ‡H$meH$ - ^maVr` kmZ[rR>, oXÎbr18. H$_© H$m Xme©oZH$ d d°kmoZH$ odÌb{fU - b{IH$ - d°kmoZH$ Y_m©Mm`© H$ZH$Z›XrOr‡H$meH$ - Y_© Xe©Z odkmZ em{Y gßÒWmZ, ]∂S>m°V,‡m· ï 23.09.10Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011 17

Hw$›XHw$›X kmZ[rR>, B›Xm°a - em{Y go_oV (oZX{eH$ _ S>b)2010 Edß 2011A‹`jgXÒ` goMd‡m{. E.E. A„]mgr‡m{. AZw[_ O°Z[yd© Hw$b[oV Edß _mZX oZX{eH$,‡m‹`m[H$ Edß od^mJm‹`j-JoUV,IDA Plot No 80 EB,emg. hm{bH$a Òdemgr odkmZ _hmod⁄mb`ÒH$r_ Zß. 94, ]m∞Â]{ hm∞oÒ[Q>b H{$ [mg, B›Xm°akmZN>m`m, S>r-14, gwXm_m ZJa, B›Xm°a0731-4041595 0731-2797790, 094250-53822gXÒ`‡m{. o]_bHw$_ma O°Z ([yd© gßH$m`m‹`j dmoU¡`-S>m∞. hoaogßh Jm°a od.od.)Eb.AmB©.Or-52, [X≤_mH$a ZJa, _H$am{oZ`m-gmJa‡m{. JU{e H$mdo∂S>`m (A‹`j - AW©emÛ od^mJ, X{dr AohÎ`m odÌdod⁄mb`)E-3, ‡m‹`m[H$ oZdmg X{dr AohÎ`m od.od. IßS>dm am{∂S>, B›Xm°a‡m{. ZobZ H{$. emÛr (‡m‹`m[H$-dZ.em. Edß [yd© Hw$bgoMd)E-11, ‡m‹`m[H$ oZdmg, _JY od.od. [oaga, ]m{YJ`m, (o]hma)‡m{. Za{›– YmH$∂S> (AoVoa∫$ gßMmbH$-CÉ oejm B›Xm°a-CÇm°Z gß^mJ)296, oVbH$ ZJa, B›Xm°a‡m{. [mag_b AJ´dmb ([yd© ‡m‹`m[H$ - ^m°oVH$r)11, ^°adYm_ H$m∞bm{Zr, g{∑Q>a-3, ohaU_Jar, CX`[wa, (amO.)‡m{. ‡^wZmamÙ o_l (‡m‹`m[H$ ‡]›Y odkmZ Edß [yd© oZX{eH$)[r-2, ‡m‹`m[H$ oZdmg, IßS>dm am{∂S> X{dr AohÎ`m odÌdod⁄mb`, B›Xm°aS>m∞. ‡H$meM›– O°Z (g{dmoZd•Œm Ï`mª`mVmñoh›Xr)91/1, Jbr Zß. 3, oVbH$ ZJa, B›Xm°a‡m{. gwa{eM›– AJ´dmb (oZX{eH$-ew’ Edß ‡`w∫$ odkmZ gßÒWmZ, em{o^V od.od., _{aR>)E\$-4, VÈHwß$O, V{OJ∂T>r, J∂T> am{∂S>, _{aR (C.‡.)>_hmdra Q>≠ÒQ>-_.‡. H$m _wI[Ãg›_oV dmUrgÂ[mXH$ ï lr O`g{Z O°Z[am_e© gÂ[mXH$ ï S>m∞. ‡H$meM›X O°Z EdßS>m∞. AZw[_ O°Zgh gÂ[mXH$ ï S>m∞. gwerbm gmboJ`mAmOrdZ ewÎH$ ï È. 1000=00‡H$meH$ ï lr ‡Xr[Hw$_maogßh H$mgbrdmb, A‹`j_hmdra Q>≠ÒQ>, 63 _hmÀ_m JmßYr _mJ©, B›Xm°a-45200118 Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011

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AmÀ_gmV H$aZm CVZm hr H$oR>Z h° &AmMm`© X{dg{Z Or Z{ VŒdgma H$r 24dt JmWm _| H$hm H$r -Oh Hw$UB$H$m{ od ^{`ß [mo m`-Xw’mU V∏$Om{EUß &UmUr od Vhm ^{`ß H$a{B daPmU-Om{EUß && 6O°g{ H$m{B© [wÈf VH©$ H{$ `m{J g{ [mZr Am°a XyY H$m ^{X H$aVm h°, Cgr ‡H$ma kmZr [wÈf ^rCŒm_ ‹`mZ H{$ `m{J g{ M{VZ Am°a AM{VZ-Í$[ Òd-[a H$m ^{X H$aVm h° &`hm±$JmWm _| gÂ[yU© dÒVw oÒWoV g_PZm AÎ[k lmdH$m| H{$ ob`{ AÀ`›V H$oR>Z h° & BgH$m{g_PmV{ hwE AmMm`© lr odew’gmJa Or H$hV{ h¢ oH$ ^m{ kmZr ! ^{XñodkmZ `moZ ∑`m ! o_bmdQ>H$m{ o_bmdQ> g_PZm, dmÒVodH$ H$m{ dmÒVodH$ g_PZm & o_bmdQ> H$m{ g_P ob`m, Cgr H$m Zm_^{XñodkmZ h° & AmÀ_m _| H$_© o_b J`{, (oOgZ{ BZ Xm{Zm| H$m{ EH$) _mZ ob`m, CgH{$ ^{XñodkmZH$m A^md h° & oOgZ{ `h _mZ ob`m oH$ H$_© o^fi h°, AmÀ_m o^fi h°-E{g{ AZw^d H$aVm h° kmZr !gßgma H$m Om{ ^´_U h°, dh o_l-AdÒWm H{$ H$maU hr h° & X{Im|, oVb H$m{ o[bZm [∂S>Vm h°, ∑`m|oH$CgH{$ A›Xa oÒZΩYVm h° & VwÂh| gßgma _| ∑`m| ÈbZm (^Q>H$Zm) [∂S> ahm h° & ∑`m|oH$ VwÂhma{ _| amJH$r oÒZΩYVm h° & ^m{ M{VZ ! V{b H$r oMH$ZmB© Vm{ OÎXr Xya hm{ OmVr h°, [a amJ H$r oMH$ZmB© ]∂S>r‡]b h° &AmMm`© ^JdmZ≤ A_•VMß– Òdm_r Z{ "A‹`mÀ_ A_•V H$be' _| H$hm h° -^{XodkmZVï og’mï og’m `{ oH$b H{$MZ &AÒ`°dm^mdVm{ ]’m, ]’m `{ oH$b H{$MZ &&131&& 7oOVZ{ Ord AmO VH$ og’ hwE h°, d{ g^r ^{XñodkmZ (kmZ) g{ hwE h¢$Am°a oOVZ{ Ord AmO]ßY ah{ h¢, dh ^{X-odkmZ (kmZ) H{$ A^md _| ]ßY ah| h¢ & d{ Ò[Ô> H$aV{ h¢ oH$ [hb{ drVamJ odkmZZht hm{Vm Wm & [hb{ ^{XñodkmZ hr hm{Vm Wm & 8AmMm`© lr A[Zr ]mV H$m{ Ò[Ô> H$aZ{ _| A[Z{ Ï`m[H$ A‹``Z H$m â[ya C[`m{J H$aV{ h¢ &A^r C›hm|Z{ AmMm`© A_•VMß– gyoa H$m CX≤YaU oX`m, A] AmJ{ d{ aÀZH$a S> lmdH$mMma g{ CX≤K•VH$aV{ h¢ ï-òX [m[ oZam{Ym{@›` gÂ[Xm oHß$ ‡`m{OZ_≤ &AW [m[mÛdm{@ÒÀ`›` gÂ[Xm oHß$ ‡`m{OZ_≤ &&27&& 9òX [m[ H$m oZam{Y hm{ J`m h°, Vm{ gÂ[Xm H$m ∑`m ‡`m{OZ h° & Am°a [m[mÚd Omar h° Vm{ gÂ[Xmg{ ∑`m ‡`m{OZ h° & Bgr Vah H$hm J`m h° oH$ -"[yV g[yV Vm{ ∑`m| YZ gßM`, [yV H$[yV Vm{ ∑`m|$ YZ gßM` &'AWm©V≤ ]{Q>m gw[wÃ h° Vm{ YZ Om{∂S>Z{ g{ ∑`m \$m`Xm, dh ÒdVï H$_m b{Jm Am°a òX dh ]{Q>mHw$[wÃ h° Vm{ YZ Om{∂S>Z{ g{ ∑`m \$m`Xm, dh g] YZ ]]m©X H$a X{Jm & 10^m{ kmZr AmÀ_mAm| ! ^{X-odkmZ H$hVm h° oH$ A[Z{ AßXa PmßH$H$a X{Im{, dmUr-gß`_ [aX•oÔ>[mV H$am{ & E{g{ dMZ _V ]m{bm| oOgg{ oH$gr H{$ __© [a R{>g [hw±M{ ∑`m|oH$ Jm{br H$m Kmd â gH$Vmh° oH$›Vw ]m{br H$m Kmd ]hwV Jham hm{Vm h° & Bgob`{ dmUr drUm H$m H$m_ H$a{, ‡{_ H$r ^mfm H$m C[`m{JH$am{, ‡{_ _| AmÒWm hm{Vr h°, l’mZ hm{Vm h° & _w_wjw Ord oH$gr H$m{ oga [H$∂S>H$a O]aZ Zht PwH$mVm,dh ‡{_ âr dmUr ¤mam ‡mUr H{$ ˆX` _| [oadV©Z H$aVm h° & oOZdmUr H$hVr h° oH$ ˆX` _| [oadV©Z28 Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011

H$aZm h° Vm{ ˆX` H$r ^yo_ [a Vw_ ‡{_ H{$ Zra H$m{ ]hm Xm{, [aßVw oH$gr H{$ D$[a [ÀWa ]ZH$a _V]agmAm|$& o‡` dm∑` gwZZ{ g{ ha Ïò∫$ o[Kb OmVm h°, gßVwÔ> hm{ OmVm h° & Aa{ ^mB© ! oH$gr g{ PJ∂S>m{ßVm{ ^r ‡{_ H$r ^mfm _| ]m{bm{ & Om{Y[wa (amOÒWmZ) _| Om{ bm{J h¢, PJ∂S>V{ h¢ Vm{ d{ H$hV{ h¢ - "_{arMaU-[mXwH$m Am[H{$ oga-_mW{ odamO{ &' oH$VZr gw›Xa ^mfm _| oH$VZr _Ywa Jmbr X{ S>mbr & [aßVwòX ^{XñodkmZ H$r —oÔ> h°, Vm{ CXmgrZ-d•oŒm hm{Zm OÈar h° & CXmgrZ H$m AW© h° gßgma H{$ ^m{Jm|g{ odao∫$ hm{Zm & 11oh›Xr gmohV` H{$ oH$gr ‡m‹`m[H$ g{ H$m{B© [yN{> oH$ oh›Xr gmohÀ` _|> ∑`m ‡_wI h° & Vm{ d{H$h{J| oH$ -VŒd VŒd gyam H$hr, Vwbgr H$hr AZyR>r &]Mr IwMr H$o]am H$hr, ]mH$r g] H$m{B© PyR>r &&Bgr ‡H$ma ^{X odkmZ H$m gma ]VmV{ hwE AmMm`© lr H$hV{ h¢, "Ord A›` h°, [wX≤Jb A›`h°, `hr VŒd H$m gma h°, e{f BgH$m odÒVma h° & 12AmOH$b bm{J ^{X-odkmZ H$m{ ^r ]´m›S{>S> ]>Zm ah{ h¢ & Am[ obIV{ h° oH$ - _w_wjw dhr hm{Vmh° Om{ gßVm| H$m{, oZJ´©›Wm| H$m{ AmÂZm`m|/[ßWm|/gÂ‡Xm`m| _| Zht X{IVm h°, dh [a_{Ìda H$m{ [a_{apple>r_| X{IVm h° & Bg gyÃ H$m{ ‹`mZ _| aIZm, M_© H$m{ X{Im{J{ Vm{ Ïò∫$ H$m{ X{IZm [∂S{>Jm> Am°a Y_© H$m{X{Im{J{ Vm{ Y_m©À_m oXI{Jm & 13Om{ bm{J EAaHß$S>re›S> H$_a{ _|$]°R>H$a Òd Edß [a H{$ ^{X kmZ H$r ]mV H$aV{ h¢, CZH$m{gß]m{oYV H$aV{ hwE AmMm`© lr H$hV{ h¢ oH$ ^m{ kmZr ! O] H$m{B© Iy±Ima ‡mUr VwÂh| ^jU H$aZ{ Am`{Cg g_` Am[ oM›VZ H$aZm oH$ `h X{h Vm{ [wX≤Jb h° _¢ Vm{ AOañA_a hy±, _wP{ H$m°Z Im gH$Vmh° Am°a Xygar Am{a gwH$m°eb _woZ H$m{ oZhmaZm Am°a H$hZm, ‡^w ! gmar ^yo_ a∫$ g{ aßJ JB©, [a Vw_drVamJVm g{ aßJ{ ]°R{> W{ & ∑`m Im`m ? oH$gZ{ Im`m ? oH$gH$m{ Im`m ? `h EH$ ^{X odkmZ h° & ]g,kmZr Am°a AkmZr H$r `hr [hMmZ h° & Vw_Z{ eara H$m{ N>rbm, _wP{ Zht$ N>rbm, `h h° A‹`mÀ_ od⁄m&∑`m|oH$ A‹`mÀ_ H$hVm h° oH$ Vy eara H$r ajm Zht H$a [m`{Jm, [aßVw A[Z{ [oaUm_m| H$r ajm H$agH$Vm h° & gwH$_mb-gwH$m°eb _woZamO A[Z{ eara H$r ajm Zht H$a [m`{, [aßVw kmZ-earar AmÀ_mH{$ [oaUm_m| H$r ajm C›hm|Z{ H$a br & Om{ O∂S> eara H$r ajm _| brZ h°, dh kmZ-eara H$r ajm ZhtH$a [m ahm h° & Om{ kmZ-eara H$r ajm _| brZ h°, dh H$^r O∂S>-eara H$r ajm H$a hr Zht [m`{Jm&^m{ M{VZ ! òX AmÀ_m H$m C[H$ma MmhVm h° Vm{ AmÀ_m H$m C[H$ma hm{Jm À`mJ V[Ò`m g{,[a oOgg{ eara gyI{Jm, gm{ Am[ gwImZm Zht MmhV{ Am°a AmÀ_m-AmÀ_m H$r ]mV H$aH{$ ^JdmZ≤]ZZm MmhV{ hm{ & H°$g{ gß^d h° & 14kmZ-eara ^{X-odkmZ `m ^{X-kmZ [a ]hwV AoYH$ ]m{bZ{ H$r AmdÌ`H$Vm Zht$& `h AZw^yoVH$m odf` h°, AmMaU H$m odf` h° & VŒdX{eZm H•$oV ^{X kmZ H$m{ AßVaßJ _|$Jha{ VH$ CVma X{Z{ _| gj_h° & ^{X kmZ H$m{ g_P{ Edß OrdZ _| CVma{ o]Zm AmÀ_ H$Î`mU, Edß _wo∫$ gß^d Zht h° & AVï VŒdX{eZmA[Z{ OrdZ H{$ H$Î`mU h{Vw OÍ$a [∂T{> &odbjU ‡oV^m Edß VH©$ eo∫$ H{$ YZr AmMm`© lr H{$ MaUm|$_| eVeï Z_Z &Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011 29

gßX^© ÒWb1. aÀZ H$a S> lmdH$mMma, AmMm`© g_›V^–, gmJa, 1985, 2/43-46 [•. 87-892. Z{o_M›– emÛr, VrWH$a _hmdra Am°a CZH$r AmMm`© [aÂ[am, ^mJ-2, gmJa, [•. 365-3823. VŒdgma, AmMm`© X{dg{Z, JmWm 744. VŒdX{eZm (VŒdgma gohV), Ï`mª`mH$ma, AmMm`© odew’gmJa, [ßM_ gßÒH$aU, Hw$›XHw$›X kmZ[rR>,B›Xm°a, 2008, [•. ‡W_5. dhr, [•. x6. dhr, [•. 637. dhr, [•. 648. dhr, [•. 649. dhr, [•. 6610. dhr, [•. 6611. dhr, [•. 6612. dhr, [•. 6613. dhr, [•. 12114. dhr, [•. 51gßem{YZm{[am›V ‡m·ï 10.01.11Ah©V≤ dMZ [waÒH$ma df© 21 (2009) Km{ofVodJV dfm~ H$r ^mßoV df© 21 (2009) _| ‡H$moeV Ah©V≤ dMZ H{$ g^r AßH$m| _| g{ 3 gd©l{apple>Amb{Im| H{$ M`Z h{Vw JoR>V oÃgXÒ`r` oZUm©`H$ _ S>b H$r AZweßgm H{$ AmYma [a oZÂZdV≤ Ah©V≤dMZ [waÒH$ma Km{ofV oH$`{ J`{ h° &BgH{$ AßVJ©V ‡W_, o¤Vr` Edß V•Vr` [waÒH$ma ‡m· Amb{I H{$ b{IH$m|$ H$m{ H´$_eï È[E5000, 3000 Edß 2000 H$r ZH$X amoe emb, lr\$b Edß ‡eoÒV g{ gÂ_moZV oH$`m Om`{Jm &‡W_ [waÒH$maSamayasåra Gåthå 3 and the Modern ScienceProf. P.M. Agrawal, Udaipuro¤Vr` [waÒH$maLure of Large NumbersDr. R.S. Shah, PuneV•Vr` [waÒH$maDevelopment of Mathematical Science Including Jaina Mathematics in thePeriphery of PåtalîputraDr. Parmeshver Jha, Supauldf© 2010 H{$ [waÒH$ma erK´ Km{ofV oH$`{ Om`{J{ & 2011 _|$ ^r `h `m{OZm JoV_mZ h° &df© 2009 Edß 2010 H$m [waÒH$ma g_[©U g_mam{h A∑Qy>]a -2011 _|> Am`m{oOV oH$`m Om`{Jm &S>m∞. AoOV H$mgbrdmbS>m∞. AZw[_ O°Z‡H$meH$ gÂ[mXH$30 Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011

Ah©V≤ dMZHw$›XHw$›X kmZ[rR>, B›Xm°adf© - 23, AßH$ - 1-2, OZdar-OyZ 2011, 31-34AßH$ od⁄m H$m JoUV Aem{H$ ghOmZ›X *gmamßeAßH$m| H{$ Ï`wÀ[oŒmOZH$ AW©, _hÀd, C[`m{J H$r MMm© H{$ C[amßV ¡`m{oVfr`—oÔ> g{ AßH$ od⁄m H$r MMm© `hmß H$r JB© h° &gßª`m, JoUV, AßH$ O°g{ e„X _mÃm `m [oa_mU H{$ gyMH$ h¢$ oHß$Vw BZH$m Ï`wÀ[oŒm og’ AW©o^fi h° Bgob`{ `{ oH´$`m `m odoY _|$AßVoh©V gy˙_ AßVa H$m{ ‡H$Q> H$aZ{ dmb{ e„X h¢ & gßª`m H$mAW© hm{Vm h° gÂ`H$ ‡H$ma g{ ª`mZ AWm©V≤ oH$gr ^r _m[H$ H$m{ AÏ`mo·-AoVÏ`mo· O°g{ Xm{fm| g{aohV H$aH{$ EH$ oZ`V oZoÌMV gßH{$V g{ Ï`∫$ H$aZm &AßH$ e„X H$m AW© hm{Vm h° oM›h & ‡H•$oV H{$ Òd`ß‡^ odÒVma H$m{ oH$gr oM›h g{ Ï`∫$ H$aZmhr AßH$ h° & gßÒH•$V _|$ AßH$ e„X H$m JoUVr` AWdm gßª`m[aH$ oM›h H{$ gyMH$ H{$ Í$[ _|$ hr ‡`m{JZht oH$`m J`m h°, oM›h H{$ AW© _| ^r ‡`m{J oH$`m J`m h° & O°g{-_•JmßH$, dÚmßH$ AmoX & oHß$Vw$H$mbm›Va _| ode{fV`m oh›Xr ^mfm _| AßH$ e„X H$m AW© gßH$m{M hm{Vm J`m Am°a "AßH$' e„X JoUVH{$ gßª`mÀ_H$ gßH{$V _|$Í$∂T>> hm{ J`m &JoUV e„X EH$ ‡oH´$`m H$m gyMH$ hm{Vm h° & AßH$ Am°a gßª`m Ohmß KQ>H$m|$ H$r oZ`V AdÒWmd [oaUm_ H$m{ gyoMV H$aV{ h¢ dhmß JoUV CZ gßª`mAm| _| hm{ ahr oH´$`m$ H$m{ [oa^mofV H$aVm h° &JoUV _| JUZm h° Am°a JUZm _| JU h° & JU H$m AW© hm{Vm h°-KQ>H$ & oOg Vah H$mb _| H$bZ oH´$`m$h° Cgr Vah JoUV _| JUZ oH´$`m$ h° Am°a Cg oH´$`m H$r [oaUoVÒdÍ$[ JoUV H$hbmVm h° &oOg Vah AW© e„X g{ g_o›dV hm{H$a EH$ g_J´ ‡d•oŒm [aH$ KQ>H$ ]ZVm h° d°g{ hr AmH$maH$m gßª`mZ, AßH$ ]ZVm h° & gßª`mAm|$ H$m odÒVma Zm° VH$ h° oHß$Vw BZH{$ dJuH$aU _| EH$, Xm{, [m±MAm°a gmV H{$ hr Mma dJ© ]ZV{ h¢ & EH$ H$m odÒVma VrZ, N>ï Am°a Zm° hm{Vm h° & Xm{ H$m Mma, AmR> hm{Vmh° & N>ï C^`dJu` (AWm©V≤ o¤Àd Am°a oÃÀd H{$ dJ© _|) h° & [m±M ey›` H$m _‹` h° & _‹` Am°a ey›`H$m AW© h° oH$ CX≤^d Am°a odZme H$r [adVu Am°a [yd©dVu AdÒWm & [m±M dh oÒWoV h° Ohmß CX≤^dA[Z{ Ma_ (odH$mg) H$m{ ‡m· H$aVm h° VX≤›Va odZme H$m j{Ã ‡maÂ^ hm{ OmVm h° &gßgma H$m odH$mg [ßMrH$aU odoY g{ hm{Vm h° & Bg odoY _| [mßM H{$ KQ>H$m| H$r hr _yb ^yo_H$mahVr h° & gßgma H{$ Ï`∫$ C[mXmZ [m±M VÀd Bgr ‡oH´$`m$ H{$ _yb AmYma h¢ & gmV V›dVï [m±M H{$ AoYH$oZH$Q> h° & CXmhaU H{$ obE `h g_P ob`m Om` oH$ oOg ‡H$ma [m±M VÀdm| _| V°Og VÀd _‹`_mJuh°, Cgr ‡H$ma gmV, [m±M Am°a Xg H$m _‹` h° & gmV bm{H$ Edß VÀ‡VrH$ Ï`màoV`m| _| Ohm± [ßM VÀdm|H{$ ÒWybV_ odÒVma H{$ gyMH$ ^ybm{H$ h° dht$ gy˙_ bm{H$, _hbm}H$ Am°a V[m{bm{H$ O°g{ ^r h° &VrZ Am°a N>ï H$m Om{ odÒVma h° Cgr _| AJ´ga oÒWoV Zm° AmVr h° oOg_| VrZñVrZ g{ JwoUVhm{Vm h° AWm©V≤ JU _| JwUZ oH´$`m$hm{Vr h° & gßgma MH´$ _|$JoV hr ‡H•$oV h° Am°a JoV H{$ obE JoUVAmdÌ`H$ h° & oÒWaVm _|$ EH$Í$[Vm h° Cg{ JoUV H$r AWdm AßH$m| Am°a gßª`mAm| H$r AmdÌ`H$VmZht ahVr &AßH$ Am°a gßª`mAm| H$r [oaUoV H$m{ JoUV H$hV{ h¢ & JoUV _| AßH$, ]rO Am°a a{Im `{ VrZ‡H$ma AmV{ h¢ AWm©V JoUV EH$ ‡oH´$`m$ h° oH´$`m H$r og’ AdÒWm h° & Bg gmYZm H$m{ h_ AßH$m|$,Ah©V≤ * ‡YmZ dMZ, gÂ[mXH$ 23 -(1-2), "ghO AmZßX' 2011 (Ã°_mogH$), _{K ‡H$meZ, 239 Xar]mßH$bmß, MmßXZr Mm°H$, oXÎbr-110006 31

