The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org
The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org
84 THE VEKB. § 38Obs. 2. The verbs that express being simply, in Latin, aresum, fio, existo, signifying, in general, " to be," or " exist."The state of being expressed by intransitive verbs may be astate of rest, as dormio, " I sleep ;" or of motion, as cado, " Ifall;" or of action, as curro, " I run."Obs. 3. The action expressed by an intransitive verb doesnot, like the action expressed by a transitive verb, pass overfrom the agent or actor to an object. It has no immediaterelation to any thing beyond its subject, which it represents ina certain state or condition, and nothing more ;and hencethey may always be distinguished thus :—A transitive verbalways requires an object to complete the sense; as, amo te," I love thee;"—the intransitive verb does not, but the sense iscomplete without such an object ; as, sedeo, "I sit ;" curro, "I run."Obs. 4. Many verbs considered intransitive in Latin, aretranslated by verbs considered transitive in English; as,placeo," I please ;" obedio, " I obey ;" credo, " I believe ;" &c.Obs. 5. Many verbs are used sometimes in a transitive, andsometimes in an intransitive sense. Such are /agio, inclino,timeo, &c. ; as,fuge dextrum littus (tr.), "avoid the right handshore;" tempus fug it (intr.), "time flies;" timeo Danaos (tr.),"I dread the Greeks;" timeo (intr.), "I am afraid."—In some,ine transitive and intransitive are distinguished by a differencein form and conjugation ;thus, jaeio, jaceo; pen do, pendeo; albo,albeo; fugo, fugio; placoq placeo; sedo, sedeo; &c.Obs. 6.Verbs usually intransitive assume a transitive sense,when a word of signification similar to that of the verb itselfis introduced as its object ; as, vivere viiani, " to live a life;"jurare jusjurandum, "to swear an oath."Obs. 7. When we wish to direct the attention, not so muchto any particular act of the subject of discourse, as to the employmentor state of that subject, the object of the act—notbeing important—is omitted, and the transitive verb assumesthe character of an intransitive ;thus, in the sentence, pnerlegit, " the boy reads," nothing more is indicated than thepresent state or employment of puer, "the boy," and the verbhas obviously an intransitive sense : still, an object is necessarilyimplied, as he who reads must read something. Butwhen we s&y puer legit Ilomerum, "the boy reads Homer,"the attention is directed to a particular act, terminating on acertain object, " Homerum" and the verb has its propertransitive sense.
§ 39 THE VERB. 85§ 39. DIFFERENT KINDS OF VERBS.133.—Though the ' division of verbs into Transitive andIntransitive comprehends all the verbs in any language, yet,from something peculiar in their form or signification, theyare characterized by different names, expressive of this peculiaiity. The most common of these are the following, viz :Regular, Irregular, Deponent, Common, Defective, Impersonal,Redundant, Frequentative, Inceptive, and Desiderative.1. Regular Verbs are those in which the secondaryparts are formed from the primary,according to certain rules. 184.Note.—Under these are included Transitive, Intransitive, Deponent, andCommon verbs belonging to the four conjugations.2. Irregular Verbs are those in which someof the secondary parts are not formed from theprimary, according to rule. 221.3. Deponent Verbs under a passive form havean active signification. 207-1.4. Common Verbs under a passive form havean active or passive signification. 207-2.5. Defective Verbs are those in which someof the parts are wanting. 222.6. Impersonal Verbs are used only in thethird person singular. 223.7. Redundant Verbs have more than one formof the same part. 225.8. Frequentative Verbs express repeated action.227-1.9. Inceptive Verbs mark the beginning orcontinued increase of an action. 227-2.10. Desiderative Verbs denote desire or intentionof doing. 227-3. The three last are alwaysderivatives. 226.
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§ 39 THE VERB. 85§ 39. DIFFERENT KINDS OF VERBS.133.—Though <strong>the</strong> ' division <strong>of</strong> verbs into Transitive andIntransitive comprehends all <strong>the</strong> verbs in any language, yet,from something peculiar in <strong>the</strong>ir form or signification, <strong>the</strong>yare characterized by different names, expressive <strong>of</strong> this peculiaiity. <strong>The</strong> most common <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se are <strong>the</strong> following, viz :Regular, Irregular, Deponent, Common, Defective, Impersonal,Redundant, Frequentative, Inceptive, and Desiderative.1. Regular Verbs are those in which <strong>the</strong> secondaryparts are formed from <strong>the</strong> primary,according to certain rules. 184.Note.—Under <strong>the</strong>se are included Transitive, Intransitive, Deponent, andCommon verbs belonging to <strong>the</strong> four conjugations.2. Irregular Verbs are those in which some<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> secondary parts are not formed from <strong>the</strong>primary, according to rule. 221.3. Deponent Verbs under a passive form havean active signification. 207-1.4. Common Verbs under a passive form havean active or passive signification. 207-2.5. Defective Verbs are those in which some<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> parts are wanting. 222.6. Impersonal Verbs are used only in <strong>the</strong>third person singular. 223.7. Redundant Verbs have more than one form<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same part. 225.8. Frequentative Verbs express repeated action.227-1.9. Inceptive Verbs mark <strong>the</strong> beginning orcontinued increase <strong>of</strong> an action. 227-2.10. Desiderative Verbs denote desire or intention<strong>of</strong> doing. 227-3. <strong>The</strong> three last are alwaysderivatives. 226.