The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org
The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org
:;54 ADJECTIVES. § 22Kobe.— Codebs, compos, impos, and super stes, have sometimes i in theablative. Fetus lias commonly veteri in the ablative, but always Vetera andveter um in the plural.Exc. 2. The following adjectives have e or i in the ablativesingular, and um in the genitive plural ; vizAles, winged. Degener, degenerate. Partieeps, sharing.Anceps, double. Dispar, unequal. Preeceps, headlong.Artifex, artificial. Dives, rich^ Princeps, chief.Cicur. tame. Impar, unequal. Supplex, suppliantOompar, equal. Inops, poor. Vigil, watchful.Note.— Memor, mindful ; immemor, unmindful ;par, equal ; uber, fertile;volucer, swift, have i only in the ablative singular, and um in the genitiveplural ; except par, which has ium.LoeuplitSs rich ; sons, guilty, and insons, innocent, have um, as well as ium,in the genitive plural.101.—§ 22. IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES.Irregular adjectives are Defective or Medundant.I. DEFECTIVE ADJECTIVES.1. The adjectives frugi, temperate; sat or satis, sufficient;semis, half; and the plurals quot, how many']tot, so manyaliquot, some;quotquot, and quotcunque, how many soevertotidem, just so many, are indeclinable. Nequam, worthless,is also indeclinable, but used in both numbers.2. Exspes, hopeless ; and potis, neuter pote, sometimespotis, able, are used only in the nominative. They are of allgenders, and potis is also found joined with plural nouns.Tantundem, as much, has tantidem in the genitive, and tantundem,m. and n., in the nominative and accusative singular.Necesse, or necessum, necessary; and volupe, pleasant, areused only in the nominative and accusative singular.3. Mactus, -e, and plural -i, a common word of encouragement,brave ! gallant ! is used only in the nominative andvocative singular, and nominative plural.Plus, more, in the singular, is neuter only ;wants the dative,and probably the vocative ; has e only in the ablative, and a,seldom ia, in the nominative, accusative, and vocative pluralneuter.
.§ 22 ADJECTIVES. 55Primoris, genitive, first, wants the nominative and vocativesingular, and the nominative, accusative, and vocative pluralneuter; likewise semiuecis, half dead, which is not used in theneuter, and has seminecum in the genitive plural.Pauci, few ; and plerlque, the most part, are seldom used inthe singular.4. The following classes of words want the vocative ; viz :Partitives; as, quldam, alius: Relatives; as, quails, quantus :Negatives; as, nullus, neuter: Interrogative^ ; as, qubtus ?titer?Except aliquis, quicunque, quilibet, and quisque. (See 131.)5. The following adjectives of one termination, in the subjoinedlist, are scarcely used in the nominative, accusative, orvocative plural of the neuter gender ; viz :Adjectives in ER : as, pauper, puber, celer, degener, itber.Adjectives in FEX :as, artifex, camifex.Adjectives in OR : as, memor, concolor, bicorpor.Adjectives in ES : as, ales, dives, locuples, sospes, superstes,deses, reses, hebes, teres, prcepes.Adjectives in OS : as, compos, impos, exos.Also pubis, impubis, supplex, comis, inop)S, vigil, sons, insons,intercus, redux, and perhaps some others.Cceter, or ceeterus, the rest, is scarcely used in the nominativesin gular masculineVictrix, victorious, and ultrix, revengeful, are feminine onlyin the singular, but feminine and neuter, in the plural ; victrlces,victricia.IIREDUXDAOT ADJECTIVES.6. Some adjectives compounded of cllvus,frenum, bacillum, arma,jugurn,llmus, somnus, and animus, have two forms of declension ; one in us, of thefirst and second declensions ; and another in is, of the third ; as, acclivus,•a, -urn, and acclivis, -e, steep ;imbecillus, and imbecillis, weak ; semisomnus,and semisomnis, half-sleeping ; exanwius, and exaiii?nis, dead. Also,hilaris, and hildrus, merry.Obs. Some of these compounds do not admit of this variation ; as..magnanirnus, flexanimus, ejfrenus, levisoinnus, not magnaiiimis. &c. On thecontraiy, pusillanimis, injugis, illlmis, insomnis, exsomnis, are used, andnot pusillanimus,
- Page 17 and 18: —§ 1 LETTERS. 3a consonant. The
- Page 19 and 20: § 3 SYLLABLES. 5lowed by a consona
- Page 21 and 22: ;§ 3 SYLLABLES. 723.— Accent is
- Page 23 and 24: ;§ 5, 6 PARTS OF SPEECH.—OF THE
- Page 25 and 26: § 7 ACCIDENTS OF THE NOUN. 1139.
- Page 27 and 28: —§ 8 DECLENSION. 135. The Vocati
- Page 29 and 30: §9 FIRST DECLENSION. 1560.—The f
- Page 31 and 32: —§ 10 SECOND DECLENSION. 17Like
- Page 33 and 34: :§10 SECOND DECLENSION. 19Regnum,
- Page 35 and 36: —:§ 10 THIRD DECLENSION. 21GREEK
- Page 37 and 38: 12 THIRD DECLENSION. 285. In the fo
- Page 39 and 40: —:& 12 THIKD DECLENSION. 2582.—
- Page 41 and 42: —§ 13 THIRD DECLENSION. 27§ 13.
- Page 43 and 44: —:§ 13 THIRD DECLENSION. 296. Ex
- Page 45 and 46: § 15 THIRD DECLENSION. SIABLATIVE
- Page 47 and 48: § 16 FOURTH DECLENSION. 33Bos, an
- Page 49 and 50: :§ 16 FOURTH DECLENSION. 35Exc. 3.