MbVm h° & `h H´$_ O] [amdoV©V hm{Vm h° Vm{ ÔZ oH´$`m H$hbmVm h° & oHß$Vw V] BgH$m JoVH´$_ ^r[oadoV©V hm{ OmVm h° AWm©V≤ CŒma g{ XojU H$r Am{a, XmohZ{ g{ ]mEß &gßª`mAm|$H$m ‡maß^ ey›` g{ hm{Vm h° & gßgma H$m ‡maß^ ^r Bgr o]›Xw g{ hm{Vm h° & dU©_`r_mV•H$m _| Vm{ gßgma AdoÒWV hr Zht JoVerb ^r h° & oOgH$m ‡_mU AmÀ_m e„X Òd`ß h°&AmÀ_mH$m AW© hm{Vm h° JoVerb AV≤ YmVw Om{ JÀ`W©H$ h° Cgg{ AmÀ_ e„X ]ZVm h° `hr oÒWoV H$mb e„XH$r h° Am°a E{gm hr AW© gaÒdVr e„X H$m hm{Vm h° AWm©V gßgma (Om{ Ï`doÒWV H´$_$g{ MbVm h°, Cg{gßgma H$hV{ h°) JoV H$m [oaM` h° oÒWaVm Bg_| AmH$me VÀd H$r Vah oZJy∂T> Edß Amd•V ahVr h° &^mfm H{$ AmYma [a odH$mgH$Wm H$m [arjU H$aZ{ [a h_| Hw$N> Vœ` ‡m· hm{V{ h¢ O°g{ e„Xmdbr_| Xm{ [aÒ[amo^_wI AdÒWmAm| H$m{ Ao^Ï`∫$ H$aZ{ dmbr oH´$`m$`m gßkm ‡m· hm{Vr h° & AßH$m| _| `hoÒWoV oM›hm| _| Ao^Ï`∫$ hm{Vr h° & `{ oM›h od[arV d•oŒm Edß oH´$`m$ H{$ ]m{YH$ ]ZV{ h¢ Am°a `{ oH´$`mEß^r ¤›¤ Í$[ _|$dJuH•$V h¢ & ^mfm oHß$dm gßª`mAm| H$m{ ¤›¤_`r AdÒWm _| _w∫$ H$aZ{ H{$ obE h_ oOggßH{$VH$ H$m ‡`m{J H$aV{ h¢$- dh gßª`m _| ey›` Am°a ^mfm _| AVrV, [a, [a_ O°g{ [Xm| g{ Ï`∫$ hm{Vmh° &AßH$m| _| Ï`dohV ey›` H$m{ [yU©Àd H$m ‡VrH$ ^r _mZV{ h° Am°a `h o]ßXw H$m hr MoaÃ h° oH$ dhJoV H$r oH$gr ^r oH´$`m$ g{ Ï`mhV Zht hm{Vr & `h oÒWoV Bg Vœ` H$r gyMH$ h° oH$ ¤›¤mÀ_H$ AdÒWmH{$ _yb _|$EH$ hr ‡H$Q> o¤Àd H$m ‡maßo^H$ hm{Vm h° `h a{Im db` & odÒV•V AW© _|$ Bg{ ]´˜m S> H$ma{ImßH$Z ^r H$hm Om gH$Vm h° oH$ ‡À`{H$ ]´˜m S> H$r E{gr hr AmH•$oV hm{Vr h° &a{Im H$m AoÒVÀd Cg oZa[{j AÏ`d gV≤ H$r odew’ AdÒWm h° Am°a `hr g{ JoUV H$m od^mJhm{Vm h° & ey›` H$r a{Im`|$ ododY Am`m_m| H$m [oa_m[Z ‡H$meZ H$aVr hwB© AZ›VVm H$r Am{a AJ´gahm{Vr h° & `hr ‡ÒVma H´$_ a{ImJoUV H{$ Bg og’mßV H$m AmYma h° oH$ o]ßXw H$m odH$mg oÃH$m{U _|$hm{Vm h° &dU© _mV•H$m _| Òda Am°a Ï`ßOZ H{$ Í$[ _| Xm{ dJ© h°, C^`Í$[Vm h° & Ï`ßOZ Ï`∫$ hm{V{ h¢ Am°aÒda C›h| odH$ogV H$aV{ h¢ & `⁄o[ dU©_mV•H$m H$m odÒVma Ï`ßOZ g{ AoYH$ hm{Vm h° [a Cg odÒVma_| Òdam| H$r AoZdm`© ^yo_H$m ahVr h° & Òda odÒ\$maH$ hm{V{ h¢ BgobE d{ [wÈf ‡VrH$ Am°a Ï`ßOZodÒ\$maUr` AVEd ‡H•$oV$ ‡VrH$ hm{V{ h¢ & Òdam| _| ^r àÒd[wÈf Am°a XrK© ‡H•$oV$ gyMH$ hm{V{ h¢ &Òdam| H$m gmÂ` òX gßª`mAm| _| X{I| Vm{ kmV hm{Jm oH$ VrZ, N>ï Am°a Zm° [wÈf Am°a Xm{, Mma,AmR> ‡H•$oV$ ‡VrH$ h° & Òda dUm~ _| F$ Am°a b• H$m{ h_ Z[wßgH$ _mZ b| Vm{ d{ oÒWa ‡d•oŒm hm{V{ h¢AWm©V≤ d{ g_^mdm[fi [wß Am°a Ûr H$r [oaUoV h¢ & AZwÒdma Am°a odgJ© H$m EH$ Am°a [m±M _| AßV^m©dhm{ OmVm h° & AZwÒdma ZXZ oH´$`m$ h¢ Am°a odgJ© [oaUm_ Yo_©Ur ‡H•$oV$ H$m ÒdÍ$[ h° & VrZ, N>ïAm°a Zm° H´$_eï A, B, C _| g_modÔ> hm{V{ h¢ & Bg [oaH$Î[Zm H$m Ï`mdhmoaH$ CXmhaU h° oH$ AH$mam›Ve„X [woÎbßJ hr hm{V{ h°, oHß$Vw$ BH$ma AßV dmb{ e„X C^òbßJr hm{V{ h¢ oOgH$m VmoÀdH$ AW© `h h°oH$ oÃ^wO _| D$‹d© erf© hr dh ÒWb hm{Vm h° oOg_| g{ ‡d{e AWdm oZJ©_ gß^d hm{ [mVm h° &Xm{, Mma Am°a AmR> XrK© Am, B©, D$ H{$ ‡VrH$ ]ZV{ h¢ ∑`m|oH$ Ohmß VrZ oH$gr ^r o¤Àd `modô∫$ H{$ ‡^md g{ _w∫$ h° dht Zm° H{$db$ A[Z{ hr ÒdÍ$[ g{ JwoUV hwAm H$aVm h° & 3 x 3 = 9 O]oH$N>ï C^òZÔ> hm{Vm h° 3 + 3 = 6 Am°a 3 x 2 = 6 & N>ï H$m `hr MoaÃ Bg{ oÃH$m{U H$m D$‹d©erf©o]ßXw AVEd VrZ Am°a Zm° H{$ _‹` H$r oÒWoV ‡XmZ H$aVm h° & Bg ‡H•$oV H{$ od[arV `{ `wJb gßª`mEßh¢$ Om{ _w∫$ Í$[ _| hr ‡`w∫$ hm{Vr h¢ &Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011 33

XrK© AWdm gßoYH•$V $E Am°a Am{ N>ï Am°a AmR> _| A›VoZ©ohV hm{V{ h¢ & F$ gmV Am°a b• Xg_| g_mohV hm{ OmVm h° & Xg H$m AW© ey›` hm{Vm h° & BH$mB© VH$ H{$ dJ© H´$_ _|$ 1, 3, 5, 7 hr E{g{AßH$ h¢ Om{ odô∫$ dm JwoUV O°gr oH´$`mAm|$ g{ ‡^modV Zht hm{V{ h¢ &BgH{$ [ÌMmV≤ Ï`ßOZm| H$m dJ©H´$_ $AmVm h° Om{ [ßMrH$aU [’oV g{ MbVm h° & Òdam| H$m dV©ZodH$mg oÃd•V H´$_ $g{ Mbm Wm, Ï`ßOZ H´$_ _|$ [m±M H$m KQ>H$ ‡_wI odKm`H$ ]ZVm h° & Om{ ‡H•$oV$_| [mßM VÀd, [mßM V›_mÃm, [mßM kmZ{o›–`mß, [mßM H$_}o›–`mß Am°a [ßMH$m{e_` ÏòÔ>JV Edß g_oÔ>JVodÒVma H$m odVmZ ]ZVm h° &AmJ{ H$r oÒWoV`mß ^r B›ht AßH$m| H{$ oM›hm| g{ oZo_©V, Ao^Ï`∫$ hm{Vr h¢ oOZ_| `woV-od`woV,JwoUV-od^∫$ H$r oH´$`m$ g{ BZH$m odÒVma hm{Vm h° & d{ gßª`mEß Om{ A^m¡` h° d{ F$H$mamoX Z[wßgH$Òdam| H{$ hr odH$ogV doK©V Í$[ h¢ &[ßOrH$aU H{$ og’mßV H$m gß]ßY ^r MVwÓH$m{U H$r Vah hr h° ∑`m|oH$ [mßM Cg EH$ H$m H´$o_H$ÒWybrH$aU h° & ÒWybrH$aU _|$EH$-EH$ H$aH{$ [mßM VH$ ‡]w’ hm{Z{ H$m H´$_ h° & `hr H´$_ O] gßhoaVhm{Vm h° Vm{ ‡oVbm{_ odoY g{ [m±M [Xj{[m| _| MbVm h° oOgH$m `m{J Xg hm{Vm h° &e{f H$m{ _ybmßH$ `m ^mΩ`mßH$ _mZZ{ H$r [’oV ^r h° &gwodYm H{$ obE dUmH$m| H$m MH´$ oX`m Om ahm h° &dU© A Am B B© C D$ F$ F$ b• b• EdUmH$ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12dU© E{ Am{ Am° Aß AïdUmH$ 13 14 15 16 17dU© H$ I J K L>dUmH$ 3 4 5 6 7dU© M N> O P ƒmdUmH$ 4 5 6 7 8dU© Q> R> S> T> UdUmH$ 5 6 7 8 9dU© V W X Y ZdUmH$ 6 7 8 9 10dU© [ \$ ] ^ _dUmH$ 7 8 9 10 11dU© ` a b ddUmH$ 8 9 10 11dU© e f g hdUmH$ 9 10 11 12AZ{H$ ]ma oOkmgmEß AmVr h¢ oH$ \$obV odMma H{$ obE H$m°Zñgm Zm_ J´m¯ hm{ & EH$ Ïò∫$H$m Ka Zm_ Hw$N> h° Am°a gßÒWmJV H$m{B© Am°a & _{a{ A[Z{ odMma g{ oOg Ïò∫$ H$m Om{ Zm_ gdm©oYH$‡MobV hm{ dhr \$obV H{$ obE odMmaUr` ahZm MmohE & "AßH$-od⁄m' H{$ ‡m_moUH$ A‹``Z H{$ obE[mR>H$m|$ H$m{ oZÂZ [wÒVH$m| H$m Òdm‹`m` AdÌ` H$aZm MmohE &1. AßH$m{X`m/BßOr. hare lrdmÒVd/_{K ‡H$meZ, oXÎbr/20012. AßH$ Xe©Z/[ß. Jm{od›X emÛr/_{K ‡H$meZ, oXÎbr/1997‡m·ï 02.04.201034 Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011

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odemb Am°a OmbmJwob H$X, bÂ]{ H$U© AmoX _hm[wÈfm| g{ AZw‡_moUV h¢ & [mX[rR> H{$ _‹`_| AßoH$V MH´$ MH´$dVu hm{Z{ H$m ⁄m{VH$ h° & O°Z J´›Wm| H{$ AZwgma _yoV© amO[wÈf bjUm| g{ `w∫$ h°$&emo›VZmW H$r ‡oV_m H{$ XmohZ{ ^mJ _| ÒWmo[V Xm{ _rQ>a Dß$MmB© H$r H$m`m{ÀgJ© _w–m _| AßoH$V[mÌd©ZmW H$r EH$ ‡oV_m ^r ode{fÍ$[ g{ CÎb{IZr` h° & BgH{$ hmW Io S>V h¢, [°am| H{$ [mÌd© _|[aÂ[amJV MßdaYmar AZwMa CÀH$rU© h¢ & [mX[rR> [a Xm{ ogßh AßoH$V h¢ & ‡^m_ S>b H{$ ÒWmZ [a[oaM`mÀ_H$ bjU g·\$U `w∫$ ZmJ AßoH$V h°, oOgH{$ erf© ^mJ [a A’©d•ŒmmH$ma AbßH$aU `w∫$N>Ã oZo_©V h°, Hwß$oMV H{$e, XrK© H$U© Am°a AYm}›_robV Z{Ã Bg _yoV© H$r ode{fVmE± h¢ & `h _yoV© [a_maH$mb H$r h° & [a_ma H$mbrZ ^m{O[wa H{$ O°Z _ßoXa _| [ßM\$U `w∫$ ZmJ bßo]V O°Z VrWH$a gw[mÌd©ZmWH$r _yoV© [mÌd©ZmW H$r _yoV© H{$ VwÎ` h° & gÂ‡oV `h AZw_mZ h°, oH$ `h A›`Ã g{ bmB© JB© h° & ^m{O[waH{$ O°Z _ßoXa H{$ ¤ma [a EH$ A›` O°Z VrWH$a H$r [X≤_mgZ ‡oV_m h° & Bg ‡oV_m _| [mÌd© H{$MßdaYmar AZwMa h° & erf© ^mJ _| Xm{ A›` O°Z ‡oV_mEß `m{JmgZ _| AßoH$V h¢ & gdm}¿M ^mJ _| N>Ãh° & bVm ]Îboa`m| g{ [oaH$a AbßH•$V $h°, oH$›Vw `h ‡oV_m bmßN>Z odhrZ h°, oOgg{ BgH$r [hMmZH$oR>Z h°, O°Z _ßoXa _| oÒWV Bg VrWH$a ‡oV_m [a [a_ma dßer` amOm ^m{O H{$ emgZ H$mb H$mb{I h° & `hmß g{ ‡m· [mÌd©ZmW H$r ‡oV_m [a [a_ma amOm Zad_©Z H{$ emgZ H$mb H$m b{I CÀH$rU©h°&o[[ob`m J¡Oyño[[ob`m J¡Oy Jm{haJßO Vhgrb _| _ßS>rXr[ [m{bmhm _mJ© [a 2 oH$._r. Xyar[a _wª` _mJ© [a oÒWV h° & `h 23 0 05' CŒmar Ajmßg Edß 77 0 03' [ydu X{em›Va [a AdoÒWV h°&`hmß H$mbr]mB© Zm_H$ ÒWmZ [a bJ^J 13dt eVr B©Òdr H$r VrWH$a [mÌd©ZmW H$r ‡oV_m h° &[X≤_mgZ _w–m _| X{d ‡oV_m H$r ^md ^ßoJ_m, ‡VrH$ oM›h, [oaH$a H$r ‡oV_m AÒ[Ô> h° & oga [ag[©\$Um| H{$ Ade{f —oÔ>JV h¢ & odVmZ [a Xm{Zm| Am{a hoÒV H$m AßH$Z h° oOgH{$ AmYma [a [mÌd©ZmW‡oV_m oZÍ$o[V H$r Om gH$Vr h° &C∂S>X _D$ - C∂S>X _D$ CX`[wam Vhgrb _| CX`[wam g{ 7 oH$._r. Xyar [a oÒWV h° `h23 0 07' CŒmar Ajmßg 78 0 02' [ydu X{emßVa [a oÒWV h° & Jmßd _| _mVm]mB© H{$ M]yVa{ [a 12dt 13drßeVr B©Òdr H{$ O°Z VrWH$a [mX[rR> H$m ^mJ 60x15 g{ß._r. oOg_| ]rM _| X{dr ‡oV_m [mX[rR>(65x25x50 g|._r.) _| ]rM _| JO H$m AßH$Z h° &]a{br - ]a{br Bgr Zm_ H$r Vhgrb H$m _wª`mb` h°, Om{ am`g{Z g{ 80 oH$._r. XojU [yd©_| Km{a ZXr H{$ VQ> [a oÒWV h° & `h 23 0 00' CŒmar Ajmßg 78 0 18' [ydu X{emßVa [a AdoÒWV h°&`hmß odlm_ ^dZ H{$ [mg VrWH$a AmoXZmW H$r ‡oV_m (166x83x63g|._r.) aIr h° & `h ‡oV_m]bwAm [ÀWa [a oZo_©V bJ^J 10dt eVr B©Òdr H$r h° & H$m`m{ÀgJ© _w–m _| AßoH$V VrWH$a ‡oV_mH$m oZMbm ^mJ ^æ h° & [mX[rR> H{$ ZrM{ Xm{ ogßh od[arV oXem _| _wI oH$E ]°R{> hwE h° & XmohZ{ [mÌd©_| [oaMmaH$ I∂S>m h°, odVmZ _| H$m`m{ÀgJ© oOZ ‡oV_m Xm{Zm| Am{a [oaMmaH$m| gohV I∂S>r h° & BgH{$Abmdm Xm{Zm| Am{a od⁄mYa `wJb, ‡^m _ S>b, Ao^f{H$ H$aV{ JOamO, [X≤_mgZ VrWH$a ‡oV_m,oÃN>Ã AmoX ‡oV_mAm| H$m AßH$Z h° & VrWH$a H{$ oga H{$ Hw$›VobV H{$e Om{ Hß$Y{ VH$ \°$b{ hm{Z{ H{$H$maU `h ‡oV_m ‡W_ VrWH$a AmoXZmW H$r h° &X{dar - X{dar CX`[wam Vhgrb _|$ CX`[wam g{ 19 oH$._r. CŒma [yd© _| oÒWV h° & `h 23 0 08'CŒmar Ajmßg Edß 78 0 44' [ydu X{em›Va [a AdoÒWV h° & Jmßd _| Vmbm] H{$ oH$Zma{ _mVm]mB© H{$ M]yVa{[a bJ^J 12dt,$13dt eVr B©Òdr H$r VrWH$a ‡oV_m (35x24x15 g|._r.) aIr h° &A_amdX H$bm - A_amdX H$bm ]a{br Vhgrb _| ]a{br g{ 26 oH$._r. [oÌM_ _| oÒWV h°&36 Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011

`h 22 0 58' CŒmar Ajmßg Edß 78 0 06' [ydu X{em›Va [a AdoÒWV h° & Jmßd _| N>m{Q{> ^°Ê`m H{$ Ka g{IwXmB© _|$ Mma _ÒVH$ aohV VrWH$a ‡oV_m`| o_br h¢, Om{ [X≤_mgZ _w–m _| h¢ & [mX[rR> [a Ao^b{ICÀH$rU© h¢ & `{ ‡oV_m`| H´$_eï [X≤_mgZ VrWH$a (60x52x32 g|._r.) [X≤_mgZ VrWH$a(56x35x38 g|._r.) [X≤_mgZ VrWH$a (62x58x34 g|._r.) Edß _ÒVH$ aohV VrWH$a ‡oV_m h°&‡oV_m bJ^J 7dt eVr B©Òdr H$r h° & [ S>m ]m]m H{$ M]yVa{ [a VrWH$a ‡oV_mAm| `w∫$ ÒVÂ^(180x45x45 g|._r.) 12dt eVr B©Òdr H$m h° & Jmßd _| XwJm© _mVm H{$ M]yVa{ [a ]bwAm [ÀWa [aoZo_©V ‡oV_mEß oOZ_| bJ^J 12dt eVr B©Òdr H$r ‡oV_m VrWH$a H$m D$[ar ^mJ VWm Xa`mdogßhR>mHw$a $H$r ]mIb g{ bJ^J 12dt eVr B©Òdr H$r ]bwAm [ÀWa [a oZo_©V O°Z _ßoXa H$r ¤maemIm(110x35 g|._r.) bbmQ> o]Â] [a VrWH$a [X≤_mgZ _| ]°R{> h¢, aIm h° &IwH$oa`m ñ IwH$oa`m Jm°haJßO Vhgrb _|$IwH$oa`m C_amdJßO g{ 4 oH$._r. Xyar [a [yd© _|oÒWV h° & `h 23 0 11' CŒmar Ajmßg Edß 77 0 38' [ydu X{emßVa [a AdoÒWV h° & Jmßd H{$ ]mha _ßoXaH{$ g_r[ EH$ [{∂S> H{$ ZrM{ EH$ VrWH$a H$r `h ‡oV_m _‹`H$mbrZ ‡VrV hm{Vr h° &oQ>Joa`m - oQ>Joa`m Jm°haJßO Vhgrb _|$ Am°]{XwÎbmJßO g{ XojU [oÌM_ oXem _| H$É{ _mJ©[a 3 oH$._r. Xyar [a Edß N>m{Q>r [hm∂S>r [a ]gm h°, `h 22 0 57' CŒmar Ajmßg Edß 77 0 35' [ydu X{emßVa[a AdoÒWV h° & Bg Jmßd H{$ XojUñ[ydu Am{a dm›XamdmZ Zm_H$ ÒWmZ [a ‡mMrZ _ßoXa H{$ J^©J•hH{$ gm_Z{ aIr VrWH$a _hmdra (50x45x11 g|._r.) ‡oV_m hÎH{$ [rb{ ]bwAm [ÀWa [a oZo_©Vh° & X{d [X≤_mgZ _| h° & BgH$m AJ´^mJ AmßoeH$ ^æ h° & X{d H{$ Xm{Zm| Am{a Mmßda YmoaUr ZrM{ [roR>H$m[a _‹` _| Y_©MH´$ oOgH{$ Xm{Zm|$Am{a `j _mVßJ Edß Xmß`r Am{a X{dr `jr og’mo`H$m H$m AßH$Z h°&IaJm{Z - IaJm{Z ]a{br Vhgrb _| ]a{br g{ 17 oH$._r. Xyar [a oÒWV h° & `h 23 0 06'CŒmar Ajmßg Edß 78 0 19' [ydu X{em›Va [a AdoÒWV h° & Jmßd _| EH$ _o∂T>`m _| bJ^J 10dt 11dteVr B©Òdr H$r ]bwAm [ÀWa [a oZo_©V ‡oV_m aIr h°, oOg_| [X≤_mgZ VrWH$a ‡oV_m (77x73x20g|._r.) VrWH$a H{$ [mÌd© _| Mm_aYmoaUr, ‡^m_ S>b g{ AbßH•$V $h° & Jmßd _| A_br H{$ [{∂S> g{ ZrM{bJ^J 11dt$ 12dt eVr B©Òdr H$r ]bwAm [ÀWa [a oZo_©V [X≤_mgZ _| ]°R>r VrWH$a ‡oV_m(210x107x38 g|._r.) AmoXZmW H$r h° & oga H{$ [rN{> AbßH•$V ‡^m_ S>b, bß]{ H$U©Mm[ Hß$Y{ VH$\°$b{ hwE h° & [mX[rR> [a od[arV oXem _|$ _wI oH$`{ ogßh ‡oV_m AßoH$V h° & odVmZ _| _mbmYmarod⁄mYa, oÃN>Ã AßoH$V h° & ZXr H{$ oH$Zma{ [X≤_mgZ _| VrWH$a (30x24x13 g|._r.) eßH$aOr H{$ÒWmZ [a [{∂S> H{$ ZrM{ VrWH$a ‡oV_m (58x56x19 g|._r.) ‡mMrZ Q>rbm| H{$ oZH$Q> Ωdmb ]m]m H{$Zm_ g{ kmV ÒWb [a VrWH$a H{$ D$[a H$m ^mJ N>Ã gohV (75x37x20 g|>._r.) [X≤_mgZ _| ]°R{>V>rWH$a H{$ D$[ar ^mJ _|$ ‡^m_ S>b, Xm{Zm| od⁄mYa `wJb H$m AßH$Z h° &Mm›XZm - Mm›XZm am`g{Z Vhgrb _| h° & `h ohÂ_VJ∂T> H{$ [mg oÒWV h° & `h 23 0 25' CŒmarAjmßg Edß 77 0 04' [ydu X{emßVa [a AdoÒWV h° & `hmß g{ VrWH$a ‡oV_m o_br h°, Om{ [X≤_mgZ _|]°R>r VrW©H$a ‡oV_m h°, Om{ [a_ma H$mbrZ h° &amOJ∂T> - am_J∂T> ogbdmZr Vhgrb _| ]Âhm{ar g{ 3 oH$._r. CŒma H$r Am{a oÒWV h° & `h23 0 13' CŒmar Ajmßg 78 0 12' [ydu X{em›Va [a AdoÒWV h° & Jmßd H{$ CŒma H$r Am{a [hm∂S>r [a 11dt12dt ÌmVr B©Òdr H$m bmb ]bwAm [ÀWa [a oZo_©V ÒVÂ^ I S> (80x85x3 g|._r.) _| O°Z VrWH$aH{$ [°a H$m ^mJ Edß [mX[rR> [a _mZdmH$ma JÍ$∂S>mgrZ O°Z `jr MH´{$Ìdar H$m AßH$Z h° & MH´{$Ìdar H{$_wI hmW d [°a ^æ h° &^m{oS>`m - ^m{oS>`m ]a{br Vhgrb _|$ ]a{br g{ 13 oH$._r. CŒma [yd© _| oÒWV h° & `h 23 0 04'Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011 37

CŒmar Ajmßg Edß 78 0 18' [ydu X{em›Va [a AdoÒWV h° & Jmßd _| Vmbm] H{$ oH$Zma{ 12dt eVr B©ÒdrH$r [X≤_mgZ _| VrWH$a ‡oV_m (38x37x13 g|._r.) VrWH$a [X≤_mgZ H$r ‹`mZÒW _w–m _| AßoH$Vh° & [mÌd© _| Xm{Zm| Am{a H$m`m{ÀgJ© _w–m _| oOZ ‡oV_m h¢ [mX[rR> [a od[arV oXem _| _wI oH$`{ ogßhH$m AßH$Z h° &_S>I{∂S>m Q>fl[m - _S>I{S>m Q>fl[m ]{J_JßO Vhgrb _| gwZham H{$ [mg oÒWV h° & `h 23 0 30'CŒmar Ajmßg Edß 78 0 24' [ydu X{em›Va [a AdoÒWV h° & Jmßd _| [a_ma H$mbrZ VrWH$a ‡oV_m h°&AmßH$b[wa - AmßH$b[wa Jm{haJßO Vhgrb _| hm{eßJm]mX-^m{[mb [a Am°]{XwÎbmJßO g{ 7 oH$._r.[yd© _| gßS>H$ H{$ oH$Zma{ ]gm h° & Jmßd _| oÒWV ‡mWo_H$ [mR>embm H{$ g_r[ [{∂S> H{$ ZrM{ `jr [X≤_mdVr‡oV_m (75x50x18 g|._r.) bJ^J 16dt eVr B©Òdr H$r ]bwAm [ÀWa [a oZo_©V h° & ÒWmZH$ _w–m_| MVwh©ÒWm X{dr H{$ hmWm| H{$ Am`wK H´$_eï Vbdma, T>mb Edß Xm{ hmW ^æ h° & OQ>m _wHw$Q> H{$ D$[ag[©\$U ^æ Í$[ g{ Xoe©V h¢ & `⁄o[ X{dr gdm©^yfU g{ em{o^V ahr h° & Bg X{dr ‡oV_m H{$ Am`wK ‡oV_memÛr` J´ßWm|$ _| oX`{ bjUm| g{ gmÂ` Zht aIV{ h¢, VWmo[ oga [a \$Um| H$m N>Ã [mÌd©ZmW H$r [jr[X≤_mdVr hm{Zm BßoJV H$aVm h° &Om_J∂T> - Om_J∂T> ]a{br Vhgrb _| ]a{br g{ 15 oH$._r. CŒma _| oÒWV h° & `h 23 0 07'CŒmar Ajmßg Edß 78 0 20' [ydu X{em›Va [a AdoÒWV h° & `hmß [a 12dt 13dt eVr B©Òdr H$m O°Z_ßoXa oÒWV h° & `hmß _mÃ EH$ O°Z _ßoXa h°, Om{ _woÒb_ H$mb _| ^r AoÒVÀd _| ]Zm ahm &A_amdX - A_amdX Jm{haJßO Vhgrb _| am`g{Z g{ 30 oH$._r. H$r Xyar [a oÒWV h° & `h23 0 18' CŒmar Ajmßg Edß 77 0 58' [ydu X{em›Va [a AdoÒWV h° & `hmß g{ ‡m· VrWH$a AmoXZmW‡oV_m (71x63x18 g|._r.) Z{o_ZmW ‡oV_m (71x53x27 g|._r.) VrWH$a ‡oV_m (70x70x38g|._r.) Jm{_ßX AoÂ]H$m (62x48x18 g|._r.) AmoX oObm gßJ´hmb` odoXem _| gwaojV h¢ &gaB© - gaB© Jm{haJßO Vhgrb _| Am°]{XwÎbmJßO Jm{haJßO _mJ© _| Am°]{XwÎbmJßO g{ bJ^J5 oH$._r. Xyar [a Vm_m{Q> g{ 2 oH$._r. [yd© _| oÒWV h° & `h 22 0 15' CŒmar Ajmßg 77 0 38' [yduX{em›Va [a AdoÒWV h° & Jmßd H{$ ]m¯ ^mJ _|$ [hm∂S> H$r VbhQ>r _| EH$ ÒWmZ [a bJ^J 12dt eVrB©Òdr H$r `kr AoÂ]H$m (80x40x25 g|._r.) g\{$X $]bwAm [ÀWa g{ oZo_©V `h ‡oV_m H$m`m{ÀgJ©_w–m _| h° & `h O°Z VrW©H$a Z{o_ZmW H$r emgZ `kr AoÂ]H$m H$r ‡oV_m h° & Am_´ d•j H$r emImH{$ ZrM{ OQ>m _wHw$Q>, MH´$, Hw$ S>b Edß Am^yfUm|$ g{ em{o^V X{dr ]mß`{ hmW _| EH$ oeew Edß Xmß`r Am{aJm{X _| A›` oeew H$m{ ob`{ h° & `{ CZH{$ Xm{Zm| oeew o‡`ßH$a Edß ew^ßH$a H$m AßH$Z h° & ‡oV_m AmoeßH$$^æh° &[mQ>Z - [mQ>Z J°aVJßO Vhgrb _| haXm{a g{ 2 oH$._r. [oÌM_ _| oÒWV h° & `h 23 0 31' CŒmarAjmßg Edß 78 0 15' [ydu X{em›Va [a AdoÒWV h° & Jmßd _| [r[b H{$ [{∂S> H{$ ZrM{ `jr AoÂ]H$m H$r‡oV_m aIr h° & AoÂ]H$m ‡oV_m (73x45x15 g|._r.) o¤^wOr X{dr H{$ XmohZ{ hmW _|$ Am_´ Jw¿N>,]mß`{ hmW _| ]mbH$ H$m{ [H$∂S{> hwE h° & ZrM{ ogßh Edß Xm{Zm|> Am{a EH$-EH$ [wÈf ‡oV_m aIr h° & ‡^m_ S>bH{$ Xm{Zm|$ Am{a oOZ [X≤_mgZ _| ]°R{> h°>& ]bwAm [ÀWa [a oZo_©V ‡oV_m 12dt eVr B©Òdr H$r h° & `hmßg{ VrWH$a ‡oV_m (36x25x12 g|._r.) VrWH$a emßoVZmW (52x25x24 g|._r.) VrWH$a _ÒVH$(34x30x15 g|._r.) VrWH$a ‡oV_m (24x22x21 g|._r.) VrWH$a ‡oV_m oga odhrZ(29x28x15 g|._r.) VrWH$a H$m`m{ÀgJ© ‡oV_m (64x26x20 g|._r.) h° &BH$bmdmZ - BH$bmdmZ _m{haJßO Vhgrb _| Am°]{XwÎbmJßO g{ 3 oH$._r. [yd© _| g∂S>H$ g{bJ^J 3 oH$._r. XojU oXem _| oÒWV h° & `h 22 0 58' CŒmar Ajmßg Edß 77 0 37' [ydu X{em›Va [a38 Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011

