The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org

—;72 ADJECTIVE PRONOUNS. § 29emphatic and distinctivethan any of the other terms. Before qui (is qui,he who), it refers to the person or thing described in the relative clause,and, in this construction, is often understood.Hie is used in reference to objects which are nearest to the speakerHence, as nothing is nearer to the speaker than himself, hie homo, " thisman," is often the same as ego. Hie is therefore called the demonstrativepronoun of the first 'person.Iste refers to the person spoken to, or to the things pertaining to, orconnected with him.Thus, iste liber, means " that book of thine," or " thybook." Hence it is called the demonstrative of the second person. It isoftenused, like the English thou, as an expression of worthlessness or contempt.An. and Pr. Gr., 244.Me, in opposition to hie, refers to obj ects at a distance from the speaker,or to thatabout which he is speaking to another, and is called the demonstrativeof the third person. As substantive pronouns, then, these threewords may be thus distinguished :Hie means "he," namely, this man near me, or. just spoken of.Iste means " he," namely, that man by you, or of whom you spoke.Ille means " he," namely, that man at a distance, or formerly spoken o£In the use of these pronouns, however, these distinctions are not alwaysstrictly observed ; ille and is especially, are often used indiscriminately,and in the same sentence, apparently for the sake of euphony or varietyof expression.4. The personal pronouns are rendered emphatic by annexingthe definite ipse, or the syllable met or te, separately orvariously combined ; as, ego ipse, egomet, tute, tutemet, nosmetipsi,&c. Se, the accusative and ablative of sui, is oftendoubled, as sese. When the preposition cum is used with theablative of the personal pronouns, it is commonly annexedas, mecum, tecum, secum, nobiscum, &c.5. In the accusative plural with inter, or after a transitive active verb,with invicem, se is used as a reciprocal pronoun ; as, Fratres inter se similes," Brothers like each other." Brutus et Aruns se invicem occiderunt," Brutus and Aruns slew each other."§ 29. ADJECTIVE PRONOUNS.Adjective Pronouns are words used119.sometimes like adjectives, to qualify a substantive