The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org

—g 160 PROSODY.—QUANTITY. 313Rule 3. Verbs of the second conjugation have e long in thesecond person singular of the imperative active ; as, doce,mane, &c. But cave, vale, and vide, are sometimes short.Rule 4. Adverbs, from adjectives of the first and seconddeclensions, have final e long ; as, placide, pulchre, valde (contracted for valide).So, also, ferme, fere, and ohe.Exc. But, bene, male, inferne, and superne, are short.823.I final.Rule XVIII. / final is long ;as, dorninl, fill, &aExc. 1. /final is common in mihi, tibi, sibi ; also in ibi, ubi, nisi, quasi.Sometimes uti, and cui as a dissyllable, have i short Sicuti, sicubi, andnecubi, are always shortExc. 2. / final is short in Greek vocatives and datives ; as, Alexia, Daphni; Palladi, Troasi, and Troasin.O final,824.quando.Rule XIX. final is common ; as, Virgo, dmo,Exc. 1. Monosyllables in o are long; as, 0, do, sto, pro.Exc. 2. The dative and ablative in o are long ; as, libro,domino. Also Greek nouns in o ; as, Dido, Sappho.Exc. 3. Ablatives used as adverbs have o long ; as, certo, /also, paulo ;quo, ed, and their compounds ; illo, idcirco, citro, retro, ultro, ergo (for thesake of).Exc. 4. Ego, scio, the defective verb cedo ; also homo, cito, illico, immo,duo, ambo, modo, and its compounds; quomodo, dummodb, postmodo, arealmost always short.Exc. 5. In Virgil, the gerund in do is long ; in other poets, mostly shortU, and Y, final.825.Moly.Rule XX. U final is long; Y final is short ; as, vultu,B, D, L, M, R, T, final826.—Rule XXI. B, D, L, R, and T, in the end of a word,are short ; as, ab, apud, semel, consul, pater, caput.827.—EXPLANATION.—This rule does not apply, if any of these finalletters are preceded by a diphthong, or if the syllable is contracted, or madeoy position : as, aut, obit for abiit, amamt.14