AdoÒWV h° & Jmßd _| _Zm{ha ZmJa H{$ I{V _| AoÂ]H$m ‡oV_m (84x40x12 g|._r.) bJ^J 13dteVr B©Òdr H$r h° & ÒWmZH$ AmgZ _| o¤^ßJ _w–m _| X{dr Am_´d•j H{$ ZrM{ ]mß`{ hmW g{ ]∂S{> ]mbH$ o‡`ßH$aH$m hmW [H$∂S{> h¢, Xmß`r Jm{X _|> A›` oeew ew^ßH$a —oÔ>JV h° & Xmß`r Am{a ZrM{ EH$ C[mgH$ h° & X{drAm^yfUm| g{ em{o^V h° & _wI oKgm hwAm h° &]°Ob[wa - ]°Ob[wa Jm{haJßO Vhgrb Jm{haJßO- O]b[wa _mJ© [a Jm{haJßO g{ 2 oH$._r.[oÌM_ _| oÒWV h° & `h 23 0 02' CŒmar Ajmßg Edß 74 0 41' [ydu X{em›Va [a AdoÒWV h° & Jmßd _|X{d ÒWmZ [a bJ^J 12dt 13dt eVr B©Òdr H$r VrWH$a ‡oV_m (60x35 g|._r.) ]bwAm [ÀWa [aoZo_©V [X≤_mgZ _| VrWH$a H$m D$[ar [oaH$a H$m ^mJ ^æ h° & ZrM{ [roR>H$m [a bmßN>Z AÒ[Ô> h°& [oaH$a Edß [roR>H$m [a bKw ‡oV_mEß oOg_| X{d H{$ `j-`jr ah{ h¢ & [yU©Vï AÒ[Ô> h° &Sy>Joa`m - Sy>Joa`m CX`[wam Vhgrb _|> X{dar g{ 11 oH$._r. Xyar [a oÒWV h° & `h 23 0 10'CŒmar Ajmßg Edß 78 0 44 [ydu X{em›Va [a AdoÒWV h° & `hmß Jmßd g{ 27 oH$._r. Xya CŒma _| D±$M{[R>ma [a bJ^J 11dt 12dt eVr B©Òdr H$r ‡oV_m aIr h°, oOZ_| VrW©H$a gw[mÌd©ZmW H$r ‡oV_moOgH{$ AbßH•$V odVmZ h° & Xm{Zm|$ ^wOm ^æ AdÒWm _| h°, D$[a odVmZ [a Mmam| Am{a N>m{Q{>ñN>m{Q{> O°ZVrW>H$a oXIm`{ J`{ h° & gw[mÌd©ZmW H{$ oga H{ D$[a oÃN>Ã h° & ‡oV_m Xmß`{-]mß`{ [oaMmoaH$mAm|$H$m AßH$Z h° & ‡oV_m bmb ]bwAm [ÀWa [a oZo_©V h° &Z`m Jmßd H$bm - Z`m Jmßd H$bm ]a{br Vhgrb _| ]a{br H{$ oZH$Q> 3 oH$._r. [yd© oXem _|oÒWV h° & `h 22 0 60' CŒmar Ajmßg Edß 78 0 16' [ydu X{em›Va [a AdoÒWV h° & Jmßd _| [yd© oXemH$r Am{a IßS>m[oV H$r _o∂T>`m oÒWV h°, oOg_| 17dt eVr B©Òdr H$r ]bwAm [ÀWa [a oZo_©V h° &ÒWm[À` I S> H$m oZMbm X{d H$m{apple>H$m ÒVÂ^ h° oOg_| Xm{ H$m`m{ÀgJ© _wS>m O°Z ‡oV_m (25x16x8g|._r.) h° &g{_ar Im{Oam - g{_ar Im{Oam ]a{br Vhgrb _| ]a{br g{ 28 oH$._r. [oÌM_ _| oÒWV h° &`h 22 0 56' CŒmar Ajmßg Edß 78 0 05' [ydu X{em›Va [a AdoÒWV h° & Jmßd _| 14dt eVr B©Òdr H$rVrWH$a H$r [X≤_mgZ ‡oV_m (18x10 g|._r.) h° & lr _Z]m{Y ogßh H{$ I{V> _| ]bwAm [ÀWa [a oZo_©VbJ^J 14dt eVr B©Òdr H$r ‡oV_mEß aIr h¢ oOZ_| ‡W_ H$m`m{ÀgJ© VrWH$a ‡oV_m (78x47x11g|._r.) VrWH$a H$m gmXm [mX[rR> h°, oOg [a _yoV© b{I CÀH$rU© h° & Xm{Zm| [mÌd© _| [X≤_mgZ _|VrWH$a ]°R{> h¢>& o]VmZ _|> gmV VrWH$a ‡oV_m`| CÀH$rU© h° &Oram]mS>m - Oram]mS>m ]a{br Vhgrb _| Z`m Jmßd IwX© H{$ [mg oÒWV h° & `h 23 0 05' CŒmarAjmßg Edß 78 0 20' [ydu X{em›Va [a oÒWV h° & Jmßd _| 10dt eVr B©Òdr H$r ]bwAm [ÀWa [a oZo_©VO°Z _ÒVH$ (30x20 g|._r.) h° &]mS>r IwX© - ]mS>r IwX© ]a{br Vhgrb _| ]a{br g{ 18 oH$._r. [yd© _| oÒWV h° & `h 23 0 02'CŒmar Ajmßg Edß 78 0 05' [ydu X{em›Va [a AdoÒWV h° & `hmß AmoXZmW oXJÂ]a O°Z _ßoXa ]mS>rJ´m_ H{$ oH$b{ H{$ oZH$Q> ‡mMrZ O°Z _ßoXa h°, Bg{ O°Z AoVe` j{Ã _mZm OmVm h° & `⁄o[ _ßoXa H$m[rN{> H$m ^mJ ^æ h°, Om{ o¤Vbr` Wm, _ßoXa _ybVï 12dt> 13dt eVr B©Òdr H$m ahm h° & `hmß [a oÒWVH$bmH•$oV`mß Bgr H$mb H$r h° & _wª` H$j _| ÒWmo[V O°Z VrWH$a ‡oV_m odH´$_ $gßdV≤ 1281 (B©ÒdrgZ≤ 1224) H$m b{I h°, oOg_| odH´$_moXÀ` H$r [ÀZr AmH$b` X{dr ¤mam ‡oV_m H$r ‡mU ‡oVapple>mH$amZ{ H$m CÎb{I h° & `hmß [a oÒWV ‡oV_mAm| _| ‡W_ H$m`m{ÀgJ© VrWH$a ‡oV_m h°, oOgH$m AmH$ma(115x35x22 g|._r.) h° & ‡oV_m 12dt eVr B©Òdr H$r h° & H$m`m{ÀgJ© _w–>m _| VrWH$a H{$ [mÌd©Mam|_| MmH$a Ymar g{odH$m `j-`jr od⁄mYa AmoX H$m [oaH$a [roR>H$m Edß odVmZ [a Amb{IZ h° & odVmZAh©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011 39

[a Ï`mbmH•$oV`mß ^r AßoH$V h¢ & N>Ãmdbr H{$ D$[a ]Zr amoYH$mAm|$ _| ‹`mZÒW oOZmH•$oV`mß AßoH$Vh° & _mbmYmar JßYd© JOmam{hr ^r oeÎ[mßoH$V h¢ & g\{$X ]bwAm [ÀWa [a oZo_©V `h ‡oV_m [a_maH$bmH$r _hÀd[yU© X{Z h° & o¤Vr` ‡oV_m ^r H$m`m{ÀgJ© VrWH$a H$r h°, oOgH$m AmH$ma 106x71x12g|._r. h° & ]bwAm [ÀWa [a oZo_©V oÃVrWu H$m`m{ÀgJ© ‡oV_m H$m H$mb e°brJV AmYma [a 12dteVr B©Òdr H$r h° & H$m`m{ÀgJ© ‡oV_m _| VrZ VrWH$a AßoH$V h¢ & _‹` H{$ VrWH$a H{$ Xm{Zm| Am{a ZrM{MmßdaYmar Edß N>Ãmdbr H{$ Xm{Zm| Am{a _mbmYmar Edß odVmZ [a [X≤_mgZÒW VrWH$a H{$ Xm{Zm| Am{aJOmam{hr AßoH$V h¢ & JOm| H{$ ZrM{ _•XßJdmXH$ H$m Amb{IZ h° &BgH{$ AoVoa∫$ VrZ ogaodhrZ [X≤_mgZÒW VrWH$a ‡oV_mEß bJ^J 12dt$ eVr B©Òdr H$rh°, BgH$m AmH$ma H´$_eï 50x55x28 g|._r. 56x52x34 g|._r. 54x50x27 g|._r. h° & ‡oV_mEß]bwAm [ÀWa [a oZo_©V h°, A›` H$bmH•$oV`m| _| _wª` ¤ma emIm H$m [mÌd© ^mJ (50x46x34g|._r.) [X≤_mgZ [mÌd©ZmW (45x44x48 g|._r.) Mm°H$m{a ÒVÂ^ _| CÀH$rU© (75x30x25 g|._r.)Edß oebm b{I h° & _wª` _ßoXa H{$ H$j $_| O°Z VrWH$a H$r oZÂZ ‡oV_mEß ÒWmo[V h¢ & [X≤_mgZVrWH$a AoôboIV, [mÌd©ZmW, H$m`m{ÀgJ© Edß N>m{Q>r Xm{ VrWH$a H$r ‡oV_m`| bJ^J 17dt 18dteVr B©Òdr H$r h¢ &_Îhma[wam - _Îhma[wam J°aVJßO Vhgrb _| J°aVJßO g{ XojU-[oÌM_ _| 30 oH$._r. H$r Xyar[a am`g{Z g{ [yd© _| 14 oH$._r. H$r Xyar [a oÒWV h° & `h 23 0 17' CŒmar Ajmßg Edß 77 0 16' [yduX{em›Va [a AdoÒWV h¢ & `h odemb O°Z ‡oV_m J´m_ H{$ [mg OßJb _| oÒWV h° & gß^dVï `h O°Z‡oV_m Om{ AmO ^æ‡m` h° EH$ g_` AbßH•$V $Edß gw›Xa ‡oV_m ahr h° &X{dar OmJra - X{dar OmJra ogbdmZr Vhgrb _| _ZH$m[wa g{ bJ^J EH$ oH$._r. [yd© H$rAm{a H$É{ _mJ© [a oÒWV h° & `h 23 0 15' CŒmar Ajmßg Edß 78 0 32' [ydu X{em›Va [a AdoÒWV h°&`hmß g{ oH$gr O°Z _ßoXa H{$ odVmZ H$m ^æ oeÎ[ I S> o_bm h°, oOg_| [X≤_mgZ _w–m _| _hmdraVWm CZH{$ [mÌd© _| Xm{Zm| Am{a H$m`m{ÀgJ© _w–m _| VrW©H$a ‡oVoapple>V h° & ‡oV_m H{$ ZrM{ H$bmH•$oV`m|$H$m AßH$Z h° & _hmdra H$r _wImH•$oV H{$ [rN{> ‡^m_ S>b H$m Amb{IZ h° & hÎH{$ bmb ]bwAm [ÀWaI S> [a 36x19x13 g|._r. AmH$ma _| oZo_©V hm{H$a `h ‡oV_m bJ^J 11dt 12dr eVr B©Òdr H$r‡VrV hm{Vr h° &`ht g{ bobVmgZ _w–m _| AßoH$V X{dr `jr AoÂ]H$m A[Z{ XmohZ{ hmW _| [X≤_ VWm ]mß`{ hmWg{ ]mß`r OßKm [a ]°R{> hwE [wÃ o‡`ßH$a H$m{ gÂhmb{ hw`{ h° & o‡`ßH$a X{dr H{$ Cam{O H$m{ Ò[e© H$a ahmh°, oOgg{ [wÃ H{$ dmÀgÎ` ^md Ï`∫$ hm{V{ h¢ & X{dr H{$ _ÒVH$ H{$ D$[a VWm [mÌd© _|$ Am_´ bwÂ]r H$mAmb{IZ h° & X{dr H$r H{$e amoe Hw$›VobV hm{H$a Oy∂S{> _|> Ï`doÒWV h° & Am^yfUm| _| X{dr Z{ Hw$ S>b,$hmamdbr, ÒVZgyÃ Xm{Zm| Cam{O H{$ _‹` _| bQ>H$Vm hwAm Vab gyÃ, H$oQ>gyÃ VWm [mÒ{] BÀ`moXYmaU oH$`{ h° & ‡oV_m odVmZ [a Xm{Zm| Am{a _mbmYmar Edß VrW©H$a H$r ‡oV_m`{ oeÎ[mßoH$V h° &[mR>[rR> [a [oaMmoaH$m VWm ]m`r Am{a Ï`mb VWm _‹` _| _hmdra Òdm_r H$m oMÃU h° & ]bwAm [ÀWaI S> [a 73x55x17 g|._r. AmH$ma _| oZo_©V `h ‡oV_m bJ^J 11dt 12dt eVr B©Òdr H$r ‡VrVhm{Vr h° & ‡oV_m odkmZ H$r —oÔ> g{ `h ‡oV_m CÉ ÒVar` h° & X{dr H$m gm°Â` ^md VWm [wÃ H$r dmÀgÎ`H$m{ ‡Xoe©V H$aZ{ H{$ ob`{ oeÎ[r Z{ ]∂S>r V›_`Vm VWm oZ[wUVm g{ Vamem h° &_wamar - _wamar Jm{haJßO Vhgrb _| Jm{haJßO-^m{O[wa _mJ© [a Amem[war g{ 2oH$._r. Xyar[a CŒma oXem _| oÒWV h° & `h 23 0 05 CŒmar Ajmßg Edß 77 0 39' [ydu X{em›Va [a AdoÒWV h° &Jmßd _| _mVm]mB© Zm_H$ ÒWmZ g{ ‡m· VrWH$a (70x65x35 g|._r.) [X≤_mgZ _| h° & AbßH•$V40 Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011

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oXJÂ]a O°Z CXmgrZ Aml_ Q>≠ÒQ>, B›Xm°a ¤mam ÒWmo[VHw$›XHw$›X kmZ[rR> [waÒH$malr oXJÂ]a O°Z CXmgrZ Aml_ Q>≠ÒQ>, B›Xm°a ¤mam O°Z gmohÀ` H{$ g•OZ, A‹``Z, AZwgßYmZH$m{ ‡m{ÀgmohV H$aZ{ H{$ C‘{Ì` g{ 1992 _|$ Hw$›XHw$›X kmZ[rR> [waÒH$ma H$r ÒWm[Zm H$r JB© h° & BgH{$A›VJ©V odJV 5 dfm~ _| ‡H$moeV/A‡H$moeV MòZV H•$oV`m| H{$ b{IH$ H$m{ Í$. 25,000/- H$r ZJXamoe, emb, lr\$b Edß ‡eoÒV [Ã g{ gÂ_moZV oH$`m OmVm h° & oh›Xr / AßJ´{Or _|$ oboIV H•$oV H$mM`Z oÃgXÒ`r` oZUm©`H$ _ßS>b ¤mam oH$`m OmVm h° &JV dfm~ _| [waÒH•$V od¤mZm|$ Edß CZH$r H•$oV`m|$ H$m oddaU oZÂZdV≤ h° ñ1993 gßohVmgyoa [ß. ZmWybmb O°Z emÛr, B›Xm°a, ‘‡oVapple>m ‡Xr[’1994 ‡m{. b˙_rM›– O°Z,$O]b[wa, ‘The Tao of Jaina Sciences’1995 ‡m{. ^mJM›– O°Z ë^mÒH$aí, ZmJ[wa, ‘O°Z BoVhmg, gßÒH•$oV Edß [wamVÀd ’1996 S>m∞. CX`M›– O°Z, CX`[wa‘O°Z Y_© ÒdÍ$[ odÌb{fU Edß [`m©daU gßajU (A‡H$moeV) EdßAmMm`© Jm{[rbmb ëA_aí, oXÎbr‘Jaina Solution to the Pollution of Environment (Unpublished)í1997 A‡XÀV1998 ‡m{. amYmMaU Jw·, Pmßgr, ‘O°Z JoUV (A‡H$moeV)’1999 S>m∞. ‡H$meM›– O°Z, B›Xm°a, ‘oh›Xr H{$ O°Z odbmg H$mÏ`m|$ H$m CX≤^d Am°a odH$mg(od.gß. 1520-1999 VH$) (A‡H$moeV)’2000 S>m∞. ‡⁄wÂZHw$_ma O°Z, È–[wa, ‘Jaina & Hindu Logic’2001 S>m∞. gßJrVm _{hVm, B›Xm°a‘O°Z gßÒH•$V gmohÀ` H{$ Ambm{H$ _|$ d’©_mZ _hmdra ñ EH$ A‹``Z (A‡H$moeV)’2002 S>m∞. AoZbHw$_ma O°Z, Ah_Xm]mX, ‘OrdZ ∑`m h° ? ’2003 ‡mMm`© Za{›–‡H$me O°Z, o\$am{Om]mX,g_` H{$ oebmb{I Edß oM›VZ ‡dmh2004 S>m∞. AZ{H$m›V Hw$_ma O°Z, oXÎbr, Xme©oZH$ g_›d` H$r —oÔ>ï O°Z Z`dmX EdßS>m∞. gwerbm gmboJ`m, B›Xm°a‘O°Z odf`dÒVw g{ gÂ]’ AmYwoZH$ oh›Xr _hmH$mÏ`m|$ _| gm_moOH$ M{VZm ’2005 ‡m{. _hmdra amO J{b∂S>m, O`[wa, ‘Science in Jainism’2006 ‡m{. ZobZ H{$. $emÛr, oXÎbr, ‘Z_mo_ H$m gÂ[mXZ ’2007 A‡XŒm2008 S>m∞. godVm O°Z, CÇm°Z,"O°Z gmohÀ` b{IZ, gÂ[mXZ Edß ‡H$meZ H{$ j{Ã _|$ g_J´ `m{JXmZ'2009 ‡m{. ‡{_gw_Z O°Z, CX`[wa,"‡mH•$V $^mfm, gmohÀ` H{$ A‹``Z, AZwgßYmZ Edß ‡Mma h{Vw'2010 Edß 2011 H{$ [waÒH$mam| H$r Km{fUm erK´ H$r Om`{Jr &S>m∞. AoOV H$mgbrdmb ‡m{. E.E. A„]mgr S>m∞. AZw[_ O°ZA‹`j _mZX oZX{eH$ _mZX goMdHw$›XHw$›X kmZ[rR>, B›Xm°a31.03.1148 Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011

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h° H$m`m{ÀgJ© _w–m _| `h ‡oV_m _wHw$Q>, $Hw$ S>b, ^wO]ßY, Hß$JZ Am°a Ym{Vr g{ `w∫$ h° & Ym{Vr H{$ Xm{N>m{a _‹` _|$]±Y{ hwE bham ah{ h¢ & ^wO]±Y _oU_` ÒdU©_mb `w∫$ h°, Xm`| H$mZ _| _m{Vr H$m Hw$ S>b$bQ>H$ ahm h° Am°a ]m`| _| _H$a Hw$ S>b $‡VrV hm{Vm h° & oÃHw$Q> (oÃH$m{UmÀ_H$) _wHw$Q> _‹` _|$ ]∂S>rAm°a Xwha{ My∂S>m_oU `w∫$ [V© VWm Xm{Zm| Am{a Xm{ N>m{Q>r [Vm~ g{ oZo_©V h° & J´rdm _| _Zm{ha EH$mdbrh° &Z`Zm| _| aßoOV aOV, Om{ Yyo_b [∂S> MwH$r h°, odÒV•V ÒHß$Ym|$ `w∫$ X{h, gwodH$ogV djÒWb,Hw$N>ñHw$N> jrU H$oQ>-‡X{e, gwßXa _wI, oH$Zmar [a _oUH$mAm|$`w∫$ A S>mH$ma ‡^m_ S>b VWmAo^b{I H$r [wamobo[ H{$ AmYma [a h_ Bg H$mßÒ` _yoV© H$m{ bJ^J N>R>r eVr H{$ _‹`H$mb H$m _mZgH$V{ h° & 28Mm°gm - o]hma _|$Amam H{$ g_r[ Mm°gm Zm_H$ ÒWmZ g{ 6 Jw·H$mbrZ oOZ _yoV©`m±$ o_br h¢,Om{ gÂ‡oV [Q>Zm gßJ´hmb` _| h¢ & 29 `{ ghO AmH$f© m Am°a Ao^Ïò∫$ H$r C[`w∫$Vm Xem©Vr h¢ & BZ_|g{ Xm{ AmR>d| VrWH$a M›–‡^ H$r h¢ O°gm oH$ CZH{$ [oaM` oM›h (AY©Mß–) g{ Ò[Ô> h°, Om{ oeaÌMH´$H{$ D$[a _‹` _|$oXIm`m J`m h° & A›` Xm{ ‡oV_mE± ‡W_ VrWH$a F$f^X{d H$r h¢, oOZH$r [hMmZCZH{$ Hß$Ym|$ VH$ Am`{ ]mbm| H{$ H$maU hm{ gH$r h° & e{f Xm{ jrU hm{ OmZ{ Am°a Bg H$maU oddaUm| H$m[Vm Zht bJ [mZ{ g{ [hMmZr Zht Om gH$r h¢ & g^r VrWH$am| H$m{ [mX[rR> [a ‹`mZ _w–m _| AmgrZAßoH$V oH$`m J`m h° Am°a g^r H{$ dj H{$ _‹` _|$lrdÀg oM›h VWm [rN{> H$r Am{a oeaÌMH´$ h¢$ & oOg_yoV© H$m oeaÌMH´$ A] bw· hm{ J`m h°, CgH{$ [rN{> H$r Myb g{ kmV hm{Vm h° oH$ dhm±> [hb{ oeaÌMH´$Wm& 30 VrWH$a F$f^X{d H$r Xm{ ‡oV_mAm| _| g{ EH$ IS>JmgZ _w–m _| h° & S>m∞.]r.[r.ogßh Z{ Bg ‡oV_mH$m{ o]hma g{ ‡m· [mb H$mbrZ ‡oV_mAm| H$r H$m{oQ> _| aIm h°, oHß$Vw AßJm| H$r gßaMZm, H{$eod›`mgEdß ‡^m_ S>b H$r em{^m H{$ AmYma [a `h ‡oV_m Jw·H$mbrZ ‡VrV hm{Vr h° & 31X{dJ∂T> - X{dJ∂T> _|> _yoV©`m| H$m oZ_m©U ‡MwaVm g{ hwAm & CZH$r gßª`m Am°a ododYVm g{ ‡VrVhm{Vm h° oH$ `hm± ]hwV ]∂S>m _yoV© oZ_m©U H{$›– Wm, Jw·H$mb H$r AZ{H$ _yoV©`m± `hm± C[b„Y h¢ &_yoV©H$bm H$r —oÔ> g{ X{dJ∂T> H$r A[Zr ÒdVßÃ e°br Wr, Om{ Jw·H$mb _| Ò[Ô>Va hm{ CR>r &X{dJ∂T> _| A›` _yoV©`m| H$r A[{jm VrWH$am| H$r _yoV©`m± H$B© JwZm AoYH$ h° & _wª` Í$[ g{AmoXZmW, [mÌd©ZmW, Z{o_ZmW, _hmdra Am°a emßoVZmW H$r _yoV©`mß h° & ]hwgßª`H$ _yoV©`m| [a bmßN>ZZht o_bVm h° & ‡m`ï g^r oeb[≈>m| [a CÀH$rU© H$r JB© h° & o¤-_yoV©H$m`|, oÃ_yoV©H$m`|, gd©Vm{^mo–H$m`|Am°a MVwodeoV[≈> ‡MwaVm g{ C[b„Y h° & ¤mam| [a ^r VrWH$a _yoV©`m| H$m AßH$Z hwAm h° & ‡m`ï g^r_yoV©`m| H{$ gmW o^fiño^fi Í$[ g{ Hw$N> [aÂ[amAm| H$m oZdm©h oH$`m J`m h° & Jw·H$mb VH$ AmV{ñAmV{X{dJ∂T> H$m H$bmH$ma _yoV©`m| _| gOrdVm Am°a ^mdZm H$m gßMma H$aZ{ _| [yU© g\$b hm{ OmVm h° & `⁄o[AbßH$aU H$r gmXJr ]Zr ahr, `yZmZr ‡^md bw· hm{H$a ^maVr` AmH•$oV$[yU© Í$[ g{ gm_Z{ Am OmVrh° &Jw·m| H$m H$bm‡{_ Am°a CÀH•$Ô> ÈoM CZH{$ `wJ H$r ‡À`{H$ H•$oV g{ Q>[H$Vr h° & Jw·H$mbrZ H$bmH$m CÀH$f© Jw·-gm_´m¡` H{$ oZïe{f hm{ OmZ{ [a ^r bJ^J gm° df© VH$ ]Zm ahm & AWm©V≤ Ohm±$ VH$H$bm H$m gß]ßY h°, 320 B©. g{ 600 B©. VH$ Jw·H$mb oJZm OmVm h° & `⁄o[ Jw· _yoV©H$bm dmH$mQ>H$_yoV©H$bm H$r hr [aÂ[am h°, oHß$Vw Jw· BVZ{ gwgßÒH•$V W{ Am°a CZH$r H$bmo^ÈoM BVZr goH´$` WroH$ Cg H$mb H$r g_yoM H$bm H•$oV [a Mmh{ dh Jw·-gm_´m¡` _|$ ahr hm{ Mmh{ dmH$mQ>H$-gm_´m¡` _|,56 Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011