- Page 51 and 52: :;§17 FIFTH DECLENSION. 372. Facie
- Page 53 and 54: —;;§ IS IRREGULAR NOUNS. 394. Ne
- Page 55 and 56: ;§ 18 IRREGULAR NOUNS. 41Ablative.
- Page 57 and 58: —:::§ 18 IKKEGULAR NOUNS. 43the
- Page 59 and 60: •:§ 18 IRREGULAR NOUNS. 45are pr
- Page 61 and 62: § 18 IRREGULAR NOUNS. 47SuffImen,
- Page 63 and 64: —.§ 20 ADJECTIVES. 49§ 20. ADJE
- Page 65 and 66: —§ 21 ADJECTIVES. 51Note 2. Aliu
- Page 67: —:§21 ADJECTIVES. 53JExc. Plus,
- Page 71 and 72: .:§ 24 NUMERAL ADJECTIVES. 57§ 24
- Page 73 and 74: § 24 NUMEKAL ADJECTIVES. 59Duo, tw
- Page 75 and 76: § 24 NUMERAL ADJECTIVES. 61Ordinal
- Page 77 and 78: § 25 COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES. 631
- Page 79 and 80: §;;;§26 COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES.
- Page 81 and 82: ;§ 27 DERIVATION OF ADJECTIVES. 67
- Page 83 and 84: § 28 PRONOUNS.Tu, thou, Second Per
- Page 85 and 86: :§ *28 pboxouxs. 71cerunt, " his f
- Page 87 and 88: :;§ 30 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. 73and
- Page 89 and 90: 98,§ 31 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS. 75
- Page 91 and 92: § 33 RELATIVE PRONOUN. 77rendered
- Page 93 and 94: —§ 34 INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN. 79P
- Page 95 and 96: § 37 COMPOUND PRONOUNS. 81Quicunqu
- Page 97 and 98: § 38 THE VERB. 83Obs. 2. Some of t
- Page 99 and 100: § 39 THE VERB. 85§ 39. DIFFERENT
- Page 101 and 102: .—§ 41 THE VERR— VOICE. 87the
- Page 103 and 104: § 42 THE VERB.— MOODS. 891st. It
- Page 105 and 106: ——§ 43 THE VERB.— TENSES. 91
- Page 107 and 108: § 44 THE VERB.—TENSES. 93English
- Page 109 and 110: ;§ 44 THE VERB.—TENSES. 95true a
- Page 111 and 112: ;§ 45 THE VERB.—TENSES. 97170
- Page 113 and 114: ———§ 45 THE VEKB.—TENSES.
- Page 115 and 116: ——;§ 47 THE VERB.—TENSES. 10
- Page 117 and 118: 5—§ 47 THE VERB.—TENSES. 103th
.§ 22 ADJECTIVES. 55Primoris, genitive, first, wants <strong>the</strong> nominative and vocativesingular, and <strong>the</strong> nominative, accusative, and vocative pluralneuter; likewise semiuecis, half dead, which is not used in <strong>the</strong>neuter, and has seminecum in <strong>the</strong> genitive plural.Pauci, few ; and plerlque, <strong>the</strong> most part, are seldom used in<strong>the</strong> singular.4. <strong>The</strong> following classes <strong>of</strong> words want <strong>the</strong> vocative ; viz :Partitives; as, quldam, alius: Relatives; as, quails, quantus :Negatives; as, nullus, neuter: Interrogative^ ; as, qubtus ?titer?Except aliquis, quicunque, quilibet, and quisque. (See 131.)5. <strong>The</strong> following adjectives <strong>of</strong> one termination, in <strong>the</strong> subjoinedlist, are scarcely used in <strong>the</strong> nominative, accusative, orvocative plural <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> neuter gender ; viz :Adjectives in ER : as, pauper, puber, celer, degener, itber.Adjectives in FEX :as, artifex, camifex.Adjectives in OR : as, memor, concolor, bicorpor.Adjectives in ES : as, ales, dives, locuples, sospes, superstes,deses, reses, hebes, teres, prcepes.Adjectives in OS : as, compos, impos, exos.Also pubis, impubis, supplex, comis, inop)S, vigil, sons, insons,intercus, redux, and perhaps some o<strong>the</strong>rs.Cceter, or ceeterus, <strong>the</strong> rest, is scarcely used in <strong>the</strong> nominativesin gular masculineVictrix, victorious, and ultrix, revengeful, are feminine onlyin <strong>the</strong> singular, but feminine and neuter, in <strong>the</strong> plural ; victrlces,victricia.IIREDUXDAOT ADJECTIVES.6. Some adjectives compounded <strong>of</strong> cllvus,frenum, bacillum, arma,jugurn,llmus, somnus, and animus, have two forms <strong>of</strong> declension ; one in us, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>first and second declensions ; and ano<strong>the</strong>r in is, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> third ; as, acclivus,•a, -urn, and acclivis, -e, steep ;imbecillus, and imbecillis, weak ; semisomnus,and semisomnis, half-sleeping ; exanwius, and exaiii?nis, dead. Also,hilaris, and hildrus, merry.Obs. Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se compounds do not admit <strong>of</strong> this variation ; as..magnanirnus, flexanimus, ejfrenus, levisoinnus, not magnaiiimis. &c. On <strong>the</strong>contraiy, pusillanimis, injugis, illlmis, insomnis, exsomnis, are used, andnot pusillanimus,
Change language