The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org

—;;260 SYNTAX.—MOODS. §138620,—EXPLANATION.—In clauses connected, the present, the perfect,and periphrastic future with sim or fuerim, 214-8, in the subjunctive mood,may follow either the present, or the perfect definite, or the futures, of theindicative, or the imperative mood. In like manner, the imperfect, thepluperfect, and the periphrastic future with essem or fuissem, in the subjunctivemood, may follow either the imperfect, or the perfect indefinite, or thepluperfect in the indicative.621. Obs. 1. When the present tense of the indicative is used in narrationfor the past, 157-3, it may be followed by the secondary tenses ofthe subjunctive, as Legatos mittunt at pdeem impetr arent.622.— Obs. 2. Primary tenses are sometimes followed by secondary,and secondary by primary, in order to express actions whose time is different.623.— Obs. 3. When the subjunctive follows an infinitive or participlein the primary clause, the class of tenses employed, usually correspondsto the time of the verb on which the infinitive or participle depends.N. B. This rule and the observations under it, are to be regarded asstating only general principles, the deviations from which, in expressingthe endless variety of relations among actions with, reference to time, dependence,&c, can be learned only by practice and close attention to classicusage.For the interchange of tenses in the same and in different moods, seeobservations on the tenses, §§44 and 45.624.—§ 138. CONSTRUCTION OF THE INDICATIVEMOOD.1. The indicative mood is used in Latin, to express what isactual and certain, in an absolute and independent manneras, veni, vidi, vlci, " I came, saw, and conquered." It is alsoused in direct and independent interrogations ; as, Quid dgis ?" what are you doing ?"2. The indicative mood is used in conditional and dependentclauses, to denote, not what is contingent or uncertain, butwhat is supposed, or admitted as fact ; as, Si vales , bene est,"if you are in health, it is well," i. e. "since you are inhealth."3. Independent assertions made in English by.shall, will, can,may, ought, and the like, are made in Latin by the indicativeof verbs expressing these ideas ; as, volumus Ire, " we willgo," deles facere, u you ought to do it," 147. hi general, theverbs oportet, necesse est, debeo, convenit, possum, licet ;— also,the expressions par, fas, cequum, justum, consentaneum est—