Jw· gm_´m¡` _mZZm [∂S>Vm h° Am°a Bgr H$maU Cg H$mb H$r, ^maV hr Zht ¤r[ÒW ^maV VH$ H$r,_yoV©H$bm Jw·H$bm H$hr OmVr h° & 32_Wwam, amOoJa, odoXem, ZMZm (gram [hm∂S>r), CXòJoa, H$hm°_, dmamUgr, AH$m{Q>m, Mm°gmVWm X{dJ∂T> AmoX ÒWmZm| g{ ‡m· VrWH$a _yoV©`m| g{ E{gm ‡VrV hm{Vm h° oH$ Jw·H$mb _| VrWH$a‡oV_mAm| H{$ H$B©$oZ_m©U H{$›– W{ & Bgr H$mb H$r AZ{H$ O°Z ‡oV_m`|$ Ωdmobà H{$ [mg oH$b{, ]y∂T>rMßX{ar AmoX ÒWmZm|> g{ ‡m· hwB© h¢ &C[`w©∫$ dU©Z g{ `h Ò[Ô> h° oH$ Jw·H$mb _| O°Z _yoV©`m| H$m{ CÀH$rU© H$aZ{ VWm C›h| ‡oVapple>mo[VH$aZ{ H$m H$m`© ‡MobV ahm &[Q>Zm gßJ´hmb` _| gßJ´hrV Mm°gm Zm_H$ ÒWmZ g{ o_brVrWH$a F$f^ZmW H$r Jw·H$mbrZ, H$mßÒ`_yoV©33gßX^© gyMr ï-1. oVdmar, _mÈoVZßXZ ‡gmX, O°Z ‡oV_m odkmZ, [mÌd©ZmW od⁄ml_ em{Y gßÒWmZ, dmamUgr, 1981,[•. 19,202. oVdmar, _mÈoVZßXZ ‡gmX, dhr3. Om{er, ZrbH$ R> [wÈfm{Œm_, "_Wwam', O°Z H$bm Edß ÒWm[À` (I S>-1), ^maVr` kmZ[rR>, ZB©oXÎbr,1957, [•. 107-1174. Jw· gm_´m¡` H$m BoVhmg, [•. 2905. O°Z, hrambmb, ^maVr` gßÒH•$oV$ _| O°ZY_© H$m `m{JXmZ, _‹`‡X{e emgZ gmohÀ` [oafX, ^m{[mb,1962, [•. 346Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011 57

6. ^mÒH$a, ^mJMß–, O°Z Xe©Z Am°a gßÒH•$oV$ H$m BoVhmg, ZmJ[wa od⁄m[rR> ‡H$meZ, 1977, [•. 343-447. Om{er, ZrbH$ R>, [wÈfm{Œm_, dhr, [•. 1128. O°Z, hrambmb, dhr, [•. 3479. dhr10. oVdmar, _mÈoVZßXZ ‡gmX, dhr, [•. 5011. o_l, am_ZmW, "[yd© ^maV', O°Z H$bm Edß ÒWm[À`, (I S>-1), [•. 12812. O°Z, ZraO, "_JY Za{e _hmamOmoYamO am_Jw·', Ah©V≤ dMZ, (BßXm°a), df© 20, AßH$-1, [•. 37-4413. gm·mohH$ oh›XwÒVmZ, g_mMma [Ã, 30 _mM©, 1969, [•. 1014. ]mO[{`r, H•$ÓUXŒm, Bo S>`Z ›`y_Ò_°oQ>H$ ÒQ>S>rO, [ß. 16915. emh, C_mH$mßV, "_‹` ^maV', O°Z H$bm Edß ÒWm[À` (I S>-1), [•. 13316. ]mÒ{`r, _YyobH$m, _‹`‡X{e _| O°Z Y_© H$m odH$mg, am_mZßX od⁄m^dZ, ZB©oXÎbr, 1989,[•. 12317. dhr, [•. 123-12418. emh, C_mH$mßV, dhr, [•. 13519. O°Z, ZraO "Vwbgr gßJ´hmb`, am_dZ H$m O°Z [wamVÀd', AZ{H$mßV, drag{dm _ßoXa, ZB©oXÎbr, df©16, AßH$-6, [•. 27920. [mR>H$, Za{e, _‹`‡X{e H$m O°Z oeÎ[, Hw$›XHw$›X kmZ[rR>, BßXm°a, 2001, [•. 25021. dhr22. dhr, [•. 250-5123. oVdmar, _mÈoVZßXZ ‡gmX, dhr, [•. 5124. dhr25. emh, C_mH$mßV, dhr, [•. 14026. dhr27. dhr, [•. 14328. dhr, [•. 143-4429. Simith, V.A., A History of fine Art in India & Ceylon, PI-40A30. o_l, am_ZmW, dhr, [•. 130-3131. ogßh, dr.[r., ^maVr` H$bm H$m{ o]hma H$r X{Z, [•. 13632. O°Z, ^mJMß–, X{dJ∂T> H$r O°Z H$bm, ^maVr` kmZ[rR> ‡H$meZ, ZB©oXÎbr, 1974, [•. 6833. A_bmZ›X Km{f, O°Z H$bm Edß ÒWm[À`‡m·ï 31.12.200958 Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011

Ah©V≤ dMZHw$›XHw$›X kmZ[rR>, B›Xm°adf© - 23, AßH$ - 1-2, OZdar-OyZ 2011, 59-64XßgUH$haÙH$aßSw> [m Sw>obo[ ï EH$ [oaM` Y_}>›– O°Z *lkjka'kizkd`r Hkk"kk dk gh fodflr ljy :i viHkza'k Hkk"kk gSA bldk lk{kkr~lEcU/k fgUnh Hkk"kk ls gS rFkk if'peksÙkj Hkkjr dh vU; Hkk"kkvksa dk lzksrHkh ;gh viHkza'k Hkk"kk ekuh tkrh gSA 7oha 'krkCnh ds ckn viHkaz'k Hkk"kk esafoiqy lkfgR; fy[kk tkus yxk FkkA 10oha ls 17oha 'krkCnh rd rks lkfgR;dh vusd fo/kkvksa esa viHkza'k Hkk"kk ds lkfgR; dk l`tu gqvkA fiNys 200o"kks± esa viHkza'k lkfgR; ds ys[ku] iBu&ikBu dh ijEijk yqIrizk; gks xbZFkhA rc MkW- geZu tSdksch] fjpMZ fi'ksy] fiVlZu] MkW- vkYlMkWQZ ,oa MkWxq.ks]ih-,y- oS|] MkW- gfjoYyHk Hkk;k.kh] MkW- ghjkyky tSu vkfn ns'kh; ,oaoSnsf'kd fo}kuksa us orZeku esa viHkza'k txr~ esa v/;;u@vuqla/kku@lEiknudh ØkfUr mRiUu dh FkhA bl ØkfUr&lw;Z dh dqN fdj.ksa fodh.kZ gqbZ fdUrq]vkt Hkh izkd`r&viHkza'k ds dbZ izkphu xzUFkksa dk v/;;u@vuqlU/kku@lEiknu'ks"k gSA ;g dk;Z vusd 'krkfCn;ksa dh vis{kk j[krk gSAizkd`r&viHkza'k dh gtkjksa ik.Mqfyfi;k¡ vHkh xzUFk Hk.Mkjksa esa gSa] ftudklEiknu@vuqokn 'ks"k gSA lEiknu@vuqokn rks cgqr nwj dh ckr gS] fdUrqizkd`r] viHkza'k ik.Mqfyfi;ksa dh v|kof/k ,d O;ofLFkr vuqØef.kdk HkhrS;kj ugha gSA xqtjkr vkSj jktLFkku esa izkd`r&viHkza'k Hkk"kk dh lokZf/kdik.Mqfyfi;k¡ gSaA jktLFkku ds t;iqj 'kgj esa Hkh izkd`r&viHkza'k dh lSadM+ksavlEikfnr nqyZHk ik.Mqfyfi;k¡ fo|eku gSaA ik.Mqfyfi;ksa dh [kkst esa ,dnal.kdgj;.kdjaMq uked ik.Mqfyfi dh vusd izfr;k¡ t;iqj ds vusdHk.Mkjksa esa fo|eku gSaA ;g xzUFk tSuijEijkuqlkj Jkod dh vkpkj lafgrkdk foLrkj ls o.kZu djrk gSA vkpkj lafgrk ijd xzUFk gksus ij Hkh blesadkO;kRed xq.koÙkk gSA vr% bls dkO; dksfV dk xzUFk dgk tk ldrk gSAnal.kdgj;.kdjaMq xzUFk n'kZu'kkL=] vkpkj 'kkL= ,oa Hkkjrh; thouewY;ksadh n`f"V ls vR;Ur egÙoiw.kZ gSAizkd`r Hkk"kk dk gh fodflr ljy :i viHkza'k Hkk"kk gSA bldk lk{kkr~laca/k fgUnh Hkk"kk ls gS rFkk if'peksÙkj Hkkjr dh vU; Hkk"kkvksa dk lzksr Hkh ;ghviHkza'k Hkk"kk ekuh tkrh gSA 7oha 'krkCnh ds ckn viHkaz'k Hkk"kk esa foiqy lkfgR; fy[kktkus yxk FkkA 10oha ls 17oha 'krkCnh rd rks viHkza'k lkfgR; dh vusd fo/kkvksa esaAh©V≤ * odH$mg dMZ, ‡moYH$mar 23 (1-2), (‡mH•$V) 2011 amÔ>≠r` gßÒH•$V gßÒWmZ, O`[wa - [oaga, oÃd{Ur ZJa, O`[wa-302018 59

viHkza'k Hkk"kk dk lkfgR; l`tu gqvkA fiNys 200 o"kks± esa viHkza'k lkfgR; ds ys[ku]iBu&ikBu dh ijEijk yqIr izk;% gks xbZ FkhA rc MkW- geZu tSdksch] fjpMZ fi'ksy]fiVlZu] MkW- vkYlMkWQZ ,oa MkW- xq.ks] ih-,y- oS|] MkW- gfjoYyHk Hkk;k.kh] MkW- ghjkykytSu vkfn ns'kh; ,oa oSnsf'kd fo}kuksa us orZeku esa viHkza'k txr~ esa v/;;u@vuqla/kku@lEiknu dh ØkfUr mRiUu dh FkhA bl ØkfUr&lw;Z dh dqN fdj.ksa fodh.kZgqbZ fdUrq] vkt Hkh izkd`r&viHkza'k ds dbZ izkphu xzUFkksa dk v/;;u@vuqlU/kku@lEiknu'ks"k gSA ;g dk;Z vusd 'krkfCn;ksa dh vis{kk j[krk gSAizkd`r&viHkza'k dh gtkjksa ik.Mqfyfi;k¡ vHkh xzUFk Hk.Mkjksa esa gSa] ftudklEiknu@vuqokn 'ks"k gSA lEiknu@vuqokn rks cgqr nwj dh ckr gS] fdUrq izkd`rviHkza'k ik.Mqfyfi;ksa dh v|kof/k ,d O;ofLFkr vuqØef.kdk Hkh rS;kj ugha gSA xqtjkrvkSj jktLFkku esa izkd`r&viHkza'k Hkk"kk dh lokZf/kd ik.Mqfyfi;k¡ gSaA jktLFkku dst;iqj 'kgj esa Hkh izkd`r&viHkza'k dh lSadM+ksa vlEikfnr nqyZHk ik.Mqfyfi;k¡ fo|ekugSaA ik.Mqfyfi;ksa dh [kkst esa ,d nal.kdgj;.kdjaMq uked ,d ik.Mqfyfi dh vusdizfr;k¡ t;iqj ds vusd Hk.Mkjksa esa fo|eku gSaA ftudk ifjp; Øe'k% bl izdkj gSa&¼1½ vkesj 'kkL=&Hk.Mkj] viHkza'k lkfgR;&vdkneh] ukjk;.k flag lfdZy]lokbZekuflag jksM] t;iqj] blesa nal.kdgj;.kdjaMq dh 5 izfr;k¡ fo|eku gSaA ;s lHkhizfr;k¡ vyx&vyx le; dh gSA 1- os"Bu la- 878 & ;g ik.Mqfyfi fo-la- 1582dh gSA bldh iz'kfLr esa ,slk mYys[k gSA 159 i=ksa okyh ;g ik.Mqfyfi gS vkSj lqLi"Vv{kjksa okyh gS] ?kafV;kyhiqj LFkku esa ;g fy[kh xbZ FkhA 2- nwljh ik.Mqfyfi Hkh vkesj'kkL= Hk.Mkj esa gSA bldk os"Bu la- 879 gSA fyfidky la- 1589 gSA i= la[;k 123gSA ;g ik.Mqfyfi iw.kZ gSA ;g iw.kZr% Hkhx xbZ FkhA bldk th.kksZ)kj djk;k x;kgSA jk"Vªh; ik.Mqfyfi fe'ku dh ik.Mqfyfi laj{k.k'kkyk esa fpids i=ksa dks vyxdjkdj bl ik.Mqfyfi dks lqjf{kr fd;k x;k gSA bldk ys[ku LFkku pEikorh gS],slk iz'kfLr esa mYys[k gSA 3- rhljk os"Bu la- 880 gSA i= la- -157 gSA bl ik.Mqfyfidk fyfi dky laor~ 1563 gSA blds i= Hkh fpid x;s FksA jk"Vªh; ik.Mqfyfi fe'kudh laj{k.k'kkyk esa bldk mipkj djkdj bls lqjf{kr fd;k gSA bldh iz'kfLr viw.kZgsA 4- os"Bu la- 881 gSA i= la- 145 gSA ;g izfr Hkh Hkhx xbZ FkhA bldks jk"Vªh;fe'ku dh ik.Mqfyfi laj{k.k'kkyk esa mipkj djkdj lqjf{kr fd;k gSA bl ik.Mqfyfidk fyfidky la- 1614 gSA ;g Hkh Li"V v{kjksa okyh gSA 5- os"Vu la- 882 gSA i=la[;k 189 gSA fyfidky 1582 gSA bldh iz'kfLr viw.kZ gSAfnxEcj tSu egkla?k] rsjkiaFkh cM+k efUnj esa Hkh nal.kdgj;.kdjaMq uked xzUFkdh 3 izfr;k¡ miyC/k gSaA izFke ik.Mqfyfi dh os"Vu la[;k 1490 gSA Øekad 1691gSA blesa 142 i= gSA ;g vR;Ur th.kZ vkSj vLi"V gSA i= la[;k 1 QVk gSA i=la[;k 137 ugha gSA nwljh izfr dk os"Vu la[;k 1491 gSA bldk Øekad 1692 gSA;g izfr viw.kZ rFkk iz'kfLr jfgr gSA blesa i= la[;k 6 ls 122 rd ¼117½ gSA izfrvR;Ur th.kZ gSA bldks jk"Vªh; ik.Mqfyfi fe'ku dh laj{k.k'kkyk esa mipkj djkdjlqjf{kr fd;k gSA fnxEcj tSu rsjkiaFkh efUnj esa ,d izfr vkSj gS ftldk os"Vu la[;k60 Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011

2378 gS fdUrq og izfr vHkh rd miyC/k ugha gks ikbZ gSA ¼2½ ukxkSj ds fo'kky xzUFkHk.Mkj esa Hkh bl ik.Mqfyfi dh 2 izfr;k¡ gSaA ,slh lwpuk jktLFkku fo'ofo|ky;]tSu vuq'khyu dsUnz ls izdkf'kr dsVykWx }kjk izkIr gqbZ gS1]2AjpukdÙkkZ ,oa jpukdky&nal.kdgj;.kdjaMq dh jpuk foØe lEor~ 1123 ¼bZLoh lu~ 1066½ esa Jhpandfo us dh FkhA jpukdrkZ Jhpan dfo tc Jkod Fks] rHkh mUgksaus bl xzUFk dh jpukizkjEHk dh FkhA xzUFkdkj ds fy, nal.kdgj;.kdjaMq dh 16 laf/k ds ckn dh izR;sdlaf/k ds vUr esa iqf"idk okD;ksa esa eqfu mikf/k mfYyf[kr gSA blls yxrk gS fdos thou ds mÙkjk/kZ esa R;kx] oSjkX;] la;e dh ewfrZ:i eqfu gks x;s FksA 1 ls 16rd laf/k;ksa esa dfo rFkk if.Mr mikf/k fyf[kr gS] blls ;g Hkh izrhr gksrk gSa fdJhpan dfo bl laf/k ds fy[ks tkus rd Jkod vFkkZr~ ln~x`gLFk gh FksA dfo vkSjif.Mr mikf/k ls fl) gksrk gS fd Jhpan dfo] lkfgR;] n'kZu ,oa v/;kRe ds mn~HkVfo}ku~ FksA eqfu mikf/k ls muds oSjkX;] R;kx ,oa la;e dk Kku gksrk gS3 AJhpan dfo dh v|kof/k ek= nks jpuk,¡ izkIr gSa& 1- nal.kdgj;.kdjaMq2- dgkdkslqA dgkdkslq dk lEiknu rks gks pqdk gS fdUrq mldk fgUnh vuqoknv|kof/k ugha gqvk gSA 4 nal.kdgj;.kdjaMq dk vkt rd lEiknu Hkh ugha gqvk gSAbldk izdk'ku izkd`r xzUFk ifj"kn~] Lok/;k; e.My] tSuuxj] ikyMh] vgenkckn¼xqtjkr½ ls gqvk gSAnal.kdgj;.kdjaMq uked xzUFk rRdkyhu d.kZujs'k ds jkT; esa Jhekyiqj esafy[kk x;k FkkA d.kZ lksyadh ujs'k Hkhenso ds izFke mÙkjkf/kdkjh Fks vkSj mUgksaus bZLohlu~ 1064 ls 1094 rd jkT; fd;k FkkA Jheky vijuke Hkhueky nf{k.k ekjokM+dh jkt/kkuh FkhA lksyadh ujs'k Hkhenso us lu~ 1060 esa ogk¡ ds ijekjoa'kh jktkd`".kjkt dks ijkftr dj cUnhx`g esa Mky fn;k Fkk vkSj Hkhueky ij viukvf/kdkj tek fy;k Fkk tks muds mÙkjkf/kdkjh jktk d.kZ rd fLFkj jgk izrhr gksrkgSAxzUFk dk izfrik| fo"k;&nal.kdgj;.kdjaMq xzUFk izkd`r&viHkza'k lkfgR; dk izfrfuf/k xzUFk gSA blesalUnHkZ 'yksdksa ds :i esa laLd`r Hkh gSA blesa tSu ijEijk ds vuqlkj Jkod dhvkpkj&lafgrk dk foLrkj ls o.kZu gSA Hkkjrh; ijEijk esa x`gLFk dSlk gksuk pkfg,]bldk mÙkj bl xzUFk esa lgt:i ls izkIr gksrk gSA tSu ijEijk esa lIr ije LFkkuekus x;s gSaA muesa ln~x`gLFk dks Hkh bu lIr ijeLFkkuksa esa fxuk gSA mDr xzUFkln~x`gLFkkpkj@Jkodkpkj dk foLrkj ls o.kZu djrk gSAnal.kdgj;.kdjaMq xzUFk esa 21 lfU/k;k¡ gSaA izFke lfU/k esa nso] xq# vkSj /keZrFkk xq.knks"kksa dk o.kZu gSaA blesa 39 dM+od gSaA mÙke{kekfn n'k/keZ] 22 ijh"kg]iapkpkj] 12 ri vkfn dk dFku fd;k gSA iapkfLrdk; vkSj "kM~nzO;dk o.kZu Hkh blhlfU/k esa vk;k gSA leLr deks± ds Hksn&izHksn dk dFku Hkh izkIr gksrk gSA dfo usukedeZ dh 42 izd`fr;ksa dk foLrkj ls o.kZu fd;k gSAAh©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011 61

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lUnHkZ&1- lk{kkr~ mu&mu Hk.Mkjksa dk voyksdu ,oa QksVksLVsV rFkk fMftVy QksVk }kjk ik.Mqfyfi;ksadh izkfIrA2- Øe'k% 7 ik.Mqfyfi;k¡ izFke rFkk vfUre i`"V ¼ nal.kdgj;.kdjaMq n'kZudFkkjRudj.M½A3- 'kkL=h usfepUnz] rhFk±dj egkohj vkSj mudh vkpk;Z ijEijk] i`"B& 1344- mik/;s ,-,u-] izkd`rxzUFk ifj"kn~] Lok/;k; e.My] tSuuxj] ikyM+h] vgenkckn ¼xqtjkr½5- 'kkL=h usfepUnz] rhFk±dj egkohj vkSj mudh vkpk;Z ijEijk] i`"B & 135la'kks/kuksijkUr izkIr % 15-01-11[oaoeÔ>O°Z od⁄m gßÒWmZ, O`[wa _| gßJ´hrV XßgUH$haÙH$aßSw> H$r>[mßSw>obo[ (d{.gß.-878) H$m ‡W_ [•apple>Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011 63

O°Z od⁄m gßÒWmZ, O`[wa _| gßJ´hrV [mßSw>obo[ (d{.gß.-878) H{$ 2 [•apple>64 Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011

Vol. - 23, Issue 1-2, January - June 2011, 65-71ARHAT VACANAKundakunda Jñånapî²ha, IndorerSpirituality and Health Saroj Kothari*ABSTRACTSpirituality is considered as something abstract which isconcerned with the higher aspects of life, eternal joy and bliss beyondthe precinct of sense pleasures. The spiritual means to be in touchwith some larger, deeper, richer whole that puts our present limitedsituation into a new perspective. It is to have a sense of ‘somethingbeyond’ of ‘something more’ that confers added meaning and valueon where we are now. Spiritual inspirations are considered as arare blessing and it is believed that through the path of spiritualisma man attains perfection, immortality and ultimate fulfillment. Itcarries different meaning from one part of the globe to the otherpart. But every one seems to agree that the spiritual aspect of one’slife is intimately related to the mental processes i.e. mind : andaffects the psychic functions of an individual. It is identified withsomething super conscious, supernatural and towards divinity.Spirituality is the basic feeling of being connected with one’scomplete self, others and the entire universe.Health is a state of Physical, Mental, Social and Spiritual wellbeing and not just the absence of disease or infirmity, Health isperceived as a multidimensional process involving the well-beingof the whole person in the context of the environment, Religiousinvolvement and spirituality are associated with better healthoutcomes, including greater longevity, coping skills and healthrelated quality of life and less anxiety.Spirituality :One of the most profound new insights of twentieth century science is thatwholes can be greater than the sum of their parts. The whole contains a richness,a perspective, a dimensionality not possessed by the parts. Here science helpsus to understand the spiritual. The ‘Spiritual’ means to be in touch with somelarger, deeper, richer whole that puts our present limited situation into a newperspective. It is to have a sense of ‘something beyond’ or ‘ something more’that confers added meaning and value on where we are now. Danah Zohar andIan marshal (2000) claim that ‘SQ’ is our ultimate intelligence. SQ (SpiritualArhat *65Prof. and Vacana, Head, Department 23 (1-2), 2011 of Psychology, Govt. M.L.B. P.G. Girls Arhat College, Vacana, Fort, Indore 17(2-3), - 452006 2005 65

Quotient) is the necessary foundation for the effective functioning of both IQ(Intelligence Quotient) and EQ (Emotional Quotient). IQ and EQ clevernessand empathy, are not enough. So many clever, empathetic people feel there’san emptiness in the centre of their lives. Spirituality or spiritualism is consideredas something abstract which is concerned with the higher aspects of life. It carriesdifferent meaning from one part of the globe to the other part. But every oneseems to agree that the spiritual aspect of one’s life is intimately related to themental processes i.e. mind; and affects the psychic functions of an individual.The spiritualism in India and many eastern countries is recognized as a way oflife with eternal joy and bliss beyond the precinct of sense pleasures. It isidentified with something super conscious, supernatural and towards divinity.Spiritual inspirations are considered as a rare blessing and it is believed thatthrough the path of spiritualism a man attains perfection, immortality and ultimatefulfillment. The spiritual experiences not only brings the knowledge of superconsciousness but also solves the problem of unconscious mind. The spiritualjoy is considered more super than the intellectual joy which, in turn, is higherthan the sense pleasures; as it does not lead to frustration and disappointmentbut provide ultimate satisfaction(yatiswarananda, 1979). Classical Indian thoughtis a treasure grove of psychological thought waiting to be harvested. It iscomprehensive and holistic. The Indian vedanta philosophy describes fourapproaches for making advance in the spiritual life namely Karma yoga, RajaYoga, Bhakti Yoga and Jnana Yoga.Webster’s dictionary defines spirit as ‘the animating or vital principle’,that which gives life to the physical organism in contrast to its material elements,the breath of life. Human beings are essentially spiritual creatures because weare driven by a need to ask ‘fundamental’ or ‘ultimate’ questions. SQ allowshuman beings to be creative, to change the rules and to alter situations. It allowsus to play with the boundaries, to play an’ infinite game. (carse, 1986).The major issue on people’s minds today is meaning. SQ has no necessaryconnection to religion. For some people, SQ may find a mode of expressionthrough formal religion, but being religious doesn’t guarantee high SQ.Spiritually Intelligent people is not the same as being religious, neurologistshave identified a ‘God Spot’ in our brain that triggers our need to search formeaning in life. People with spiritual intelligence have the ability to assess whetherone course of action or life path is more meaningful than another and plan theirfuture and solve problem that adds value to their lives. First in the early 1990sresearch was carried out by neurophysiologist Michael Persinger (1996) andin 1998, by neurologist V.S. Ramchandran at the university of California, onthe existence of a ‘God Spot’ in the human brain. This built in spiritual centre islocated among neural connections in the temporal lobe of the brain.66Arhat Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011

