The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org

—§ 145 SYNTAX.—MOODS. 2811st. When the dependent clause expresses purpose or design, or when" that" is equivalent to " in order that" " so that" ut with the subjunctive isused. 627-1. 2d.2d. After verbs of endeavoring, aiming, accomplishing, such as facto,officio, perjicio, (fee, the subjunctive with ut is always used. Hence arisesthe use of facere ut, instead of the indicative, to denote a fact ; thus, fecitut di m itteret miUtes, is equivalent to dimlsit milites.3d. Verbs signifying to request, demand, admonish, advise, commission^encourage, command, and the like, usually take the subjunctive with ut vwhich may generally be rendered as the infinitive ; as, prwcepit ut irem^" He commanded me to go."Note.—In narrative, dependent clauses, expressing obliquely the wish,command, or message of another, whether the verb be in the subjunctivewith ut or ne. or in the infinitive with a subject, or both in connection,often depend o^ j, word denoting to say, saying, understood, or implied inthe leading verb; as, Ad Bocchum nuntios mittit [qui dice rent ut)quamprlmum copias adduceret ; prcelii faciundi tempus adesse. Sall. Jug.,97. Verba fctcit (die ens) se arma cepisse. Id. 102.4th. Ut with the subjunctive follows verbs signifying to happen, to occur,Ac, as, ft, incidit, occurrit, contingit ; est, restat, superest, (fee 62*7-1. 4th.5th. Verbs signifying willingness, unwillingness, permission, necessity,&c, commonly take the accusative with the infinitive. Also, generally,verbs denoting seeing, hearing, knowing, feeling, thinking, saying, (fee, butsometimes they take the subjunctive.6th. When the dependent clause expresses, not a thought or conceptiononly, but a fact, the verb is put in the indicative or subjunctive with quod ;as, Inter causas malorum nostrbrum est quod vivimus ad exempla.7th. After verbs denoting a feeling of pain or pleasure, and the outwardexpression of those feelings, such as. gaudeo, detector, angor, doleo,and the like, quod, " that," in the sense of u because," with the indicative orsubjunctive is used, or the accusative with the infinitive ; as, Quodspiralis (or vos spir dr e) indignaniur. Whether the indicative or subjunctiveis to be used, depends on whether the proposition expresses afact, or only a conception of the mind.678.— Obs. 6. After such verbs as existimo, puto, spero, affirmo, susplcor,(fee, the place of the future infinitive is elegantly supplied by fore,or futurum esse, followed by ut with the subjunctive ; as, Nunquam puiavifore ut supplex ad te venirem ; for (ine) venturum esse.This construction is necessary when the verb has no supine, and consequentlyno future infinitive active. See 179-9. Fore is sometimes usedwith the perfect participle, to denote a future action in the passive voice ;as, Quod videret nomine pads helium involutum fo r e.679. Obs. 7. The verb on which the infinitive depends is sometimesv)mitted, especially in interrogations, or exclamations, expressive of indignation; as, Mine incepto desist ere nee posse, (fee. Vieg. In suchcases, some such expression as credibile est is understood.680. Exc. The historical infinitive has its subject in the nominative(.310 and 669); as, Fama praiclara esse, "His fame urns illustrious." Sall.