The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org

—;;§ 151 SYNTAX.—LATIN ARRANGEMENT. 293#5th. Is, Hie, hie, iste, are generally placed before the substantive, and, ifused substantively, are placed before the participle.741.Rule III. The relative is commonly placed after, and.as near as possible to its antecedent.Obs. 1. The relative is commonly the first word of its own clause, andwhen it stands for et Hie, et hie, et is, or for these pronouns without el, (295,1st,) it is always first. Sometimes, however, the relative and its clause,precede the antecedent and its clause.740.Rule IV. The governing word is generally placedafter the word governed ;as, Cartlwgi niensium dux— laudisavlclus— Romanorum ditissimus — hostem fudit, &c. Hence,06s. 2. The finite verb is commonly the last in its own- clause. To this,however, there are many exceptions.743. Rule V. Adverbs are generally introduced before theword which they are intended to modify ; as, Leviter cegrotantes,le niter curant. Cic.744.Rule VI.Conjunctions generally introduce the clauseto which they belong ;as, at si dares ;— sed profecto in omni refor tun a domindtur.Exc. 1. The enclitics que, ve, ne, are always annexed—the two first, tothe latter of the two words which they serve to connect ; as, albus aterve.Cic. Boni mallque —and the last, to the subject which the questionchiefly regards ; thus, loquarne ? " shall I speak f* egone loquar $ " shall Ispeak PExc. 2. The conjunctions autem, eni?n, vero, quoque, quidem, are alwaysplaced after the introductory word of the clause, generally in the secondplace, and sometimes in the third ;etiam, igiiur, and tamen, more frequentlyin the second and the third place than in the first.745.Rule VII. Words connected in sense, should be asclose as possible to each other, and the words of one clauseshould never be mixed with those of another.746. Rule VIII. Circumstances, viz : the cause,—the manner,—theinstrument,—the time,— the place, &c, are put beforethe predicate ; as,Eum ferro occidi — Ego te ob egregiam virtutem semper amavi.747. Rule IX. The proper name should precede the nameof rank or profession ; as, Cicero orator.748. Rule X. The vocative should either introduce thesentence, or be placed among the first words ; as, Credo vos,ju dices.749.Rule XL When there is an antithesis, the wordschiefly opposed to each other, should be as close together aspossible ; as, Appeiis pecuniam, virtutem abjicis.