The science of spirituality is a study or human possibilities. It is a result ofthe search for an integral vision of life and consciousness. It strives to take atotal look at nature, man and the future potential of humanity ( Kaw, 2000).Sharma’s (1999) says that Himalayan gurus along the way give simpleadvice, such as, ‘What lies behind you and what lies before you is nothingcompared to what lies within you’.Spiritual Dimensions of Health and wellnessHealth is a state of Physical, Mental, Social and Spiritual well being andnot just the absence of disease or infirmity. According to Bisht (1985), the needfor a new definition of health as a state beyond the mere absence of disease hasbeen recognized by health professionals in the last few decades. It has beenincreasingly realized that the maintenance of health encompasses in addition totreatment of physical diseases, coping mechanisms to deal with psychologicalstress, prevention through changes in the environment, promotion of healthylifestyles and general well-being. Illness is now considered to be physiologicallyand chemically based, but socially and culturally conditioned. Health is perceivedas a multidimensional process involving the well-being of the whole person inthe context of the environment. The ‘perfect’ functioning approach to healthconceptualizes health: biologically as a state in which every cell and every organis functioning at optimum capacity and in perfect harmony with the rest of thebody; Psychologically as a state in which the individual feels a sense of subjectivewell-being and of mastery over his environment ; and socially as a state inwhich the individuals capacities for participation in the social system are optimal.another milestone towards a new definition of health was created in 1978, whenon the initiative of the Indian representatives on the executive board of WHO, itwas proposed that the definition of health be enlarged to cover spiritual wellbeingin addition to the physical, mental and social well-being.Modern culture is spiritually dumb, no only in the West but also,increasingly, in those Asian countries influenced by the West, By spirituallydumb mean we have lost our sense of fundamental values. Despite our materialrichness and technological expertise, our lives lack something fundamental.Collective SQ is low in modern society. We live in a spiritually dumb culturecharacterised by materialism, expediency, narrowed self centeredness, lack ofmeaning and dearth of commitment.Some doctors and healthcare professionals, are starting to see diseasedifferently. They regard it is a crying out of the body and its parts for attentionto something in our lives which, if left unattended, will lead to irrevocabledamage or lasting physical, emotional and or spiritual distress and even death,It may be our attitudes or life styles that are causing the problem, rather thanArhat 67 Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011Arhat Vacana, 17(2-3), 2005 67

any chemical inbalances. In the words of doctors, patients, scientists and policymakers. who in June,1999 attended an international meeting in Britain to explorethese ideas, much of the suffering consists of ‘diseases of meaning’. The searchfor meaning is evident in so many aspects of our lives, What is my life allabout? What does my job mean? This relationship? What does it mean that I amgoing to die some day? People living in earlier societies would not even haveasked such questions. Their lives were culturally embedded in a set framework.They had living traditions, living gods, living communities, functioning moralcodes, problems that had known boundaries and fixed goals. But in moderntimes we have lost what some philosophers call the ‘taken for-granted ness’of life, We are left with existential or spiritual problems and with the need tocultivate a kind of intelligence’ spiritual intelligence’ that can deal with them.Effect of religious and spiritual beliefs and practiceson health and wellness:The Spiritualism is identified with something super conscious, super naturaland towards divinity. Spiritual inspirations are considered as a rare blessing andit is believed that through the path of spiritualism a man attains perfection,immortality and ultimate fulfillment. Yogas had been a subject of great research.It is found that to attain super conscious state one is required to pass thoughvarious stages of yoga. Vahia 1973, Selvamurthy 1983 & De’Souza 1984 reportthat yoga has a positive influence in stress management and relief of anxietyand mental tension. Orme Johnson (1973) found that meditation stabilizes theautonomic nervous system and make a person withstand environmental stressesbetter. As per Bhamgara (1990), spiritual dimension of health pervades all otherdimensions of health i.e. physical, mental and social. The Vipasana meditationmay also help in deaddiction. Naidu and Pande (1988) presented an interimresearch report on non- attachment and health. The results indicated that thosewho were non-attached, though they experienced as many events as their attachedcounterparts, did not get as distressed by these events. Non-attached persons,compared to less non-attached subjects, perceived lesser degree of stress, exhibitfewer symptoms of strain and show a smaller correlation between stress andstrain. To that extent this data supports the assertions of the various commentarieson the Gita regarding the health endowing capacity of non-attachment.Along with psychical research are the recent investigations in the area ofepidemiology of religion and clinical studies of the effect of religious and spiritualbeliefs and practices on health and wellness. There are now many researchersactively engaged researching in this area.Religion of one kind or another has existed in all societies; and it has hadprofound effects on the lives of those who practice it. prayer is central to all68Arhat Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011

eligious practices. It is universal and ubiquitous, crossing cultural andgeographical boundaries. According to a survey published in 1996 by PrincetonReligion Research Center, 96% of US population believed in God or asupernormal power. There are several significant studies that explored therelationship between religiosity and a variety of health conditions. In about 150studies most of the studies suggest less substance abuse and more successfulrehabilitation among the more religious (Koenig, McCllough & Larson, 2001)Also numerous studies investigated the effect of religion on mental health,delinquency, depression, heart disease, immune system dysfunction, cancer andphysical disability. Townsend, Kladder, Ayele and Mulligan (2002) assessedthe impact of religion on health outcomes, The systematic and comprehensivereview revealed that ‘religious involvement and spirituality are associated withbetter health outcomes, including greater longevity, coping skills and healthrelated quality of life and less anxiety’. McCllough eg al.,(2000) report thatreligious involvement has a strong positive influence on increased survival. AsKoenig, Larson and Larson (2001) surmise, when people become physically ill,many rely heavily on religious beliefs and practices to relieve stress, retain asense of control, and maintain hope and sense of meaning and purpose in life. Itis suggested that religion (a) acts as a social support system, (b) reduces thesense of loss of control and helplessness, (c) provides a cognitive frameworkthat reduces suffering and enhances self-esteem, (d) gives confidence that one,with the help of God, could influence the health condition, and (e) creates amind set that enables the patient to relax and allow the body to heal itself. Again,the values engendered by religious involvement such as love, compassion,charity, benevolence and altruism may help to successfully cope with debilitatinganxiety, stress and depression.A number of studies provide positive evidence linking intercessory prayerwith beneficial health outcomes. Intercessory prayer involves praying for other’sbenefit. Michael Miovic (2004) reported that the condition of brain tumor patientimproved by intercessory prayer.Randolph Byrd (1988) and Mueller, Plevak, Rummans (2001) found thata significant positive effect between intercessory prayer and recovery fromcoronary disease. They observed that addressing the spiritual needs of the patientmay enhance recovery from illness.There has been a great deal of scientific research on the effects of meditationon the states of mind and body. A number of studies consider meditation as aself-regulation strategy that has relevance for managing stress, hypertensionand drug addiction (Goleman & Schwartz, 1976; Patel, 1993). Davidson,Goleman and Schwartz (1984) report results that showed reliable decrement inArhat 69 Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011Arhat Vacana, 17(2-3), 2005 69

trait anxiety across groups as a function of length of meditation’. John Astin(1997) reported the beneficial effects of meditation on stress reduction.On the basis of research evidence it is clear that the religious involvementand spirituality are associated with better health outcomes and wellness.REFERENCES* Astin, J.A. (1997) Stress reduction through mindfulness meditaion: Effects on psychologicalsymptomatology, sense of control, and spiritual experiences, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics,66, 97-106.* Bhamgara, M.M. (1990) Spiritual dimension of health-the neglected dimension ' proceedings ofintermational seminar on vipasana meditation and health, vipasana research institute, Dhammagiri,Igatpuri.'* Bisht, D.B. (1985) The spiritual dimension of health. Delhi. Directorate general of Health Services,Government of India.* Byrd, R.C. (1988) positive therapeutic effects of intercessory prayer in a coronary care unitpopulation. Southern Medical Journal, 81, 826-829.* Carse, James (1986) finite and infinite games, Ballantine Books, NewYork.* Davidson, R.J. Goleman, D.J.&Schwartz, E. (1984) Attentional and affective concomitants ofmeditation : A cross-sectional study. In D.H. shapiro, Jr. & R.N. walsh (eds) meditation classicaland contemporary perspectives (pp 227-231) New York: Aldine.* Desouza (1984) Yoga meditation and Mysticism, Psychiatry in India, Bombay 21-52.* Goleman, D. & Schwartz, G. (1976) meditation as an intervention in stress reactivity. Journal ofcounselling and clinical psychology, 44, 456-466.* Kaw, M.K. (2000) Meditations Beyoud science, The Hindustan Times, 4th sept.* Koenig, H.G. Larson, D.B. & Larson, S.S. (2001) Religion and coping with serious medicalillness, Ann pharmacother, 35,352-359.* Koenig, H.G., McCllough, M.& Larson, D.B. (2001) Handbook of religion and health : a centuryof reseach reviewed. New York : Oxford University Press.* McCllough, M.E. Hoyt, W.T. Larson, D.B., Koenig, H.G., & Thoresen, C.E. (2000) Religiousinvolvement and mortality : A meta-analytic review. Health Psychology, 19,211-222.* Miovic, M (2004) Spirituality, human health and wellness : overview of the field. Paper presentedat the conference, spirituality, human health and wellness, Institute for human science and service,26th January, 2004, visakhapatnam.* Mueller, P.S. Plevak, D.J., & Rummans, T.A. (2001) religious involvement, spirituality andmedicine : Implications for clinical practice, mayo clinic proceedings, 76, 1189-91.* Naidu, R.K. & Pande, N. (1988) On quantifying a spiritual concept : An interim reserch reportabout non-attachment and health, paper presented at national seminar on mental health and stress,Bhopal.* Orme, Johnson, D.W. (1973) Autonomic Stability and transcendental mediation : PsychosomaticMedicine, 35, 341.* Patel, C.H. (1993) Yoga based therapy, In P.M. Lehrer and R.L. Woolfolk (Eds.) principles andpractice of stress management, 2nd ed. (pp. 89-138) New York, Guilford press.70Arhat Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011

* Persinger, M.A. (1996) Feelings of past lives as expected puturbations within the neurocognitiveprocesses that generate the sense of self" contributions from limbic lability and vectorialhemisphericity, perceptual and motor skills, 83 (3pt.2) pp. 1107-21, December, 1996.* Ramchandran, V.S. (1998) Phantoms in the Brain, Fourth Estate, London.* Selvamurthy, M. (1983) physiological affects of yogis practice, NIMHANS Journal, 1, 77-80.* Sharma, S. (1999) The monk who sold his Ferrari : A fable about fulfilling your dreams andreaching your destiny, Zen and the art of business managemen, The economic times, Mumbai,12December, 1999.* Townsend, M. Kladder,V. Ayele, H. & Mulligan, T. (2002) Systematic review of clinical trialsexamining the effects of religion on health. South Medical Journal, 95, (12) 1429-34.* Vahia N.S. (1973) Further experience with therapy based on concepts of patanjali in the treatmentof psychiatric disorders, Indian Journal of psychiatey, 13, 32.* Yatiswarananada (1979) Meditation and spiritual life, Sh. Ramkrishna Ashram, Bangalore.* Zohar Danah & Ian Marshal (2000) connecting with our spiritual intlligence, Bloomsbury, NewYork & London.Received : 31.12.09Arhat 71 Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011Arhat Vacana, 17(2-3), 2005 71

kmZm{X` BoVhmg [waÒH$malr_Vr emßoVX{dr aVZbmbOr ]m{]am H$r Ò_•oV _|$ lr gyaO_bOr ]m{]am, B›Xm°a ¤mamÒWmo[V kmZm{X` \$mC S{>eZ H{$ gm°O›` g{ Hw$›XHw$›X kmZ[rR>, B›Xm°a ¤mam kmZm{X` [waÒH$ma H$rÒWm[Zm 1998 _|$ H$r JB© h° & `h gd©odoXV Vœ` h° oH$ Xe©Z Edß gmohÀ` H$r A[{jm BoVhmg Edß[wamVÀd H{$ j{Ã _|$ _m°obH$ em{Y H$r _mÃm AÎ[ ahVr h° & \$bV: `h [waÒH$ma O°Z BoVhmg H{$ j{Ã_|$ _m°obH$ em{Y H$m{ g_o[©V oH$`m J`m h° & BgH{$ A›VJ©V O°Z BoVhmg H{$ j{Ã _|$gd©l{apple> em{Y [Ã/[wÒVH$ ‡ÒVwV H$aZ{ dmb{ od¤mZ≤ H$m{ È[`{ 11000 /-H$r ZJX amoe, emb Edß lr\$b g{ gÂ_moZVoH$`m OmVm h° &A⁄VZ [waÒH•$V od¤mZm|$ Edß CZH$r H•$oV`m|$ H$m oddaU oZÂZdV≤ h°ñ1998 S>m∞. e°b{›– aÒVm{Jr, bIZD$ (C.‡.) (g›‡oV ÒdJ©ÒW)‘O°Z Y_©, H$bm ‡mU F$f^X{d Am°a CZH{$ Ao^b{Ir` gm˙` ’1999 ‡m{. hÂ[m ZmJamO°Ê`m, ]¢Jbm{a (H$Zm©Q>H$)‘A History of the Rå¼å¼trakýtas of Malkhed and Jainism’2000 S>m∞. A^`‡H$me O°Z, Ωdmobà (_.‡.) (gÂ‡oV ÒdJ©ÒW)‘O°Z ÒVy[ [aÂ[am ’2001 lr gXmZ›X AJ´dmb, _{ S>m am{∂S> (C∂∂S>rgm)‘Imad{b ’2002 S>m∞. Or. Odmhabmb, oVÈ[oV (Am.‡.)‘Jainism in Andhra (As depicted in inscriptions)’2003 lr am_OrV O°Z ES>dm{H{$Q>, Ωdmobà (_.‡.)‘oJaZma _mhmÀ_` ’2004 ‡m{. E. BH$Â]amZmWZ, M{fiB© (Vo_bZmSw>)‘Jaina Iconography in Tamilnadu’2005 lr gyaO_b ImgJrdmbm, o^d›S>r (_hmamÔ>≠)‘O°Z BoVhmg ’2006 ]´. gßXr[ O°Z , gab , , ]rZm‘[mßSw>obo[ gßajU Edß gßH$bZ H$m`© h{Vw ’df© 2007, 2008 Edß 2009 h{Vw H$m{B© ‡odoÔ> C[`w∫$ Zht [mB© JB© &H$m{B© ^r Ïò∫$ [waÒH$ma h{Vw oH$gr b{I `m [wÒVH$ H{$ b{IH$ H{$ Zm_ H$m ‡ÒVmd (gm_J´rgohV) ‡{ofV H$a gH$Vm h° & MòZV H•$oV H{$ b{IH$ H$m{ È. 11000/- H$r amoe, emb, lr\$b Edß‡eoÒV ‡XmZ H$r Om`{Jr & gmW hr MòZV H•$oV H{$ ‡ÒVmdH$ (H•$oV gohV ‡ÒVmd ^{OZ{ dmb{) H$m{^r È. 1000/- H$r amoe g{ gÂ_moZV oH$`m Om`{Jm & 2010 Edß 2011 H{$ [waÒH$mam|$ H$r M`Z H$r‡oH´$`m Omar h° &O°Z od⁄mAm|$ H{$ A‹``Z/AZwgßYmZ _| ÈoM aIZ{ dmb{ g^r od¤mZm|/ g_mOg{od`m| g{AmJ´h h° oH$ d{ odJV 5 dfm~ _| ‡H$me _| Am`{ O°Z BoVhmg/[wamVŒd odf`H$ _m°obH$ em{YH$m`m~ H{$gßH$bZ, _yÎ`mßH$Z Edß em{YH$m| H$m{ gÂ_moZV H$aZ{ _|$ h_| A[Zm gh`m{J ‡XmZ H$a| &‡m{. E.E. A„]mgr gyaO_b ]m{]am S>m∞. AZw[_ O°Z_mZX oZX{eH$ [waÒH$ma ‡m`m{OH$ _mZX goMd72Arhat Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011

ARHAT VACANAKundakunda Jñånapî²ha, IndorerVol. - 23, Issue 1-2, January - June 2011, 73-81Jainism, Social Consciousness andContemporary Issues Rajjan Kumar*AbstractModern societies are increasingly becoming socially unstable. Thereis no love between ethnic communities, religious groups, sociallyadvanced and socially backward groups, husband and wife, parentsand children. Groups and individuals are guided by narrow selfinterests.Due to these modern social evils communities as well asfamilies are affected. Peace, love, harmony, joy and mutual concernsare almost disappear or at the verge of vanishing. These are excitingtimes for Jainism to project them as a true religionist with havingample amount of social conscience. ‘Jaina way of life was prone toascetic’ is gone. Today, it can provide a very positive, meaningfuland practical solution for contemporary issues.IntroductionReligion has always been a matter of discussion and dispute. To keepsocial consciousness is the key factor of every religion. Because the basicpurpose of all religions to ensure peace and happiness for the individual and toestablish harmony within human society. Jainism, one of the prominent religionof world by mistaken has been projected as an ascetic based religion, and isquite difficult to justify its relevancy and practicability for modern society.Jainism, Tîrthaµkaras & Social ConsciousnessThe word ‘Tîrtha´kara’ of Jainism is ancient and technical. There are 24Tîrtha´karas. Tîrtha´karas of Jainas have the same place as God in otherreligion, however they are neither considered an incarnation of God nor regardedas a strange fellow in the divine creation. But Tîrtha´karas are emancipatedsoul and that is why considered like a God 1 . Tîrtha´kara did excellent penanceand religiously followed the path of self-control. With the utter purity of feelinghe pursued with diligence and rigorous exercise known as Tîrtha´kara-nåmakarma anubhågabandha and only then did he became a Tîrtha´kara 2 .Tîrtha´karas are known as the establisher of Dharm-tîrtha, which is calledas way way of religion. In Jainism concept of tîrtha may be explained as shorebeyond the ocean.In Jainism non-violence (ahi´så), truth (satya), non-stealing(asteya), chastity (brahmcarya) and non-possession (aparigraha) are dharmaand fourfold collectivity (caturvidhasa´gha)- ©rama¿a-©rama¿î and ©råvaka-Arhat *73Reader Vacana, & Head, 23 Department (1-2), 2011 of Applied Philosophy, M.J.P. Rohilkhand Arhat University, Vacana, Bareilly-243006 17(2-3), 2005 UP 73

©råvikå (male-female householders) who uphold these dharmas is known asdharmatîrtha 3 .Tîrtha´karas having renounced the worldly attachment achievespiritual excellence by engaging themselves in uninterrupted spiritual exercise,and thereby obtain unveiled omniscience and then having compassion on allthe sufferings living being (jîvas) teach them dharma for their benefit.In Jainism mok¼amårga itself is known as tîrtha and Tîrtha´karas are thetorchbearer of this path. According to Jainism satya itself is tîrtha; k¼amå(foregiveness) and indriyanigraha (sense-control) are also tîrtha. Compassionfor all livings, simplicity, donation, containment, chastity, loving speaking,knowledge, patience and good work- all these are acclaimed as tîrtha 4 . Furtherto Jainas krodha (anger), måna (prestige), måyå (delusion), lobha (greed) areconsidered passions they are nothing but ignorance and those who havecompletely discarded all of these passions are called tîrtha.Caturvidha sa´ghais the aspirant of mok¼amårga and itself is considered tîrtha; establisher of thissa´gha is called as Tîrtha´kara. Tîrtha´karas obtain omniscience and thenhaving compassion they start preaching dharma for all sufferers for their benefit.Samantabhadra admiring Tîrtha´kara Mahåvîra and said- ‘O Lord! Your’s thistîrtha is sarvodaya or welfare to all 5 .Everything concerned with Tîrtha´karas is more or less in its first instanceis look more spiritual rather than intend to obtain material welfare that is essentialfor societal growth in practical. Further it also looks like to foster self-centeredattitude and would be charged that the concept of Tîrtha´karas of Jainism doesnot concerned with the society and it lacks of social element and cannot berelevant for modern society to maintain the sense of social consciousness forcontemporary issues. Irrespective of this, it is very much established that all theTîrtha´karas did lead a social life and did attain salvation at the end and thepath shown by the Tîrtha´karas has enough potency to take pains to providefor the welfare of both the society and the individual and is always relevantirrespective of time and space.Jainism, Ethics & Social ConsciousnessEthics is part and parcel of social life. Ethical elements of Jainism are quitehumanistic and have much amount of social consciousness for contemporaryissues. Inspite of that a charge is generally laid against the system of Jaina ethicsto the effect that it fosters the self-centered attitude, and does not care of thesociety and therefore social element in Jaina ethics is not strong 6 . It is true thatthe main aim of Jainism is to attain freedom from the transmigration of soul andthe whole Jaina ethics has been based on this foundation. All rules of conductare so designed as to secure the aim as early as possible. As there is no outsideagency to help the individual in his efforts to secure salvation, it is natural that74Arhat Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011

more importance was given to the individual but this does not mean that ethicswas confined to individual alone. On the contrary, the ethical code was evolvedfor the whole society 7 .Jaina ethics took pains to provide for the welfare of both the society andthe individual. It recognized the need for taking care of the society, and alsoaspired to bring the highest conceivable form of good within the individualreach 8 .The social aspect of individual’s life was never ignored. An individualwas never conceived as separated from the society and social life. He wasenjoined to achieve his goal while leading the worldly life, which necessarilyinvolves relations with other members of the society. All the Tîrthaµkaras,whom the Jainas adorned, did lead a social life and did attain salvation at theend. It is very much cleared for Jainas that social life was never considered asan impediment to one’s spiritual progress if necessary precautions are taken.Vows are the special feature of Jaina ethics and are separate for monksand householders. Monks of course are the symbol of spirituality but householdersare not like that especially for explaining the social consciousness. Householdersare lay votary and the numbers of vows of householders are twelve- 5 a¿uvâatas(ahiµså, satya, asteya, brahmcarya and aparigraha; 4sik¼åvâata (såmåyiks,pro¼adhopavåsa, upabhogapribhogaparimå¿a and atithisaµvibhåga) and 3gu¿avâatas (digvâata, de¹avâata and anarthada¿da vâata). A¿uvâatas are thebasic vows and the rest other seven vratas collectively called as supplementaryvows or ¹îlavâatas. Sik¼åvâatas are disciplinary vows, because they arepreparatory for the discipline of ascetic. Gu¿avâatas are multiplicative and theyraise the value of the five main vows. These vows play a good part in the life ofa single Jaina as well as that of the whole community.Jaina ethical rules are meant for men of all positions- for kings, warriors,traders, artisans, agriculturists, and indeed for men and women in every walk oflife. Do your duty and do it as humanely as you can- this, in brief, is the primaryprinciple of Jainism 9 .It is evident that social element in Jaina ethics is notneglected.. Further, Jaina ethics includes the negative as well as positive rulesof conduct. These prescribed rules of conduct limited for practicing within themembers of Jaina community. Jaina ethics embraces not only followers of Jainismbut in a true sense all living beings. It is obvious that Jaina ethics tries to regulatethe mutual relations of human beings and for that purpose vows and otheractivities are laid down. Among them the five main vows are more importantfrom the point of social relations. Jaina ethics solves the individual problem ofattaining spiritual merit and at the same time shows the way of solving alloutstanding social and world problems 10 .Arhat 75 Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011Arhat Vacana, 17(2-3), 2005 75

Jainism, Religious Terrorism & Social ConsciousnessReligion is the greatest of all means for the establishing order and bringingpeace in the world. It sums up the moral attitude, the peace inducing aspect,found in different religions, irrespective of place or time of their origin. It alsosignifies an aspect of unity, which is essential virtue of mankind. We know allreligious, legal, political and economic theories are solely designed to savehumanity as a whole. Inspite of that today many of people are concerned aboutthe future of religion 11 . This happens with having requisite reasoning and logics.With the down of modernism and its critical questioning of everything, traditionalreligions become less and less appealing. Truly “our age has largely ceased tounderstand the meaning of religion” 12 Accepting of traditional religious beliefswas seen as succumbing to blind faith, which would lead to fundamentalism,and this in turn would generate religious intolerance and even religious terrorism.This is actually happening in many parts of the world today.To Jainas blind faith is the principal cause of fanaticism and intolerance. Itresults from passionate attachment and hence uncritical outlook. Indeed, in Jainaliterature, blind faith (Dar¹anamoha/dri¼tiråga) has been enumerated as onetype of passionate attachment (mýrcchå). Passionate attachment is caused bydelusion. It results in perverse attitude and karmic bondage. Blind faith leadsone to inculcate the attitude of strong bias toward one’s own religion andintolerance of other religions. The difference in the religious ideologies shouldbe critically evaluated through the faculty of reasoning and is considered assåmyak dar¹ana (right/rational perception), one of the three jewels of Jainism,which is commonly referred to, as right faith is not blind faith. It is accompaniedby rational knowledge, knowledge acquired through critical reasoning.According to Jaina thinkers, reason and faith are contemporary and there is nocontention between them. They hold that religious codes and rituals should becritically analyzed.If one maintains that religion is solely based on faith and there is no placefor reason in it, then e will invariably develop an outlook that only his prophet,religion and scripture are true and others’ religions, prophets and scriptures arefalse. He will also believe that his prophet is the only savior of mankind; hismode of worship is the only way of experiencing the bliss and the laws of hisscripture are the only right ones. Thus he remains incompetent in making acritical estimate of his religious prescriptions. One, who maintains that reasonplays an important role in the religious life, will critically evaluate the pros andcons of religious prescriptions, rituals and dogmas. An ‘attached’ or biasedperson believes in the dictum ‘mine is true’ while the ‘detached’ or unbiasedperson believes in the dictum ‘truth is mine’ .1376Arhat Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011

