The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org

76 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS. § 81123.—OBSERVATIONS.1. When two persons or things are spoken of, ille refers tothe former, and hie to the latter. This order, however, issometimes reversed. When three are spoken of. ille refers tothe first ; iste, to the intermediate ; and hie, to the last.2. Hie means " this," referring to something near the speakeror just spoken of. Ille, " that," refers to something at a distanceor before spoken of; sometimes to what is well knownand celebrated, and therefore regarded as present ; as, Medea" the illustriousIste, " that," refers to something near, or belong-ilia, " the well known Medea :" Alexander ille,Alexander."ing to, or some way connected with the person spoken to.a. Is, " that," is less precise in its reference than the otherdemonstratives. It commonly refers simply to a person orthing as mentioned before.—Sometimes it points out thatwhich is to be further described in a relative clause ; as, ealegione qilam secum habebat, " with that legion which he hadwith him."—Sometimes after et, atque, que, and in a negativeclause after nee, it is used to show that the noun referred toreceives an additional predicate ; as, in una domo, et ea quidemangusta, " in one house, and that, too, a small one :" Adolescentesaliquot, nee ii tenui loco orti, " some young men, andthese not of humble origin." The neuter {et id, idque) isused when the proposition itself receives an addition, and maybe rendered " and that too," " especially," equivalent to theGreek y.al ravra.b. Is (and sometimes hie and ille), before ut or qui, has thesense of talis, " such ;" as, neque tu is es qui (or ut) quid sisnescias, " neither art thou such a one as not to know whatthou art."c. Idem, agreeing with the subject, but without a substantive,connects emphatically two predicates which belong tothe same subject, and, when the predicates are similar, maybe rendered " also," " and also ;" as, Cicero orator erat idemquephilosophus, " Cicero was an orator and also a philosopher ;"Viros fortes eosdem bonos esse volumus, " we wish brave mento be also good." When the predicates are opposite, idem istranslated by " yet," " and yet;" as, hoc elicit, negat idem i 7 lud," he affirms this, yet (or, and yet) he denies that."3. Hie, and some cases of the other demonstratives, are