The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org
The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org
.—'296 SYNTAX.—ANALYSIS. § 152757.—The subject of a proposition may be an infinitive mood, with orwithout a subject; or a clause of a sentence; as, humanum est err are.Incerta pro certis habere stultissimum est. Nunc opus est, ttanion o vale re. Rellquum est, ut officii s cert em us inter nos158.—THE PREDICATE.I. The Predicate, like the subject, is either grammatical or logicalThe grammatical predicate consists of the attribute and copula, notmodified by other words.The logical predicate is the grammatical, with all the words or phrasesthat modify it ; thus, vir bonus sui si mil em queer it ; the grammaticalpredicate is qucerit ; the logical, qucerit similem sui.When thegrammatical predicate has no modifying terms, the logicaland grammatical are the same.II. The predicate, like the subject, is either simple or compound.A simple predicate affirms but one thing of its subject ; as, vita br evisest ; ignis uritA compound predicate consists of two or more simple predicates affirmedof one subject ; as, Caesar venit, vldit, vie it. Probitas lauddturet alget.759.—MODIFICATIONS OF THE PREDICATE.The grammatical predicate may be modified or limited in different wayaI. When the attribute in the predicate is a noun, it is modified1. By a noun or pronoun limiting or describing the attribute ; as, honor*st prazmium virtictis. Invidia est supplicium suum.2. By an adjective or participle limiting the attribute ; as, ira furorbrevis est.II. YvThen the grammatical predicate is an attributive verb, it is modified—1. By a noun or pronoun as its object; as, res amlcos invenit. Lausdebetur virtuti. Sajnens imperat cupiditatibus. Ventercaret auribus.2. By an adverb ; as, bis dat qui cito dat ; be n e scribit.3. By an adjunct; as, venit in urbem; ex urbe venii.4. By an infinitive ; as, cupio disc ere.5. By a dependent clause; as, poeta dicit I ram esse brevem insaniam.— Gonstituit ut ludi fierent.760.—Nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and other words modifying thepredicate, may themselves be modified, as similar words are when modifyingthe subjectInfinitives and participles modifying the predicate, may themselves bemodified in all respects, as the attributive verb is modified.COMPOUND SENTENCES.7B1.—A Compound sentence consists of two or more simple sentence*
§ 152 SYNTAX.—ANALYSIS. 297or propositions connected together. The propositions which make up acompound sentence, are called members or clauses.762.— The propositions or clauses of a compound sentence, are eitherindependent or dependent ; in other words, coordinate, or subordinate.An independent clause is one that makes complete sense by itself.A dependent clause is one that makes complete sense only in connectionwith another clause.The clause on which another depends, is called the leading clause ; itssubject is the leading subject; and its predicate, the leading predicate.763.—Clauses of the same kind, whether independent or dependent,are connected by such conjunctions as et, ac, at que, nee, neque, aut, vcl, efce.764.— Dependent clauses having finite verbs, are connected with theirleading clauses in three different ways.1. By a relative ; as, vir sapit, qui pauca loquitur.2. By a conjunction ; as, loqudces, s i sapiat, vltet.3. By an adverb; &s,ubi quid ddtur otii, illudo chartis ; rogabat curunquam fugisset.765.—A subordinate clause, consisting of an infinitive with its subject,is joined to a leading clause without a connecting word ; as, gaudeote valere.ABRIDGED PROPOSITIONS.766.—A compound sentence is sometimes converted into a simple one,by rejecting the connective, and changing the verb of the dependent clauseinto a participle. A simple sentence thus formed is called an abridged'proposition ; as, bello confecto discessit, for quum bellurn confectum. esset,discessit. Ccesar, hcec locutus, profectus est, for quum Ccesar hcec locutusesset, profectus est.161.—EXAMPLES OF ANALYSIS.1. Vita brevis est.This is a simple sentence, of whichThe logical subject, and also the grammatical, is vita.The logical predicate, and also the grammatical, is brevis est, in whichbrevis is the attribute, and est the copula.This is a simple2. Labuntur anni.sentence, of whichThe logical subject, and also the grammatical, is anni.The logical predicate, and also the grammatical, is labuntur, an attributiveverb including both the attribute and copula.3. Verum decus in virtute positum est.This is a simple sentence, of whichThe logical subject is verum decus.The logical predicate is, in virtute positum est.13*
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§ 152 SYNTAX.—ANALYSIS. 297or propositions connected toge<strong>the</strong>r. <strong>The</strong> propositions which make up acompound sentence, are called members or clauses.762.— <strong>The</strong> propositions or clauses <strong>of</strong> a compound sentence, are ei<strong>the</strong>rindependent or dependent ; in o<strong>the</strong>r words, coordinate, or subordinate.An independent clause is one that makes complete sense by itself.A dependent clause is one that makes complete sense only in connectionwith ano<strong>the</strong>r clause.<strong>The</strong> clause on which ano<strong>the</strong>r depends, is called <strong>the</strong> leading clause ; itssubject is <strong>the</strong> leading subject; and its predicate, <strong>the</strong> leading predicate.763.—Clauses <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same kind, whe<strong>the</strong>r independent or dependent,are connected by such conjunctions as et, ac, at que, nee, neque, aut, vcl, efce.764.— Dependent clauses having finite verbs, are connected with <strong>the</strong>irleading clauses in three different ways.1. By a relative ; as, vir sapit, qui pauca loquitur.2. By a conjunction ; as, loqudces, s i sapiat, vltet.3. By an adverb; &s,ubi quid ddtur otii, illudo chartis ; rogabat curunquam fugisset.765.—A subordinate clause, consisting <strong>of</strong> an infinitive with its subject,is joined to a leading clause without a connecting word ; as, gaudeote valere.ABRIDGED PROPOSITIONS.766.—A compound sentence is sometimes converted into a simple one,by rejecting <strong>the</strong> connective, and changing <strong>the</strong> verb <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> dependent clauseinto a participle. A simple sentence thus formed is called an abridged'proposition ; as, bello confecto discessit, for quum bellurn confectum. esset,discessit. Ccesar, hcec locutus, pr<strong>of</strong>ectus est, for quum Ccesar hcec locutusesset, pr<strong>of</strong>ectus est.161.—EXAMPLES OF ANALYSIS.1. Vita brevis est.This is a simple sentence, <strong>of</strong> which<strong>The</strong> logical subject, and also <strong>the</strong> grammatical, is vita.<strong>The</strong> logical predicate, and also <strong>the</strong> grammatical, is brevis est, in whichbrevis is <strong>the</strong> attribute, and est <strong>the</strong> copula.This is a simple2. Labuntur anni.sentence, <strong>of</strong> which<strong>The</strong> logical subject, and also <strong>the</strong> grammatical, is anni.<strong>The</strong> logical predicate, and also <strong>the</strong> grammatical, is labuntur, an attributiveverb including both <strong>the</strong> attribute and copula.3. Verum decus in virtute positum est.This is a simple sentence, <strong>of</strong> which<strong>The</strong> logical subject is verum decus.<strong>The</strong> logical predicate is, in virtute positum est.13*
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