Jaina thinkers hold the view that reality is complex. It has many facets,various attributes and various modes. It can be viewed and understood fromdifferent angles and thus various judgments may be made about it. Even twocontradictory statements about an object may hold true. Since we have finitecapability, we can know or experience only a few facets of reality at a time. Wecannot grasp the reality in its totality. We can have only a partial and relativeview of reality. On the basis of partial and relative view of reality, how can weclaim the right to discard the view of our opponents as totally false? Dogmatismand fanaticism are the born children of absolutism. Non-absolutism of Jainasprevents the individual from being dogmatic and one-sided approach. In theSýtrakâtånga it is stated that those who praise their own faith, dispraise theiropponents, and possess malice against them will remain confined to the cycleof birth and death 14 .In the history of world religion Jainism has had been considered the mosttolerate, amenable and regardful of other faiths and ideologies. This is veryimportant to discard the present trend of religious terrorism. We must believe inthe unity of all religions, but unity, according to us, does not imply omnivorousunity in which all religions lose their entity and identity. We should believe inthe unity in which all religions will join with each other to form an organicwhole without losing their own independent existence. In other words, we shouldbelieve in a harmonious coexistence or a liberal synthesis in which all componentsmaintain their intrinsic features and work for the common goal of peace ofmankind and, Jainas very much hold the same sense of social consciousness.Jainism, Social Engineering & Social ConsciousnessIn any society individuals get different kinds of status and honors andaccordingly it originate different kinds of strata, and this is called socialstratification. Those who always and continuously attain honor and statusbecome symbol of prestige group, and it may be ascribed and achieved. Caste(jåti) and class (var¿a) are the two principal components of social stratification.Caste system is an important social institution, which is deeply concerned withreligion. Caste system is a kind of hierarchy, which may be hereditary,endogamous, and groups of occupation where social status of different caste ofcourse is fixed but among the castes there is clear-cut differences based on theirreligion 15 . Social engineering is a modular concept of social stratification whereeach and every component of a society get due importance irrespective of casteand class.The most significant contribution of Jainism in the social field has hadbeen the establishment of social equality among the four classes (bråhama¿a,k¼atriya, vai¹ya and ¹ýdra), prevalent in the society. They were (is) said to haveArhat 77 Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011Arhat Vacana, 17(2-3), 2005 77

come from the mouth, arms, thighs and the feet of the Creator Brahmå. Theparticular limbs ascribed as the origins of these divisions and orders in whichthey are mentioned probably indicate their status in the society. The fact thatindicate the four classes are described as of divine origin and could be taken asa sufficient indication that they were of long duration and very well defined.Not only the four classes were distinct and separate, but the spirit of rivalryamong themselves also affected them 16 .Even in the early Âgvedic times the Brahmanical profession had begun toset up claims of superiority or sacredness for itself and accordingly we find thatdifferent rules were prescribed for different classes. The k¼atriyas were assigneda position next to Bråhmin and ©ýdras were comparatively neglected. Thus theVedic society was completely class ridden in the sense that unusual importancewas given to the Bråhmin class to the detriment of other classes. Against theseglaring practices based on the acceptance of social inequality and on the wideobservance of social discrimination, Tîrtha´karas and other Jaina Åcåryaslaunched their attacks. They recognized the division of society into four classesbut based them on the nature of activities carried out by the people and not onthe basis of their birth 17 .They gave full freedom to one and all, including downtrodden anddepressed, to observe common religious practices prescribed for all and admittedthem into their religious order. In this order those who followed (follows) religionas householders, were (are) known as ©råvakas and ©råvikås and those whoobserved the religion fully by leaving their houses and becoming ascetics were(are) called as ©rama¿a (Muni) and ©rama¿î (Åryikå). The principle of socialequality among the classes has been firmly established by Jainas. This has beena very wholesome effect on the conditions of the ©ýdras (dalitas), which werevery deplorable. Formerly, the Dalitas were completely disregarded in religiousmatters and several binding restrictions were placed on their movements andways of living. Teachings of Jaina masters proved a great solace to the Dalitasas the practices of social discriminations against them were (are) fully banned.This resulted in the rise of social status of the downtrodden people 18 .Jainism, Women Empowerment & Social ConsciousnessAnother contribution of distinctive nature attempted by Jaina thinkers inenhancing the social consciousness in the direction of raising the status of women.Recently women empowerment is catching word, which deeply involved notonly raising the status of women but also provide them equal status in maledominating society in every walk of life viz. religious, social, political, economic,legal and many more. Perhaps this was not so easy in ancient times. Like ©ýdras,women were debarred from the right of initiation and investment with the sacred78Arhat Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011

thread. They were considered to have no business with the sacred religioustexts. Almost in all patriarchal societies the birth of a girl was an unwelcomeevent and this gave rise to practices like the female infanticide and neglect offemale children. To political status, women were never thought fit for any othersphere than the household life and the intricate questions of administration andgovernment were held to be beyond their comprehension 19 . In Hindu law books,son has been treated great favor than female descendant.Irrespective of this, Jainas have had respect for woman and all attemptsare made to equate them with male. Ofcourse we find so many instances ofJainas that directly disgrace women but we also find the examples of superiorityof women. In Jaina church complete freedom was given to enter the asceticorder. Female sex was no bar to the practice of asceticism. We have fourcategories of religious practicers- sådhus, sådhvîs, ¹råvakås, and ¹råvikas.Equality of opportunity accorded to women in the religious sphere was manifestin several social spheres of action. They enjoined many legal right of inheritanceand possession of property and had ample opportunity of managing theirdomestic business independently 20 . So far concern about political status ofwomen in Jaina texts we find that woman appeared in the public without anyrestriction and held important position in the political sphere 21 . Under the JainaLaw not only men but women also have always had their maintenance andproperty rights 22 . With these ideas about women we can inculcate the Jainaconcept regarding the women empowerment.Jainism, Professional Ethics & Social ConsciousnessProfession, progress and prosperity have distinct meaning in a newlysynthetic man made world. Attitude to life leads consumerism based on maximumutilization and utmost consumption of available resources- material, physical,geo-biological, etc. It is a state of temperament of temperament and mentalinclination. It is based on man’s having impulses. Have more and moreeverything; money, fun, material pleasure, luxry and comforts. Consumption ofthings and commodities is not done simply to satisfy the need; it can be said tobe the culture of late capitalism. It is a beginning of neurotic restlessness fornew things, new fashions, and new images. This is a specific form of insecurityand has been increasing more and more because it separates man from history,from all culture linkages/ memories. There is nothing rely on except immediateinstant achievement. This is depthlessness 23 .Due to this consumerist approach today, in the field of business and tradinghumanitarian approach has been disappearing. They have low opinion as ruthless,heartless, crass, deceitful, etc. But it may also reflect that the ethics of businessor profession are and should be minimal. Physical force, outright fraud, theft,Arhat 79 Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011Arhat Vacana, 17(2-3), 2005 79

each of contract, and perhaps, violations of the law are and should beprohibited. Otherwise anything goes. In short, many familiar moral standardsmay be completely ignored; and principles central to our moral and religioustradition may be violated without a second thought. The strong may bully theweak, the cunning may exploit the innocence and goodwill of their trustingneighbors, the environment may be fouled and the fabulously wealthy mayfurther enrich them at the expense of the desperately poor. More generally,people may treat others only as means in various ways and everyone is entitledto cause great misery in others for the sake of small personal gain 24 .Business is the prime resource of earnings of Jainas. Besides business andtrading Jainas have taken to professions also. They are found mainly in legal,engineering, medical and teaching professions. Nowadays many Jainas areholding important positions in various departments of the Governments. In theconsumerist society Jainas ofcourse have adopt ed and accepted many newand non-traditional life style but at the same time they think and try to followtheir moral ideal and professional code as prescribed. The very first rule of thethirty-five rules of conduct for laymen lays down that a person should followsome kind of business or profession in a just and honest way for the maintenanceof his family. The only restriction he has to observe in the choice of his avocationis that it must not be of an ignoble or degrading nature in the sense that it shouldnot involve wholesale destruction of life 25 .The prohibited businesses are those of butchers, fishermen, brewers, winemerchants,gun-makers and the like 26 . The Jaina scriptures mention fifteenvarieties of business enterprises 27 , which involve great enjury to living beings,and hence the Jaina laymen are required to avoid them. They are such as thoseinvolving great use of fire, cutting of trees or plants, castrating bullocks, clearingof jungles by employment of fire, drying up lakes, rivers, etc 28 .References :1. Jaini, J.L., Outlines of Jainism, pp.4-5; Glasenapp, Jainism, pp.218-2262. Sacred Book of Jainas, Vol-IIIpp5, 17, 158, 1593. Bhagavatîsýtra, 2.8.682; Sthånångasýtra, 4.34. Satyam tîrthah k¼ama tîrtham——dånam…santosa…brahmacaryam….ca priyavadita!!Sabdakalpdruma- tîrtha, p.6265. Sarvapåda…..sarvodayam…tirthamidam…quoted from Mahavira ka Sarvodaya Tîrtha, p.126. Latthe, A.B., An Introduction to Jainism, pp.65-69; Jain C.R., Jaina Culture, p.28; .7. Sanghavi,Sukhlal., Jaina Saµskriti kå Hâdaya, p.15; .8. Jain C.R., Jaina Culture, p.580Arhat Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011

9. Smith, V.A., History of India, p.53 ; Sangve, V.A. Jain Religion and Community, p.49.10. Beniprasad, World Problems and Jaina Ethics, pp.2-17; Mehta, M.l., Jaina Acara, pp.83-132;11. D’Souza, L “The Relevance of Religion in Contemporary Society” Third Millenium, 5/1 (Jan-March, 2002), pp.70-8112. S.Radhkrishanana, Recovery of Faith, p.20413. Jain, Sagarmal, “The Philosophical Foundation of Religious Tolerance in Jainism” Studies inJainism edt. D.C.Jain, p.15914. Sýtrkâtånga, 1/1/2/2315. M.Haralambos with R.M.Heald, Sociology,Themes and Perspectives, pp.24-2516. Sangve, V.A. Jain Religion and Community, p.59; Ghurye, G.S, Caste and Race in India, pp 40-4117. Padmapurå¿a, XI/200, 203, 20518. Sangve, V.A. Jain Religion and Community, p.59 ; Bool Chand, Lord Mahavir pp. 4-519. Indra, M.A., Status of women in Ancient India, p.17820. Altekar, A.s., Position of Women in Hindu Civilization, p.19021. Ibid, pp. 218-22922. Sangve, V.A. Jain Religion and Community, p.24323. Pathak, Abhijit “Thought on Cultural Invasion”, Mainstream, vol32, No12, Feb, 11, 1995,p.23424. Philips, Michael, “How to think systematically about Business Ethics”, Earl. R.Winkler &JerroldR.Coombs, Applied Ethics: A Reader, pp. 185-18625. Sangve, V.A. Jain Religion and Community, p.16526. Waren H; Jainism, p.7627. Upåsakadasånga, (Edt. Madhukaramuni), 1/14728. Rampuria, S.C., Cult of Ahi´så, p.22Received : 5.10.10Arhat 81 Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011Arhat Vacana, 17(2-3), 2005 81

{IH$m| h{Vw gßX{e1. Ah©V≤ dMZ _| O°Z Y_©/Xe©Z H{$ d°kmoZH$ [j VWm O°Z BoVhmg Edß [wamVÀd g{ gÂ]p›YV_m°obH$, em{Y[yU© Edß gd}jUmÀ_H$ Amb{Im| H$m{ ‡H$moeV oH$`m OmVm h°$&2. em{Y H$s JwUmÀ_H$Vm Edß _m°obH$Vm H{$ gßajU h{Vw Xm{ ‡m‹`m[H$m| AWdm [maÂ[naH$ odf` ode{fkm|g{ [arojV H$am b{Z{ H{$ C[am›V hr Amb{I Ah©V≤ dMZ _| ‡H$moeV oH$`{ OmV{ h¢$&3. em{Y Amb{Im| H{$ AoVoa∑V gßojflV oQ>fl[oU`m±, AH$mXo_H$ gßJm{oapple>`m|/gÂ_{bZm| H$s gyMZmE±/Amª`mE±, Amb{I Edß [wÒVH$ g_rjmE± ^r ‡H$moeV H$r OmVr h¢$&4. Ah©V≤ dMZ _| ‡H$moeV oH$`{ OmZ{ dmb{ g_ÒV b{I Bg A[{jm g{ ‡H$moeV oH$`{ OmV{ h¢ oH$ d{Z Vm{ [yd© ‡H$moeV h¢ Edß Z A›`Ã ‡H$meZmW© ‡{ofV h¢$& òX [yd© ‡{ofV H$m{B© b{I A›`Ã ‡H$moeVhm{ MwH$m h° Vm{ _mZZr` b{IH$m| H$m{ BgH$s gyMZm h_| VÀH$mb AdÌ` ^{OZr Mmoh`{$&5. b{IH$JU òX [wÒVH$ `m b{I g{ g›X^© J´hU H$aV{ h¢ Vm{ C›h| gÂ]’ b{I/[wÒVH$ H$m [yU©g›X^© X{Zm Mmoh`{$ & `Wm b{I H$m erf©H$, ‡H$moeV H$aZ{ dmbr [oÃH$m H$m Zm_ ‡H$meZ ÒWb,df©, AßH$, [•ÓR> gßª`m AWdm [wÒVH$ H$m Zm_, b{IH$, ‡H$meH$, gßÒH$aU, ‡H$meZ df©,AmdÌ`H$VmZwgma A‹`m`, JmWm, [•apple> gßª`m AmoX$& CXmhaUmW© ï-g_mZ g›X^© H$s [wZamd•oŒm hm{Z{ [a ]mX _| gßoj· Zm_ ‡`m{J _| bm`m Om gH$Vm h¢$&6. b{IH$JU A[Z{ Amb{I H$s Xm{ ‡oV`m± Q>ßoH$V EH$ [•ÓR>r` gmamße gohV ^{OZ{ H$m H$ÓQ> H$a|$&‡W_ [•ÓR> [a b{I H$m erf©H$, b{IH$/b{IH$m| H{$ Zm_ Edß [ÃmMma H{$ [yU© [V{ hm{Z{ Mmoh`{$& A›XaH{$ [•ÓR>m| [a b{IH$/b{IH$m| H{$ Zm_ Z X|$& H•$[`m oh›Xr H{$ Amb{I E_.Eg dS©> _|>X{dobe \$m{›Q>_| Q>mB[ H$aH{$ \$m{›Q> gohV gr.S>r. _|$^r ^{O|J{ Vm{ ‡H$meZ _| gwodYm ah{Jr Edß ‡H$meZ erK´hm{Jm& H•$[`m b{I H$r EH$ ‡oV A[Z{ [mg gwaojV aI| dm[g ^{OZm gß^d Zht h° &7. b{I H{$ gmW b{I H{$ _m°obH$ Edß A‡H$moeV hm{Z{ H$m ‡_mU [Ã AdÌ` gßbΩZ H$a| Edß Ah©V≤ dMZ_| ‡H$meZ H{$ oZU©` hm{Z{ VH$ A›`Ã ‡H$meZmW© Z ^{O| &S>m∞. AZw[_ O°Z_mZX≤ goMd-Hw$›XHw$›X kmZ[rR>,584, _hmÀ_m JmßYr _mJ©, VwH$m{JßO,B›Xm°a - 452001\$m{Z : 0731-2545421, 2797790E-mail: anupamjain3@rediffmail.comAh©V≤ dMZ _| g_rjmW© ‡m· [wÒVH$m| H$m{ [wÒVH$mb` _| aIm OmVm h° & oOZ [wÒVH$m| H$r 2‡oV`m± ‡m· hm{Vr h° CZ_| g{ M`Z H$aH{$ 01 $‡oV g_rjH$ H$m{ ^{Or OmVr h° & [oÃH$m H$rodf` [oaoY H{$ AZwÈ[ hm{Z{ [a Edß g_rjH$ g{ g_rjm ‡m· hm{Z{ [a g_rjm ‡H$moeV H$rOmVr h° & g^r H$r g_rjm ‡H$moeV H$aZm gß^d Zht$ h° &82Arhat Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011

ARHAT VACANAKundakundaJñåñånapnapî²î²ha,IndoreVol. - 23, No. 1-2, January-June 2011, 83-97III-Second Series of Experiments on Water - Aura Jeoraj Jain*In the previous 2 articles (Ref. 1 & 2), it was established that water does exist as aliving-being (Ref. 3, 4, 5). After developing a scientific model of the structure of living watercell,certain “Tests” were applied to prove the validity of the hypothesis (Ref. 2, 5). Both thebasic criteria of a living-being were applied to certain types of water and found it to befulfilling them! Subsequently “aura” photography was resorted to re-establish the criteria ofliving water. Tests were conducted to differentiate living water from non-living water.2. Second series of Experiments on Aura:Based on the results of the first set of experiments with aura of different types of water(Ref. 2, 5), second series of experiments were designed and planned as follows. It is knownthat Aura can be photographed either by invasive or by non-invasive techniques (Ref. 6, 7, 8).In the first set of experiments, Dr. Shah used invasive technique, which involves direct contactof the object with the high voltage field. In the second series, non-invasive method wasplanned, where aura is photographed from a distance.Seven types of water, as given below, were prepared and kept in glass cups of similarsize and material, so that the container-energy remains common for all the water-samples. Allthe samples were kept side by side on a table (Foto 13). In this position the auras of all thesamples were captured in one photograph in the laboratory of Dr. Amresh Mehta, atAhmedabad, on 18.10.07. First photograph was taken in the morning at around 11:30 am (BN)and the second photograph of the same samples was taken in the After Noon (AN) at 4 pm,without introducing any disturbance in them (see photos). Both photographs lend themselvesto be compared. This should reveal, whether timing has any effect on the quality of aura. (Foto14)3. Main Observations:The long experience of Dr. Amresh Mehta, in reading the aura photographs, wasutilized to decode the meaning of coloured aura, surrounding the samples. He explained thatBlue colored aura means Good energy and Red colored Aura means Bad Energy. We haveconsidered only these two colors in our analysis. Both colors can co-exist. It is said that whenone type increases, the other colored area decreases. In the photograph of aura of samplestaken on 18.10.07, the containers of samples were arranged as shown in Foto 13. The sequenceof samples was as follows:-First Row (in Sequence from left to right): Remedy 6X, Remedy 10M, Dhovana ofFiltered water (DF), Distilled water (DDD) andSecond Row: has i) Tap water-- without filtration (E/T),ii) Boiled water-- Filtered and then boiled (BF) andiii) Tap water-- filtered by Reverse Osmosis system (TF).The first observation by Dr. Mehta was that there is no difference in patterns ofArhat * 40, Kamani83 Vacana, Centre, 23 (1-2), IInd 2011 Floor, Bistupur, Jamshedpur - 831001 Arhat Vacana, 17(2-3), 2005 83

morning (BN) aura and evening (AN) aura of the samples. From these photographs, thequality of energy of every aura has been assessed. The exact magnitude of energy or energyarea could not be measured from these photographs, as has been done by the software of Dr.J M Shah from his aura photographs. This was due to application of different technology byDr. Mehta. Dr. Mehta, however, found qualitatively the magnitude of energy (good) of samples,in a descending order, in form of blue color as below:-Table 8 : Samples in Descending order of their good energySN. Energy Grade Sample Type Quantum of good energy1 BF Boiled after filtration (RO system) Maximum energy (Blue)2 DF Dhovan after filtration (RO system) slightly less/ same3 10M Homeo remedy 10M (XX) --------------- lesser than 24 TF Filtered tap water (RO) ------------------- lesser than 35 DDD Distilled water (Injection ampules) ---- lesser than 46 6X Homeo remedy 6X ------------------------- lesser than 57 E/T Tap water without filtering ------------- least Blue (Max. Red)4. Other observations and analysis:-4.1 From the photographs, it is observed that each sample has several rings of “aura”in different colors, encircling the physical sample. These rings are connected with each otherand can be distinguished from its adjoining ring by difference in its color, like red, blue, greenetc.However, the outer rings of one sample appear to overlap the peripheral rings of othersample (Foto 14), because the samples are kept very close to each other.4.2 The auras of various samples (Table 4 of reference 1 & Table 8), plotted magnitudewisein descending order, are shown in Foto 15. Here the dark boxes on positive Y-axisrepresent area of energy of different types of water as given by Dr. J M Shah’s equipments.This is plotted in exact value of Aura area, as given by Dr. Shah. Whereas, the boxes on thenegative Y-axis represent schematic magnitude of blue (good) energy of different types ofwater as assessed by Dr. Amresh Mehta. For qualitative assessment, the good energy hasbeen assigned relative values. Hence, instead of exact values of energy areas, it gives onlythe qualitatively relative status of the energy of different samples. From these experiments inShah and Mehta’s Lab, it is obvious that we can only compare the “trends”, as to how theenergy of water changes or is influenced by conducting different types of operations onsimple Tap-Water. It is observed (Foto 15) that the trend of “change” in energy values bydoing a specific operation, in a sequence, is same in both sets of experiments!4.2.1 In the light of Mehta’s photographs (Foto 14), where tap water shows only badenergy(no blue energy), it can be concluded that aura-area of tap water represents only badenergy. That means energy area of 21.2 in Shah’s Foto of tap-water would be of red color orbad energy only. During further operations on it, like boiling etc., the blue energy (goodenergy) starts appearing. It increases in the sample in the following sequential order:-84Arhat Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011

E/T, 6X, DDD, T(F), 10M, D(F), B(F).4.2.2 The energy aura of B(F) hardly contains any Red colored energy. It means the energyarea of 17 of boiled water in Shah’s Foto (of course, it was not filtered water) is only that ofgood energy.The reduction in energy area (from 21.2 to 17 units--Shah) indicates that not only thebad energy is converted into good energy, but also the “area” is reduced, probably due toincrease in its density. The energy packed per unit area must have increased. In other wordsthe randomness of energy (entropy) is decreased and the discipline of energy Ed is increased.(In other words, the energy discipline E dincreases and Entropy decreases in thisorder. This is corroborated, in a way, by SHAH’s photos!)Apart from Red and Blue colors, the other colors in Mehta’s fotos might be related todynamisation of 6X and 10M. This significance is not known as yet and needs furtherexperiments.4.3 It is to be noted that the ascending data of Dr. Shah on Y-Axis runs in oppositedirection (Ref. 6) to the data generated by Dr. Amaresh Mehta, (Foto-16). That means, the“energy”, which is considered as “good” energy by Dr Mehta, increases with boiling of theTap water i.e., by driving out the oxygen radicals and extinguishing the Live-energy (Li) of tapwater. However, by doing the same operation of boiling etc, the “area” in the first set ofexperiments in Shah’s Lab decreases. Here, it should be remembered, as discussed earlier that‘Dead’ water will have only ‘fixed’ type of aura. The scattering of aura around the physicalbody of drop is very less (aura of inanimate body). But living-water will have dynamic aura,with more scattering around the drop-body, as in the case of Tap water.When dynamisation* of distilled water is done, the aura of living water gets disciplined.Its scattering gets reduced. As per Mehta, good energy increases and bad energy decreasesdue to dynamisation i.e. E t↑= E g↑ + E b↓ The scattering of aura around the X sample comesalmost to the level of boiled water B. When it is further dynamised (10M), the scattering ofenergy area is further reduced. It becomes more disciplined. (here, ↑ denotes gain & ↓ denotesloss).The Aura Area (Shah’s Lab):-If E(A) is assumed as Total energy area (without differentiating as good or bad energy),it can be argued thatTap wter - has more rarefied energy field, and more scattered area of aura energy.Boiled water - has aura of inanimate object only. (Fixed or static type)X Sample - Scattering of energy around live-water is reduced. Aura energy becomesmore disciplined.XX (10M) Sample - The energy gets still more disciplined. (Foto 15 & 16) andconcentrated.This is possible, only if this “area” (entropy) contains “some thing” which compressesthe energy field, irrespective of its being good or bad energy, as identified by Dr. Mehta.* Dynamisation : It is a process of potency-making in Homeopathy.Arhat 85 Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011Arhat Vacana, 17(2-3), 2005 85

4.4 The scattering of Energy Area / Entropy E(A) decreases sequentially from Tapwater to 6X remedy, to Boiled water to 10M remedy in Shah’s photography, whereas in Mehta’sphotography the good energy inceases in the same sequence (Foto 16). In a bigger samplesize of second set of experiments, the good energy increases in a sequential manner from Tapwater to 6X remedy to Distilled water (DDD) to Tap filtered water (TF) to 10M remedy toDhovan of filtered water (DF) to Boiled filtered water (BF). This can be expressed asE (t)< E (x)< E (tf)< E (x x)< E (dh f)< E (b f)(good energy).This is represented in Foto 15 (Table 4 & 8) and in Stackd Energy Diagrams (Foto 17a& 17b).The energy content of individual sample can be analysed and explained in the followingmanner.Nomenclatures used in the text analysis are:i) 5 suffixes, t=total, g=good, d=disciplined, p=pranik and b=bad are used withoutbrackets to denote type of energy.ii) Suffixes denoting the type of water, like t= tape water T, b= boiled water B, dhf=dhovana filtered water DF, d= distilled water DDD, h= dynamised (homeo) remedy 6X or 10 M,f= filtered water, dw= dead water, li= live water and o/r=oxy radicals etc are used in brackets.iii) E= aural energy quantity.For example,E t(tf)would mean total energy of filtered tap water,E g(dw)would mean good energy of dead water i.e., boiled water.4.5 In Shah’s photographs:- (Foto 18, as reproduced from reference 2)4.5.1 Energy of Tap-Water in Foto 18 can be denoted by E t(t), This energy E t(t)is composed offollowing components and can be expressed ab initio as:E t(t)= E (dw)+ E (li)+ (-E (o/r)) -------------(i)where, E (dw)= Energy of Dead Water, It may contain energy of its mineral constituents.E (li)= Energy of “living-being” of water alone. It may increase by addition of someother type of energy, called Pranik energy to it. It may also contain some energy of livingTrasa Jiva contents.E(o/r) = Energy of oxygen radicals dissolved in water.4.5.2 Dynamics of Boiling operations:During boiling the tap water, following changes in energy can occur.By boiling process, the energy of radicals of oxygen is reduced to zeroi.e., E (o/r)→ 0, andLive-Energy E (li)is also reduced to zero, because water does not remain alive after boiling i.e.,E (li)→ 0. (Nothing known has been done here to attract and store Pranik Energy).Hence the residual energy of boiled water E (b)= Et (t)- (-E (o/r)+ E (li))Substituting E t(t)from equation (i) = (E (dw)+ E (li)+ (- . E (o/r)) - (-E (o/r)+ E (li))= E (dw)4.5.3 Here a Partinent question arises as to why the boiled dead water should have maximumgood energy (Blue), whereas its entropy is decreased?86Arhat Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011

