The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org

——§ 145 SYNTAX.—MOODS. 279only in suboi ad dependent propositions. These propositioLs themselveshave a substantive character, and generally stand in the relation ofsubstantives to a v%i b, or phrase, on which they depend; sometimes as anominative to, or the subject of the verb, but generally as an object or anaccusative after it. Thus used, they may be called substantive clauses—and as such, they fall under the two preceding rules. Thus :1st. The infinitive with a subject must be considered as the nominativewhen it is the subject of a sentence, i. e. when anything is declared of it;as, te non istud audlvisse mirum est, " that you have not heard thatis wonderful." Here, te non istud audlvisse stands as the nominative toest. Rule LVI. See 661.2d. The infinitive with its subject is the accusative or object after averb, when it has for its direct object, the idea expressed by a dependentinfinitive clause, or when such clause takes the place of a noun or pronoungoverned by the verb; as, mlror te non s crib ere, "I wonder thaiyou do not write!' Here, te non scribere stands as the object of mlror,which governs it as an accusative by Rule LVII, or XX. See 664.Note,—The verbs which admit an infinitive with its subject as theirdirect object, are those which denote an action of our senses, or internalfaculties, or such as denote feel? ng, knowing, thinking, or saying ; as. audio,video, sentio, cognosco, intelllgo, memini, puto, duco, dlco, prodo serlbo, promiito,and the like. These seldom take a conjunction (ut or quod)^xit\i theindicative or subjunctive as their object. See Obs. 5, et seq.671.Rule LVIII. The subjectof the infinitiveis put. in the accusative; as,Gaudeo te valere,I am glad that you are well.672.—EXPLANATION.—The subject of the infinitive is the person orthing spoken of in the dependent clause, and may be, as in Rule IV., a noun,a pronoun, &c, and is always to be in the accusative case ;except as in 669.Under this Rule, the infinitive with its subject forms a distinct proposition,and is equivalent to the indicative, or subjunctive mood in English,together with the connective "that." Thus, in the example, te valere containsthe simple proposition, "You are well." The equivalent of the English" that," connecting: it as a subordinate clause with the preceding verb,is implied in the infinitive form. If the infinitive stand after an accusativewhich does not form with it a distinct proposition, i. e. which is not itssubject, it does not belong to this Rule, but the accusative is governed byRule XX. ; as, Proteus pecus egit altos visere monies. Hoe. Hence.OBSERVATIONS.673. Obs. 1. The English particle "that," may be called the sign ofthe accusative before the infinitive, being used to connect the infinitiveclause with the preceding. It may often be omitted, however, in translating,as it frequently is in English ; thus, aiunt regent, adventure, " they saythe king is coming, c r, " that the king is coming."