Following possible resaons may be assigned to it.i) Because it does not have any negative energy of oxygen radicals, (which might besame or equivalent to Mehta’s bad energy ! This has to be investigated.)ii) The total energy represents the good energy of a plain dead body only, because theboiled water does not have any live body energy (i.e. of live water) or pranik energy.That means,i) Negative energy of radicals is max, for tap water and zero for boiled water.From this “Datum Energy” of boiled water as per shah’s lab., one has to subtractradical energy (negative) and add Live energy E (li) (+ve) in order to get actual value of energyof tap-water.ii) Live energy of dead water is nil, whereas it is maximum for XX sample.4.5.4 Problems paused :i) It needs to be proved that Mehta’s bad energy refers to or is same as shah’s energyof radicals. And Mehta’s good energy is similar to Live and Pranik energy of Shah’s lab. Here(Ep) represents superimposed discipline by pranik energy on live-energy (Eli)ii) As such, this phenomenon of Boiled water of Dhovan acquiring max. good energy,needs further investigations and exact explanation.4.5.5 Effects of DynamisationSimilarly, the energy of water, after dynamisation can be derived as follows :E (xx)= E (dw)+ E (li)- E (o/r)+ E d(Here the discipline of E (li)is enhanced by dynamisation. It should have received andstored maximum pranik energy (EP) in it, in case of remedy of potency 10M. It would be lessfor a potency of 6X, Here, although total energy due ET increases due to super imposition ofPranik energy discipline Ed on live energy E (li), but due to reduction in randomness, the totalaread of aura energy (E(A) would actually decrease. Thus it denotes higher energy density.4.6 Mehta’s Photographs :4.6.1 Status of good and bad energy during dynamisation (Mehta’s Lab)If the good and bad energies do not cancel each other, they would exist togethersimultaneously, as revealed in Blue and Red colors in the Foto by Dr. Mehta. It is alsoobserved that the graphs of good energy and the scattering of energies run almost paralle ifthey are positioned about a neutral axis (Foto 15). It means, if a sample has more good energy(Mehta), it would exhibit less energy-scattering (shsh), as if the sum total of these scalarquantities has to be almost constant, unless extra pranik energy is added by dynamisation.When Ep (pranik) is superimposed on normal water aura area EA, its scattering is reduced inproportion to the intensity of Ep. Thus the density of aura energy goes on increasing and theentropy goes on decreasing by dynamisation. Since the data of Mehta is not quantifiable, itis considered to be only an assesment of the ‘Trend’, Table 5 of previous article has now beenmodified as per this anlytical conslusion in new Table 5M, given here.TABLE 5M : Probable relative magnitude of aura of different constituents of water (Assessed):Arhat 87 Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011Arhat Vacana, 17(2-3), 2005 87

SN Component T TF* B D* X XXAura1. ELi 11 10 0 0 12 122. EMi 14 14 16 16 6 03. E d/p 0 0-1 0 0 10 464. E o/r(+ve) -6 -11 0 -6 -2 05. E Tr 2 0 0 0 0 06. Sum EA (Shah) 21.5 14-15 17.5 10* 18.5 14.57. Energy 1 0.9 1.3 4Density (De*)8. E A (Mehta)* 21 16 24 58* Predicted figuresFurther experiments are needed with sophisticated equipments to quantify thesedeductive statements.For the aforesaid data, following equations should hold good (Mehta).i) E t= E 8+ E b---------------------- ii) i.e., Total energy of a water sample.ii) E t(d)= E g(d)+ E b(d)--------- iii) for distilled wateriii) E t(h)= E g(h)+ E b(h)--------- iv) for dynamised water4.6.2 Dynamisation :It is expected that dynamisation would enhance the good energy and reduce the badenergy of the original sample of a remedy in distilled water. That means,E t(h)> E t(d)andE b(h)< E b(d)Similarly, the total energy of a sample should normally increase by dynamisation process(column iv in Table 9), say by 20% . Then the above functions can be expressed as :Et(h) = 1.2Et(d) and Eb(h) = 0.8Eb(d)With this data, the above equation at (iv) can be rewritten as follows :1.2E t(d)= E g(h)+ 0.8E b(d)i.e. E g(h)= 1.2 E t(d)- 0.8 E b(d)----------- (v)and the equation (iii) can be rewritten asE g(d)= E t(d)- E b(d)---------------- (vi)and thusE g(h)becomse >> E g(d)4.7.1 Following difference in Shah & Mehta’s “aura” should be kept in mind.i) The total E (A) area (Shah) represents the area of ‘surrounding aura energy’ onlyand not the energy on the ‘body’ of the object.ii) Mehta’s ‘good energy’ (Eg) represents the area of good colors (blue, white etc) onthe body of the object as well as in the “surrounding aura energy” in his photographs of aura.iii) His is only qualitative assessment of good energy.4.7.2 An attempt has been made to co-relate the Shah’s energy area E (A) with the88Arhat Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011

qualitative energy (Eg & Eb) found by Mehta. This may throw some light on the trends. It isobvious that several more experiments with different parameters would be needed beforederiving quantitative conclusions about this relationship. At present, when we express Shah’senergy E(A) = E(Li) + E(Mi)+E(Tr) + E(o/r) + Ep/Ed (Foto 19, as reproduced from reference 10),we donot know, which of its components belong to good energy of Mehta and in what ratio.We also do not know, whether this Eg represents condition of all the 3-dimensions, evenwhen its 2-dimensional component it getting measured ! The values of various energies areroughly assessed from the experimental data and expressed in following tabular form to seethe trends.Table 9 : Values of scattered / disciplined E (A) and estimation of good E genergy (SHAH)Water Type E(A) Constt Et, Eg(ii)-(i) Et, if Et (h)>Et(d), Then Eg (Shah)(Dr. Shah) Say (Shah) Say, Foto 16, = (iv)-(i)(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v)T 21.5 2.5 3.5 25 3.5X 18.5 25 6.5 30 11.5Boiled 17.5 25 7.5 25 7.5XX 14.5 25 10.5 35 20.5Note : 1. The relative values of Et in colums (ii) and (iv) have just been assigned to facilitatethe understanding of possible effects of dynamisation in terms of good or bad aura energy.2. Dynamisation may possibly draw cosmic energy from the universe, thereby increasingthe life-energy E ll, due to super imposition of E(p).3. If total aura energy E tdoes not increase by dynamisation, the increase in goodenergywould be just balanced by corresponding decrease in its bad-energy.In such a situation, if its concentration or memory power is increased in a particularfield or direction, total E tmay not be required to be altered.These results look astonishingly in conformity with the deductive results obtainedfrom different samples on the basis of the postulates of above mentioned theory of waterbodied living-beings without DNA & RNA.5. Summary :i) A characterized water cell in its pure form will have a well defined and specificallyattuned pattern of energy field around the profile or architecture of its body.ii) Similarly, variation in aura of water body, obtained under its different living-conditions,validates the theory that water does exist as a living-being. As a corollary, the animated statewill have Etheric aura component, which is responsible for carrying memory.This theory may act as a Foundation Stone for the Homoeopathy.iii) Experiments were conducted to find difference and changes in “Aura” of living anddead water. The results established the existence of living water cells.iv) Preliminary experiments strongly suggest that is is now scientifically possible todifferentiate between living water and dead water ! This would provide effective tool tofacilitate nurturing of Ahi´saka lifestyle for the mankind.Knowing that WATER exists as a Living-being, theory of Karma (Ref. 9) and humanArhat 89 Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011Arhat Vacana, 17(2-3), 2005 89

attribute of Compassion (Ref. 10) should now prevail on mankind for self restraint and forminimization of consumption of water.Some tips are given in Foto B for conservation of water in daily life, titled as, “Do YouKnow”v) Further, it is also established that dynamisation of water affects positively its energyfield.The whole exercise has been done with very limited facilities. However, in view of theencouraging results, there seems to be a tremendous scope for scientists to undertake multi-Disciplinary organized research with advanced, sophisticated equipments, like atomic-forcemicroscope and magnetic-resonance techniques to peep deep into the molecular structure ofwater. Latest Aura techniques can also help reveal many secretes of such wonderful LiveWater-Cell.Reference :1. Dr. Jeoraj Jain, “Non-living water and its comparison with Living water,” Arhat Vacana, 20(3),2008, p 91-98.2. Jeoraj Jain, “Living Water-Cells and working principle of Homeopathy”, Arhat Vacana, 19 (1-2), 2007, P 95-1023. Edward Wriothesely Rusal, “Report on Radionics”, Neville Spearman Suffolk, 19834. An interview with Dr. David Schweitzer, “More than just H 2O”, Nu Health, 32 Notting HillGate London. W11. UK, 2000,5. Prabhunarayan Mishra, Photographs published in “Naya Gyanodaya”, Bhartiya Gyanpith,DELHI, Mar. 2004.6. Kirlian photography and Brochures prepared in the laboratory of Dr. J.M. Shah, Mumbai andDr. Amresh Mehata, Ahmedabad (2005-08).7. Acharya Mahapragyaji M.S., “Aabha Mandal”, Adarsha Sahitya Sangh Prakashan, 210, DeenDayal Upadhyay Marg, Delhi-110002, p 155-220.8. Arun Zaveri etc., “Therapeutic Thinking”, Geekay Corpn., A-109, Ghat kopar Industrial Estate,LBS Marg, Ghatkopar (W), Mumbai-400086, p 14-16.9. Dr. N.L. Kachhara, “Jain Karma Sidhanta, Adhyatma aur Vigyan”, Dharma Darshan Seva Sansthan,55, Ravindra Nagar, Udaipur-313003, p. 100-106.10. K.L. Lodha, ‘Jeev-Ajeeva Tattwa’ (in the light of science), - Prakrit Bharti Academy, Jaipur.Received : 23.11.200890Arhat Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011

AppendixArhat 91 Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011Arhat Vacana, 17(2-3), 2005 91

FOTO 14 ,Water Aura in BN (before noon) & AN (Afternoon)92Arhat Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011

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General Instructions and Information for Contributors1. Arhat Vacana publishes original papers, reviews of books & essays, summariesof Dissertations and Ph.D. Thesis, reports of Meetings/Symposiums/Seminars/Conferences etc.2. Papers are published on the understanding that they have been neither publishedearlier nor have been offered to any journal for publication.3. The manuscript (in duplicate) should be sent to the following address-Dr. Anupam Jain, Editor - Arhat VacanaëGyan Chhayaí, D-14, Sudamanagar, INDORE - 452 009,e-mail : anupamjain3@rediffmail.com4. The manuscript must be typed on one side of the durable white paper, indouble spacing and with wide margin. the title page should contain the title ofthe paper, name and full address of the author. It is prefered to submit the MSSelectronically through C.D. or email in MS Word in addition to the above.5. The author must provide a short abstract in duplicate, not exceeding 250 words,summarising and highlighting the principal findings covered in the paper.6. Foot-notes should be indicated by superior number running sequentially throughthe text. All references should be given at the end of the text. The followingguidelines should be strictly followed.(i) References to books should include authorís full name, complete andunabbreviated title of the books (underlined to indicate italics), volume, edition(if necessary), publisherís name, place of publication, year of publication andpage number cited. For example - Jain, Laxmi Chandra, Exact Sciences fromJaina Sources, Basic Mathematics, Vol.-1, Rajasthan Prakrit Bharati Sansthan,Jaipur, 1982, pp. XVI(ii) References to articles in periodicals should mention authorís name, title ofthe article, title of the periodical, underlined volume, issue number (if required),page number and year. For example - Gupta, R.C., Mahåvîråcårya on thePerimeter and Area of Elipse, The Mathematics Education, 8 (B), PP. 17-20,1974.(iii) In case of similar citations, full reference should be given in the first citation.In the succeeding citation abbreviated version of the title and authorís namemay be used. For example - Jain, Exact Sciences, PP. 45 etc.7. Line sketches should be made with black ink on white board of tracing paper.Photographic prints should be glossy with strong contrast.8. Acknowledgements, if there be, are to be placed at the end of the paper, justbefore reference.9. Only ten copies of the reprints will be given free of charge to those authors,who subscribe. Additional copies, on payment, may be ordered as soon as itis accepted for publication.10. Devanågari words, if written in Roman Script, should be underlined andtransliteration system should be adopted.98Arhat Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011

ARHAT VACANAKundakunda Jñånapî²ha, IndorerVol. - 23, Issue 1-2, January - June 2011, 99-104Jaina Cosmology : AMathematical Approach Samani Aagamprajna*ABSTRACTThe Whole Jain literature has been divided into four mainclasses. Dravyånuyoga, Cara¿akara¿ånuyoga,Dharmakathånuyoga & Ga¿itånuyoga.In Jainism. the main theories which are explored inmathematical style are the theory of karma, pudgala (matter), themovement of sun and moon, shape and size of universe, etc. In thepresent paper I made an attempt to bring into light the shape andvolume of the universe in Svetåmbara and Digambara tradition ina simplified way.According to Jaina Philisophy, space in divided into two parts(1) Cosmic-space (2) Supra-cosmic space. Cosmic space where allthe six substances are accommodated. Again this cosmos is dividedinto three parts-upper, middle and lower universe. The shape ofthe universe is supratisthaka as explained in Bhagvatî sýtra(gw[Bo∆>`gßoR>E bm{E)The point on which I want to focus is that both the tradition,Svetåmbara and Digambara where they varies is the total volumeof universe. Both accept supratisthaka shape, but with somedifference, so the total volume also differs. This is clearly explainedin the paper. According to Digambara tradition, the total voluve is343 cubic rajju, while svetåmbara sums it as 239 cubic rajju.The whole Jaina Literature has been divided into four main classes :(i) Dravyånuyoga, which includes the exposition of dravya like jîva, ajîvaetc.,(ii) Cara¿akara¿ånuyoga, which includes the rules and regulations to befollowed by saints, sages etc.(iii) Dharmakathånuyoga, which includes stories, biographics likeJñåtådharmakathå etc.(iv) Ga¿itånuyoga, which includes astronomy, mathematics, etc.Arhat *99C/o Jain Vacana, Vishva Bharati 23 (1-2), University, 2011 Ladnun (Raj.) 341306 Arhat Vacana, 17(2-3), 2005 99

The following texts brings out the importance of mathematics in JainaLiterature. From 32 canons as accepted by Svetåmbara traditions, few of thetexts which contains the mathematical description are: Thå¿am, Viåhapa¿¿attî(Bhagavaî), Sýrya-prajñapti, Candra-prajñapti, Jambýdvîpa prajñapti,Anuyogadvåra, Uttrådhyayana, Vi¹e¼åva¹yaka Bhå¼ya etc. But our knowledgeof these kind of typical mathematics is at present very limited. Some of theimpotant Digambara texts like ¬atkha¿dågama, Ka¼åya-Pådhuda,Tiloyapa¿¿attî, Gommatsåra, Trilokasåra, etc. also consist mathematicalexplanation of some of the theories. It is only after 19 th century, active researchwork on Jaina mathematics has been started. So, yet many of the areas areuntouched and need a deep comparative study with modern mathematics.The main theories, which are explore in mathematical styles are theory ofkarma, pudgala, parmå¿u (matter) the movement of sun and moon, shape andsize of universe, etc.In the present paper an attempt has been made to focus on the shape andvolume of the universe in svetåmbara and Digambara tradition. For this, I amgreatful to Prof. Muni Mahendra Kumar for his exclusive work Vi¹va Prahelikå,which become base for me to write this paper. I have just made an attempt topresent it in a siplified way. so that the mathematical approach in Jain cosmologycould become easily accessible for the new learners.Jaina Philosophy asserts five kinds of astikåyas viz. dharmåstikåya (mediumof motion), adharmåstikåya (medium of rest), åkå¹åstikåya (space),pudgalåstikaya (matter) and jîva (soul), while kåla i.e. time as a non-åstikåyasubstance. 1 Among these the third substance is åkå¹a. It is defined as-avagåhalaksanaµ åkåsa 2 , avagåha lakkhane nåma agasatthigae 3 i.e, that whichaccommodates is åkå¹a.According to Jaina philosophy, space is divided into two-loka (cosmicspace)and aloka (supra-cosmic space). The space accomodated by the fiveåstikåya and kåla is called as loka. 4 That part of space which consists of sixsubstances is called as loka. According to Jaina cosmology, this loka is againdivided into three parts- lower universe, middle universe & upper universe. loweruniverse is the place where the hellish beings stays, the middle universe whereall the other three kinds of soul (celestial beings, human beings and animals)resides while the upper universe is for celestial beings and liberated souls.Shape and Volume of Cosmic SpaceIn Bhagavatî Sýîra, when Gautam asks Mahåvîra : kim santhie nåmabhante! loe pannate? 5 i.e. what is the shape of laka? Mahåvîra replies : goyama!100Arhat Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011

supai²²hiyasanthie loe pa¿¿ate-he²²ha vicchinne, majjahe sankhite, uppi´visale.... i.e. it is like supratisthaka shape. At below it is broad, in middle narrowand in upper portion again broad. While explaining supratisthaka shape, JainaSiddhånta Dîpikå mention that it is "a configuration obtained by conjunction ofthree conical bowls with the shape of chopped off pyramids in the followingmanner-one bowl placed convex with (that is, upside down) at the bottom, thesecond bowl placed concave wise (that is, with the face upward) above it, andthe third one placed convex wise (like the bowl in the bottom) upon the second.The resultant configuration arising from the aforesaid adjustment is styledsupratisthaka." 6 (The height of universe is 14 rajjus.) 7The shape of the universe is also explained in a form that a man or awomen who is symmetrically built and who is standing with a stretched out legsand hands on the waist.When we talk about the shape and volume of the universe, both the traditionSvetåmbara and Digambara are not unanimous. There is a difference in theirviews.Digambara's VeiwAccording to Digambara tradition,the universe is 14 rajju high. It is 7 rajjubroad from north to south. The breadthfrom west to east is at the lowest positionis 7 rajju and it grasually decreases till itmeasure 1 rajju in the height of 7 rajju(i.e.) in the centre of the universe. Fromhere again the breadth increases fromthis point and reaches on expansion of5 rajju in middle of the remaining part(i.e.) at the end of the fifth heavenbrahmaloka and then, it again decreasestill it is 1 rajju at the highest position(fig.1)According to Digambara tradition, the volume of total cosmic space is343 cubic rajju. As the breadth of the universe is not same everywhere, theuniverse is to be diveded into two parts of 7-7 rajjus.In geometry, the formula to calculate the volume of trapezium space objectis Vol.= area x b or (1 x b x h); and while, Area = 1 x h.Arhat 101 Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011Arhat Vacana, 17(2-3), 2005 101

here l = lengthb = breadthh = heightArea of lower universe will be := 1 / 2x [1 1+ 1 2] x h.= 1 / 2x [7 + 1] x 7= 28 square rajju.Vol. = Area x b= 28 x 7 = 196 cubic rajju.For upper Universe :As in upper universe the length, breath is not same everywhere, so, it isdiveded into two (as shown in fig.2)Area = 1 / 2x [5 + 1] x 7/2= 21 / 2 sq. rajju.Vol. = 21/2 x 7 = 174/2 cubic rajju.So the Vol. of the upper area will be := 147/2 x 2 = 147 cubic rajju.So total volume of the universe == 196 + 147 = 343 cubic rajju.But according to Svetåmbara tradition, thebreadth from the north to south does not remainalways the same and the breadth from the east tothe west constantly decreases upto the middle ofuniverse and increasws, upto the middle of upperuniverse and again decreases upto the top of upperuniverse. Here, in both the cases, the decreaseand increase is gradual (as shown in fig.3).The height of the lower universe issomewhat more than 7 rajju while the upperuniverse is some less than 7 rajju. In between themiddle region is the middle universe, which isvery less than 1 rajju. 8102Arhat Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011

According to Svetåmbara tradition, the universe is increasing and decreasinggradually. So, its calculation is done in a different way.Here, it is measured in a khanduka. 1 khanduka is equal to 1 / 4rajju i.e. 1khanduka = = 1 / 4rajju. 4 khanduka = 1 rajju.Height h b (1) 1 x h Area Volumekhanduka0-4 4 7 28 784=28 2 31364-8 4 6.5 26 676 27048-12 4 6 24 576 230412-16 4 5 20 400 160016-20 4 4 16 256 102420-24 4 2.5 10 100 40024-28 4 1 4 16 6428-30 2 2 4 16 3230-32 2 3 6 36 7232-33 1 8 8 64 6433-34 1 10 10 100 10034-36 2 6 12 144 28836-38 2 8 16 256 51238-40 2 10 20 400 80040-42 2 10 20 400 80042-44 2 8 16 256 51244-46 2 6 12 144 28846-49 3 3.33 10 100 30049-52 3 2.66 7 64 19252-54 2 3 6 36 7254-56 2 2 4 16 3215296Cubic KhundupaArhat 103 Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011Arhat Vacana, 17(2-3), 2005 103

1 khanduka = = 1 / 4rajjuSo 1 cubic khanduka = 1/64 cubic rajjuSo Vol. of universe = 15296 cubic khandukai.e. 239 cubic rajju. 9In this way, we find the difference of views, in calculating the total volumeof the universe in both the traditions. This kind of logical and mathematicalapproach of universe by Jainacåryas focuses on the unique and excellentpresentation of their knowledge.Reference :1. Jaina Siddhånta Dîpikå, 1.1, 1.2.2. Ibid, 1.63. Bhagavatî Sýtra, 13.4.584. Bhagavatî Sýtra, 13.4.55/Jaina Siddhånta Dîpikå, 1.8,sat dravyatmako logah.kimiyam bhante! loetti pavuccai ?goyama! pancatthikaya, esa nam evatie loeti pavuccai tam jaha-dhammatthikae, adhammatthikae,agasatthikae jivatthikae, jibatthikae, poggalatthikae.5. Bhagvatî sýtra, 13.4.906. Jaina Siddhånta Dîpikå, p.4.7. Ibid, p.4. (A rajju is a conceptual measure consisting of innumerable pramå¿a yojanas, eachpramånayojana being almost equivalent to eight thousand miles.)8. Bhagvatî Sýtra, 13.4.919. Vi¹va Prahelikå, Muni Mahendra Kumar, Javeri Publications, Mumbai, 1969.Received : 23.07.10104Arhat Vacana, 23 (1-2), 2011

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Ah©V≤ dMZHw$›XHw$›X kmZ[rR>, B›Xm°agßoj· Amª`mI.C.T.M. - 2010hoÒVZm[wa, 30-31 A∑Qy>]a 2010* AZw[_ O°Z *em{o^V odÌdod⁄mb`, _{aR> ¤mam oXJÂ]a O°Z oÃbm{H$ em{Y gßÒWmZ, hoÒVZm[wa ¤mam odH$ogV AmYma^yVgßaMZmAm|> (^dZ, [wÒVH$mb` AmoX) H$m C[`m{J H$aV{ hwE oXJÂ]a O°Z oÃbm{H$ em{Y gßÒWmZ, OÂ]y¤r[,hoÒVZm[wa H{$ [oaga _|$ ÒWmo[V JoUZr kmZ_Vr em{Y[rR> H{$›– [a I.C.T.M. - 2010 (InternationalConference on Indian Civilization through Millenia) AWm©V "ghÚmo„X`m|$ _| ^maVr` g‰`Vm'-2010 erf©H$ AßVam©Ô>≠r` gÂ_{bZ H$m Am`m{OZ 30-31 A∑Qy>]a> 2010 H$m{ oH$`m J`m & O°Z g_mO H$r gdm}Égm‹dr, JoUZr ‡_wI, Amo`©H$moeam{_oU lr kmZ_Vr _mVmOr Edß CZH{$ gßK H$r _mßJobH$ C[oÒWoV g{ gÂ[yU©gÂ_{bZ H$m{ AÀ`›V Joa_m ‡m· hwB© & Bg gÂ_{bZ H{$ 5 AH$mXo_H$ gÃm|$ _| 56 Am_ßoÃV Ï`mª`mZm| / em{Y[Ãm| H$r ‡ÒVwoV Xr JB© & gÂ_{bZ H{$ Adga [a [∂T{> OmZ{ dmb{ Amb{Im|> H$r odÒV•V Amª`m (Proceedings)H$m od_m{MZ ^r CX≤KmQ>Z gÃ _| H$amH$a BgH$m ‡oV^moJ`m| _| odVaU oH$`m J`m& Bg Amª`m _| 4 I S>m| _| 68em{Y[yU© Amb{Im|> H$m ‡H$meZ oH$`m J`m h° & gÂ_{bZ H{$ odo^fi gÃm| H$m gÃdma oddaU oZÂZdV≤ h° &30.10.2010, ‡mVï 11.00 ]O{, CX≤KmQ>Z gÃ ï-_wª` AoVoW ï Hw±$da e{Ia odO{›–, ‡oVHw$bmoY[oV-em{o^V od.od., _{aR>A‹`jVm ï ‡m{. AZy[ ÒdÍ$[, Hw$b[oV-em{o^V od.od., _{aR>od. AoVoW ï S>m∞. AmH$me AmCMr, Om[mZr od¤mZgßMmbZ ï S>m∞. AZw[_ O°Z, oZX{eH$-JoUZr kmZ_Vr em{Y[rR>, hoÒVZm[wa‡kml_Ur Amo`©H$m lr M›XZm_Vr _mVmOr Z{ gaÒdVr ÒVm{Ã H{$ gÒda [mR> g{ gÂ_{bZ H$m ew^maÂôH$`m & ÒdmJV ^mfU oX`m gÂ_{≥ H{$ gß`m{OH$ ‡m{. gwa{e M›– AJ´dmb, _{aR> Z{ & Am[Z{ em{o^V odÌdod⁄mb`H$r C[bo„Y`m|$ Edß JoVodoY`m| H$m gßoj· [oaM` ^r oX`m & H$_©`m{Jr ]´. adr›– Hw$_ma O°Z Z{ gßÒWmZ Edßem{Y[rR> H$m [oaM` X{V{ hwE Bg emßV, gwaÂ` [oaga _| g^r H$m ÒdmJV oH$`m &odoeÔ> AoVoW Om[mZ oÒWV em{H$mJH$mB© BßQ>aZ{eZb g{ [Yma| S>m∞. AmH$me AmCMr Z{ H$hm oH$ hoÒVZm[wag{ _hm^maV H$r [hMmZ Ow∂S>r h° & d{X, C[oZfX Am°a [wamUm| _| ^maVr` g‰`Vm H{$ VŒd _m°OyX h¢ & ]m°’ Y_© ^maV_| hr O›_m Am°a MrZ hm{V{ hwE Om[mZ [hwßMm &gÂ_{bZ H$r odf` dÒVw H$m [oaM` X{V{ hwE gÃ H{$ A‹`j Hw$b[oV ‡m{. AZy[ ÒdÍ$[ Z{ H$hm oH$ h_mamC‘{Ì` ^maVr` g‰`Vm H{$ ‡oV OZ-OZ _|$ OmJ•oV [°Xm H$aZm h° & C›hm|Z{ H$hm oH$ ^maV X{e _| oh›Xy, O°Z,]m°’, [magr, ogI, BgmB© AmoX AZ{H$ gßÒH•$oV`m| H$m g_mJ_ EH$ gmW o_bVm h° VWm ha Y_© d g_mO H$r‡mMrZ g‰`Vm Bg X{e g{ Ow∂S>r hwB© h° & AVï h_| dV©_mZ _| ^maVr` g‰`Vm [a g_mO H{$ ]rM OmJ•oV bmZ{ H$rAmdÌ`H$Vm h° &_wª` AoVoW Hwß$da e{Ia odO{›–Or Z{ H$hm oH$ EH$ _ßM [a odo^fi odYmAm|$ H{$ od¤mZm|$ H$m{ odo^fig‰`Vm Edß gßÒH•$oV`m|$ [a A[Z{ em{Y g{ [oaoMV H$amZ{ H$m Adga ‡XmZ H$aZ{ h{Vw `h gÂ_{bZ Am`m{oOV h°&g^r oejmodX≤ A[Z{ kmZ H$m{ g_mO H{$ _‹` AmgmZr g{ [hwßMm gH|$ Am°a g_mO _| gßÒH•$oV$ Am°a g‰`Vm H{$‡oV ÈoM d M{VZm OmJ•V hm{ gH{$, `hr BgH$m C‘{Ì` h° &JoUZr‡_wI, Amo`©H$moeam{_oU lr kmZ_Vr _mVmOr Z{ H$hm oH$ Bg `wJ _|$ ^maVr` gßÒH•$oV H$mCX≤^d O°Z Y_© H{$ ‡W_ VrWH$a ^JdmZ F$f^X{d H{$ gmW hwAm h° & Am[Z{ H$hm oH$ ^JdmZ F$f^X{d H{$ [wÃâV H{$ Zm_ [a hr Bg X{e H$m Zm_ ^maV [∂S>m h° & hoÒVZm[wa H$m CÎb{I H$aV{ hwE Am[Z{ H$hm oH$ Bg ^yo_[a H$am{∂S>m|> df© [yd© ^JdmZ F$f^X{d Z{ amOm l{`mßg H{$ H$aH$_bm|$ g{ ‡W_ Amhma J´hU oH$`m Wm [wZï VrZVrWH$a ^JdmZ emßoV-Hwß$Ww-AahZmW H$m O›_ ^r Bg hoÒVZm[wa ZJar _|$ hr hwAm & Bg Adga [a Am[Z{Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011 111

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14. Hw$. AmH$mßjm d_m©, _{aR>^maVr` BoVhmg _|$ [aÂ[am H{$ odo^fi Am`m_m|$H$r Ny>Vr>oMÃH$bm15. Hw$. gwo‡`m `mXd, _{aR>Vm∂S>[Ãr` [m{oW`m| _|$ oMoÃV H$bm gm°›X`©oZÂZ Amb{I g_`m^md _| [∂T{> ÒdrH$ma oH$`{ J`{16. ‡m{. H{$. H{$. e_m©, _{aR>French & Indian Civilization17. S>m∞. JrVm lrdmÒVd, _{aR>Ganadhian Philosophy and Buddhism : Relevence in the 21st Century18. ‡m{. aOZre O°Z, B›Xm°aThe Improtance of Hindu Etiquette Namaskåra and Tilaka19. S>m∞. gßO` O°Z, B›Xm°aVÀdmW© gyÃ Edß CgH$r Q>rH$mAm|$ _| oZohV JoUV30.10.10, amoÃ 8.30 g{ 9.305, o¤Vr` gÃ,ÒWmZ ï AmMm`© emßoVgmJa hmb, OÂ]y¤r[, hoÒVZm[waA‹`jVm ï ‡m{. gwa{eM›– AJ´dmb, em{o^V od.od., _{aR>gßMmbZ ï S>m∞. aßOrV ogßh, em{o^V od.od., _{aR>d∫$m -1. S>m∞. O`‡H$me o¤d{Xr, ¤maH$m^maVr` gßÒH•$oV$ H{$ og’mßV Edß dmÒVwemÛr` oM›VZ2. lr am{ohVm B©Ìda, _°gyaA¼tanåyikå Sculptures in Hoysala Temple3. lr_Vr e°\$mbr O°Z, hoÒVZm[wa¡`m{oVkm©ZodoY ï EH$ A‡H$moeV JoUVr` H•$oV$4. S>m∞. AZw[_ O°Z, B›Xm°aSome Newly Discovered Mathematical Manuscripts from Jaina Bhandårs31.10.10, ‡mVï 9.00-11.30, V•Vr` gÃÒWmZ ï AmMm`© emßoVgmJa hmb, OÂ]y¤r[, hoÒVZm[waA‹`jVm ï S>m∞. odO` gmR{>, S{>∏$Z H$m∞b{O, [yZmgßMmbZ ï lr Y_}›– Hw$_ma, em{o^V od.od., _{aR>d∫$m -1. lr Om{g{\$ _{›`wAb, ^m{[mbVedic Harappans : Some Observations2. lr am_odO` e_m©, am`[waHw$Q>È O_tXmar H$r ‡mMrZ ‡oV_m`|$3. S>m∞. aOZr o_lm, ^m{[mbTown Planning and Analytical Study of Remains in DholaviraKutch (Gujrat) and other Harappan Sites4. gwlr _YwbVm o_lm, gmJa_m°`©H$mb _| Zmar H$r oÒWoVAh©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011 113

5. gwlr AßoH$VmIndian Women : Journey of Hope6. S>m∞. AZrVm Jm{Òdm_r, ]a{brCultural and Historical Contacts : Ancient India &Western greece (6th C B.C. to 3.C., B.C.)7. S>m∞. ÒZ{hamZr O°Z, gmJaogßYw KmQ>r g‰`Vm ï EH$ _yH$ odamgV8. S>m∞. E_.S>r. e_m©, _{aR>Science for Spirituality31.10.10, ‡mVï 9.00-10.30, MVwW© gÃÒWmZ ï JoUZr kmZ_Vr em{Y[rR> ^dZ, OÂ]y¤r[, hoÒVZm[waA‹`jVm ï ‡m{. dr.[r. H$m°oeH$gßMmbZ ï lr _wH{$e _°WmZr, em{o^V od.od., _{aR>d∫$m -1. S>m∞. ZmJ{e Xw]{, gmJa‡mMrZ odÌd gßÒH•$oV`m|$ H$m ^maVr` ^mfmAm| Edß gßÒH•$oV$ [a ‡^md2. S>m∞. gßOrd _hmOZ, _{aR>Voilence Against Women in India3. S>m∞. ‡oV^m ew∑bm Edß lr_Vr _ßOy Jm{EßXr, gm{Zr[VgßJrV H$r Aodab Ymam, d°oXH$ H$mb g{ AmO VH$4. S>m∞. b˙_r eßH$a C[m‹`m`, dmamUgrd°oXH$ gßÒH•$oV _|$ odamgV5. S>m∞. gßOrd Hw$_ma e_m©, _{aR> Edß lr A^` g∑g{Zm, hoa¤maWireless Data Transmission in Vedic Literature6. S>m∞. H$_b{e _hmOZ, _{aR>Status of Women in India : Some Issues7. S>m∞. _hr[mb AJ´dmb, gm{Zr[V]´m˜U Edß l_U [aÂ[amAm|$ _| dU© Ï`dÒWm8. S>m∞. Zram JJ©, gm{Zr[V^maVr` gßÒH$ma9. S>m∞. Joa_m À`mJr Edß A[Um© dÀgÒ_•oV H$mb _| Zmar oejm31.10.10, _‹`m›h 12.00 - 2.00, [ßM_ gÃÒWmZ ï AmMm`© emßoVgmJa hmb, OÂ]y¤r[, hoÒVZm[waA‹`jVm ï ‡m{. O{.[r. EZ. o¤d{Xr, ¤maH$mgßMmbZ ï lr AmZßX Jm°ad, em{o^V od.od., _{aR>d∫$m -1. S>m∞. odO` gmR{>, >[yZmThe Archaeology of Great One -horned Indian Rhinoceros114 Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011

2. lr Zrbmßew H$m°oeH$, am`[wa Edß lr goMZ oVdmar, [Q>ZmExtinction in the Late Quaternary Period3. S>m∞. Eg.Eg. Eb. lrdmÒVd, _{aR>Cultural and Economical Scenatio or the Indian Villegaes in the past4. S>m∞. gwa{Im o_lm, B›Xm°a Edß S>m∞. AZw[_ O°Z, B›Xm°a_‹`‡X{e H{$ O°Z emÛ ^ßS>mam|$ _| C[b„Y ‡_wI [mßSw>ob>o[`mß5. S>m∞. [w ` ]ÈAmIndian Civilization Through Millenia : Focussed Through the Parables6. S>m∞. M›– ‡H$me ogßh]tgdr gXr H{$ [ydm©’© _|$ Zmar ÒdmVßÃ≤` M{VZm7. S>m∞. gwoMÃm _obH$, hoa¤maZmar ï ‡mMrZ `wJ g{ AmO VH$8. S>m∞. drUm odÌZm{B© e_m©, hoa¤maAWd©d{X{ ï X°dr oMoH$Àgm`mïÒdÈ[_≤9. S>m∞. _woXVm Aoæhm{ÃrH$mJa H$r AmJ ï EH$ Hw±$_mC>Zr _ohbm H$r H$hmZr10. S>m∞. a{Im amZr oVdmarlr_X≤^JdXJrVm _|$ H$_©`m{J11. ‡m{. Ì`m_ EZ. [m S{>`,hoÒVZm[wa ï odH$mgerb _hmgIm d_© H$m _yb ÒWmZ12. S>m∞. ÒZ{hamZr O°Z, gmJaOÂ]y¤r[13. ]´. ÒdmoV O°Z, O°Z Y_© hoÒVZm[waoZÂZ Amb{I g_`m^md O°Z Y_© [∂T{> ÒdrH$ma oH$`{ J`{ ï-14. S>m∞. oedmbr AJ´dmbEmpowerment of Women in Ancient India ! A Myth or Reality15. S>m∞. Zrob_m Jw·m^maVr` gßÒH•$oV [a bm{H$ H$bmAm|$ H$m ‡^md16. S>m∞. Xro· H$m°oeH$A Journey - Women hood to Manhood : A Socio Economic PerspectiveBgH{$ AoVoa∫$ AZ{H$ od¤mZm|$ _| A[Z{ Amb{I ‡{ofV oH$`{ CZ_| g{ g_` g{ ‡m· hm{Z{ dmb{ Amb{Im| _|g{ Hw$N> H$m $‡H$meZ Proceeding _| oH$`m J`m Edß Hw$N> l{apple> Amb{I odbÂ] g{ ‡m· hm{Z{ H{$ H$maU ‡H$moeVZht$ hm{ gH{$ & gÂ_{bZ _|$ CZH{$ Z [YmaZ{ AWdm oZYm©oaV gÃ _|$ odbÂ] g{ [YmaZ{ H{$ H$maU CZH$m dmMZ^r Z hm{ gH$m & E{g{ Amb{Im| H$m$ICTM-2010 H{$ odÒV•V H$m`©H´$_ _|$CÎb{I h° &31.10.2010 A[am›h 2.00-03.30 ]O{, g_m[Z gÃ ï-A‹`jVm ï ‡m{. AZy[ ÒdÍ$[, Hw$b[oV-em{o^V od.od., _{aR>od. AoVoW ï lr dÈU AJ´dmb, oZX{eH$-BßÒQ>rQÁyQ> Am∞\$ gmBßg, H$m{bH$mVmgßMmbZ ï S>m∞. AZw[_ O°Z, oZX{eH$ - JoUZr kmZ_Vr em{Y[rR>, B›Xm°aH$m`©H´$_ H$m ‡maß^ [rR>mYre jwÎbH$ lr _m{VrgmJa Or _hmamO H{$ _ßJbmMaU g{ ‡maß^ hwAm & Am[Z{H$hm oH$ ^maVr` g‰`Vm Edß gßÒH•$oV H$m gÂ_{bZ hoÒVZm[wa _|$ Am`m{oOV hm{Zm EH$ gamhZr` H$X_ h° &Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011 115

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Report of open session (1.12.10) at KundakundaJñånapî²ha, IndoreDuring his visit to India after taking over as the ‘FirstBhagwan Mahavir Professor of Jain Studies’ at the FloridaInternational University (FIU) USA, Prof. Nathan Katz visitedIndore on December 1, 2010 on the invitation of KundakundaJñånapî²ha research centre (KKJ) of Devi Ahilya Vishwa Vidyalaya(University) (DAU).Prof. Katz graced the Rashtriya Jain Vidya Sangosthi(National Symposium on Jainology) as a distinguished chiefguest. The Interaction with him at a specially convened opensession of the conference highlighted the promising possibilitiesof forging mutually beneficial bilateral cooperation and exchangesin Jain studies and research with a global perspective.Prof. Katz elucidated his objective and strategy ofProf. Nathan Katz promoting Jain studies in a western university like the FIU, andwas interested in determining how Jain studies could be taught in a manner, that is authenticto the tradition and at the same time relevant to contemporary issues. He felt that throughbilateral exchanges with well-known Jain Research Institutes in India, He could promote andcoordinate Institutional linkages among universities in North America and Universities inIndia.Very succinctly with hisbackground of being professor ofReligious studies at the FIU, he hadalready tried out with encouragingresponse introduction of keyaspects of Jain philosophy acrossdifferent faculties of economics,sociology, environmental science,psychology, philosophy andhuman behaviours. ProgramsIntroducing need and desirabilityof promoting Ahi´så, Aparigrahaand Anekånta had proved popular Addressing Dr. M.K. Pandya, on the Dias Shr. S.K. Jain, Prof.at undergraduate levels. So was the concept of vegetarianism. Katz & Dr. N.P. JainAt the open session presided over by Dr. N.P. Jain, former Indian Ambassador to UN,and globally well-known Jaina scholar and lucidly concluded by Dr. Anupam Jain, ExecutiveDirector of Kundakunda Jñånapî²ha proved to be a worthwhile exercise with the eruditeexpression of views of distinguished Jaina scholars, academicians and thinkers like Prof. G.Kawadia, Head School of Economics of Devi Ahilya University, Dr. Manmath Patni,Management Educationist and nutritionist, Dr. Mahendra Pandya, renowned NRI and socialreformer, Mr. Vikas Kawadia post graduate student studying in USA and Er. S.K. Jain, leadingIndustrialist and social leader.124 Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011

The conclusions of the open session could form the substance of a Memorandum ofUnderstanding (MOU) between FIU and KKJ. The Vice Chancellor of DAVV lent his till andwholehearted support to giving concrete shape to the initiative in his address at the inauguralsession of the Symposium.(1) FIU and KKJ could make two very compatible partners sharing the right wavelength.FIU had the benefit of resources as a state-supported university coupled with establishmentof the JAIN CHAIR in active financial-cum-conceptual cooperation of local florida-based Jaincommunity. Like wise KKJ sponsored and liberally supported by the distinguished Kasliwalfamily of Indore inspired by the family patriarch and farsighted Jain leader the late shri DeoKumar Singh Kasliwal and presently headed by scholarly and dedicated Dr. Ajit Kasliwal. Ithad in the course of past 23 years established an inspiring and rich record of meaningfulresearch on varied aspects of the authentic Jain tradition. It has to its credit 40000 Books andvarious publications on Jain philosophy and has awarded Ph.D. degrees to over 24 Jain andnon Jain scholars. Its Quarterly journal “Arhat Vacana” has made its mark as one of the fewwidely read research journals of Jainism. KKJ also enjoys the unique distinction of top researchinstitution of the prominent Digambar sect of Jain religion, and has a rich collection of rareJain manuscripts.(2) KKJ agrees in principle to receive undergraduate students of FIU for a specificperiod of time for teaching them authentic Jain tradition as per mutually agreed syllabus. Likewise it would welcome select faculty from FIU for undertaking research work with the help ofthe exhaustive reference library of the Institute under the guidance of distinguished Jainscholars.Financial and other details could be worked out in due course once the program gets aconcrete shape and format.(3) KKJ and FIU agree upon a priority list of joint research topics on varied aspects ofJain relation encompassing both its theory as well as relevance to cosmic science, economics,mathematics, environmental science, social consciousness inherent in observance of Jainprinciples, philosophical significance of religious festivals like Paryushan, as well as theessence of ancient religious texts like the Ågams, Samayasåra of Åcårya Kundakunda,Tattvårtha sýtra, Tiloyapa¿¿atti of Yativrasabha to name a few.(4) KKJ agrees to popularize and promote undergraduate certificate program of FIU inJain studies. With mutual discussion, the six different courses could be identifies with detailedsyllabus and agreement in the inputs to be provided by both the institution.KKJ would also assist in Introducing Jain awareness courses across syllabus in differentfaculties on the lubes already being experimented hy FIU in USA.(5) KKJ would endeavour to assist FIU in getting Indian sponsors for funding Jainstudies in FIU as well as Jain research program agreed upon between FIU and KKJ.(6) Both sides look forward to proactive and meaningful collaboration and exchanges.KKJ would also be happy to serve on the International Advisory Board of FIU, particularly inview of to being the foremost research institution in the Digambar sect of Jain religion with abroad and liberal interfaith perspective.(Dr. Anupam Jain, Executive Director of KKJ has been appointed as academic advisorof Bhagwan Mahavir Professorship of FIU, Miyami)(7) KKJ would await with keen interest the response of FIU and on that basis proceedwith finalizing the MOU with concrete action programs and modalities of execution incooperation with the FIU.Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011 125

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Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011 137

Parashwanath VidhyapeethParashwanath Vidhyapeeth Varanasi (PV) Invites Scholars of Jain Philosophy,Religion, nonviolence to join its ambitious expansion plans.PV Provides an excellent fully equipped campus adjacent to BHU and apportunitiesto teach and work with foreign scholars and students in India and abroad. PV isan approved external research organization of BHU.PV is a well known Jain education and research organization since 1937. PV ishonoured to have leading scholars of Jainism with it since its inception. It has nowplanned a major expansion plan to conduct research and its application in Jaindoctrine, ethics, languages, meditaiton, rituals, history, art and their application toresolve issues of society in 21 st century.PV has openings for the following academic staff :Position Qualification ExperienceProfessor / Principal Research Fellow Ph.D. 10 + yearsAssociate Professors / Senior Research Fellows Ph.D. 6 + yearsAssistant Professors / Research Fellows Ph.D. 1 + yearsP.G. Research Fellows Ph.D. FreshResearch Assistants M.A. / Ph.D. 1 year forM.A.Other Requirements : The candidates should have demonstrable experienceof conducting research and publishing and / or teaching in reputed universities orresearch institutes. Fluency in English and computer working is desirable alongwith command of Hindi / Prakrit or Sanskrit. Candidates who have superannuated/ retired may also apply for suitable openings. Candidates for Research Associateswithout a Ph.D. will have the option to work for a Ph.D. also while serving PV.Salary : Competitive salary along with living accomodation at the campus shall beprovided.General : All positions are for posting at the campus of PV in Varanasi. Initiallyall the positions shall be on contranct basis for three years and likely to be madepermanent on successful completion of the contract period. Openings, especiallyfor foreign scholars also exist for shorter periods of 6 months to one year to workon specific projects earmarked by PV.The President PVD-28, Panchsheel Enclave, New Delhi - 110017of email to isjs_pv@yahoo.com138 Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011

_V Ao^_VA wonderful exhibition of a leading manuscript cellection.1.12.10 - Dr. Nathan katzProfessor of Religious StudiesFlorida International UniversityMiami (Florida) U.S.A.Handsome collection of leading Ågama and other manuscripts like BhaktåmbaraStotra by Åcårya Måntungaji. I would like somebody should explore me 'things' I wishto understand.1.12.10 - Dr. Rajkamal SanghaviProf. & Head, Department of Physics,Govt. Holkar Science College, Indore`hm± [mßSw>obo[`m| Edß AX≤^wV ^mfmAm|> H$m gßJ´h h° & `hmß AmH$a E{gm bJm O°g{ h_ BoVhmg g{Í$]È hm{ ah{ h° &1.12.10 - amH{$e ^m°a, gßdmXXmVm X°oZH$ ^mÒH$a, BßXm°a`hm± H$r [mßSw>obo[`m| kmZ H$m ^ßS>ma h¢ &1.12.10 - am_H•$ÓU _wb{, [ÃH$ma[oÃH$m X°oZH$, B›Xm°a]hwV ‡^modV hwAm hy± kmZ[rR> H$m{ X{IH$a &2.12.10 - S>m∞. dmoOX Hw$a{er, ‡m{\{$ga CXy©,79/E-2, AmXe© ZJa, X{dmg am{S>, CÇm°ZkmZ[rR> Z{ g_J´ kmZ H$m{ [mßSw>obo[`m|> H{$ _m‹`_ g{ gßOm{Z{ Edß gßaojV H$aZ{ H$m Om{ _mZX≤‡`mg oH$`m h° dh ôdÓ` _|$ _mZd OmoV H$m{ [yd© H$r g_•o’ g{ AdJV H$am`{Jm & Am[H$m ‡`mgAVwbZr` h° &08.03.11 - S>m∞. AO` ‡Vm[ ogßh - od^mJm‹`j,[wÒVH$mb` Edß gyMZm odkmZ od^mJ,H$mer oh›Xy odÌdod⁄mb`, dmamUgr (C.‡.)`hmß H{$ obE Hw$N> ^r H$hZm H$_ h° & (]hwV gw›Xa gßJ´h h°)09.03.11 - S>m∞. H$roV© lrdmÒVd‡^mar-gßajU, amÔ>≠r` [mßSw>obo[ o_eZ,11- _mZogßh am{S>, ZB©oXÎbrkmZ[rR> dmÒVodH$ ^md _|$ kmZ H$m ‡H$me X{Z{ dmbm gßÒWmZ h° & [mßSw>obo[`m|> H{$ gßajU Am°aOZ-OZ _|$ CgH{$ ‡oV OmJaU H$m Ao^`mZ gßÒWmZ ¤mam gamhZr` h° & `hmß H{$ JoVerb oZX{eH$Am°a H$V©ÏòZapple> CZH{$ gh`m{oJ`m|$ H$r Q>r_ gmYwdmX Am°a ‡eßgm H$r [mÃ h° & ode{f Í$[ g{ gßÒWm H{$H$V©Ï` H{$ ‡oV bJZ Am°a Xmo`Àd oZd©hZ H$m Om{ Om{e gwa{Im Or _|$ h°, dh AZwH$aUr` h° &09.03.11 - AmB©.[r. [m S{>`[yd© ghm`H$ oZX{eH$,am¡` gßJ´hmb`, bIZD$, 9956895556,Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011 139

gmßÒH•$oVH$ gÂ[Xm g{ [oa[yU© gßÒWm h°, Om{ _m°obH$Vm H$m{ ]Zm`{ aIZ{ _|$ AJ´ga h° &11.03.11 - od^mf Hw$_ma_mZg [W, [oÌM_r [Q{>b ZJa,[Q>Zm- 800023Hw$›XHw$›X kmZ[rR> _|$ ‡oVÒWmo[V gmßÒH•$oVH$ ‡mMrZ gÂ[Xm H$m{ oOg Vah gßOm{`m J`m h°Am°a O°Z Y_© Edß A›` gmohÀ` H$m{ oOg Tß>J g{ ‡MmoaV Edß ‡gmoaV oH$`m Om ahm h° `h Bg gßÒWmZH r _hÀd[yU© C[bo„Y h° & Om{ Ïò∫$ Bg H$m`© H$m{ A›Om_ X{ ah{ h¢ d{ ]YmB© H{$ [mÃ h¢ h_mar ew^H$m_ZmEßh° oH$ `h gßÒWmZ ^maV H{$ AJÚr gßÒWmZm|$ _| A[Zm Zm_ H$a{Jm &11.03.11 - ‡m{. O{.EZ. Jm°V_Hw$bmoYgoMdOrdmOr odÌdod⁄mb`, Ωdmobà (_.‡.)_{ar hmoX©H$ ew^H$m_ZmE±27.03.11 - O`›V _b°`m_ßÃr, _.‡. emgZ, ^m{[mbHw$›XHw$›X kmZ[rR> B›Xm°a ]hwAm`m_r gßÒWmZ h° & em{Y, gd}jU, gßajU, ‡H$meZ Am°a‡ÒVwoVH$aU H{$ j{Ã _| BgH{$ H$m`©H$bm[ AÀ`›V ‡eßÒ` Am°a CÎb{IZr` h¢$ & BgH{$ gßÒWm[H$,gßMmbH$ d•›X Am°a _hm_ßÃr S>m∞. AZw[_ Or H{$ `m{JXmZ, ‡À`wÀ[fi _oVÀd Am°a g_gm_o`H$Vm H{$Ad]m{Y H$m eVeï Ao^Z›XZ &27.03.11 - ‡m{. ^mJM›– O°Z, "^mJ{›Xw', oZX{eH$,gßÒH•$V, ‡mH•$V VWm O°Z od⁄m AZwgßYmZ H{$›–, X_m{h (_.‡.)AoV CŒm_ ‡`mg, oOVZr ‡eßgm H$r Om`{..... Wm{∂S>r h° & Bg{ ]Zm`{ aI{, ZB© [ro∂T>`m|> H$m{ oXemo_b{Jr &28.03.11 - oXZ{e Mm°]{,^mÒH$a Q>r.dr, B›Xm°a]hwV A¿N>r ‡Xe©Zr h° & ]Ém| H$m{ BgH{$ Ooa`{ BoVhmg H$m{ g_PZ{ _| AdÌ` _XX o_b{Jr &28.03.11 - M°V›` o_lm21, g{∑Q>a-E, gßJ_ ZJa, BßXm°aHw$›XHw$›X kmZ[rR> _|$ Am`m{oOV oÃoXdgr` "^maV _| JoUVr` [mßSw>obo[`mß' odf`H$ amÔ>≠r`g{o_Zma H{$ gmW ode{f H$j _|$ ‡H$moeV J´ßWm| H$r Ï`doÒWV ‡Xe©Zr H$m{ X{IZ{ H$m gwAdga o_bm &Bg gwÏ`doÒWV kmZ gÂ[Xm H$m{ X{I _Z ‡_woXV hm{ CR>m & S>m∞. AZw[_ O°Z H$m{ ]YmB© &29.03.11 - ‡m{. (S>m∞.) ‡{_M›X am±dH$m2-2, lrOrZJa, XwJm©[wam, O`[wa (amO.)gÂ`H≤$kmZ hr OrdZ CÀWmZ H$m H$maU hm{Vm h° ‡À`{H$ Ord H$m{ Cg kmZ H$m{ ‡m· H$aZ{ H$m[wÈfmW© H$aZm MmohE & [wÒVH$mb` Bg_| A¿N>r ^yo_H$m AXm H$aV{ h¢ & BZH{$ _m‹`_ g{ OrdZ _| AmÀ_CÀWmZ H$r Am{a AJ´ga hm{ & Hw$›XHw$›X kmZ[rR> [wÒVH$mb` ^r ]hwV A¿N>m _m‹`_ h° & gÂ`H$kmZ‡m· H$aZ{ H$m & ^Ï` Ord gÂ`H$kmZ ‡m· H$a AmÀ_ H$Î`mU H$a|$&29.03.11 - ‡m{. odH´$_ O°Zg{dmoZd•Œm ‡m‹`m[H$-AßJ´{Or140 Ah©V≤ dMZ, 23 (1-2), 2011

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