The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org
The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org
——;;264 SYNTAX.—PEEPOSITIONS. § 136608.Rule LI. The prepositions in and subdenoting situation, govern the ablative ;subter either the accusative or ablative ;super andas,Jacet in terra,Medici in urbe,Inpoetis,Sub mcenlbus,He lies upon the ground.In the middle of the city.Among the poets.Under the walls.609.— Obs. 3. To both of these rules there are some exceptions. Instancesoccur in which in and sub denoting motion to, or tendency towards,instead of the accusative, govern the ablative; as, In conspectu meoaudet ventre ; sub jug o dictator hostem misit. Others are found in whichthey govern the accusative when they denote situation; as, Mihi inon ente m fuit. Hastes sub mont e m consedisse, (fee.610.— Obs. 4. The preposition in with the accusative, usually signifiesinto, towards, until, for, against ; with the ablative in, upon, among.With both these cases, however, considerable variety of translation isnecessary to convey correctly the idea of the original. The followingare instances, " In the case of," talis in hoste fuit Priamo. Virg. " Onaccount of," in quo facto domum revoedtus — In sex mensibus, "withinsix months ;" in dies, " from day to day." So, in horas, " from hour tchour ;" in capita, "per head;" in pueritia, " during boyhood ;" in hoc tempore," at this time,"
——)§ 137 SYNTAX OF THE VERB.—TENSES. 265volo ; obeo % proetereo, abdico, effero, everto, (fee. Some compounds with inter,and prater, commonly omit the preposition. The compounds of in, ob, andsub, generally take the dative ; those of super, generally the accusative.016. Obs. 8. Some verbs compounded with e, or ex, are followed byan accusative or ablative ; as, exlre llmen. Ter. exlre septis. Virg. Somewords compounded with prce, take an accusative ; as, Tlbur aquce prcefluunt.Hor. In some of these cases, however, the accusative may begoverned by prater or extra, understood.617. Obs. 9. The case governed by the preposition in composition issometimes omitted ; as, Emittere servum, sc. manu. Plaut. Evomere virus,sc. ore. Cic. Educere copias, sc. castris. (Les.For the construction of interjections, see § 117.SYNTAX OF THE VERB.§ 137. CONNECTION OF TENSES.\618.—The tenses in the indicative and subjunctive moods, so far asrelates to their construction, may be divided into two classes, Primary andbecondarj, as follows,Primary.Secondary.PresentImperfect.Perfect definite. 162. . Terfect indefinite. 163.Futures.Pluperfect.With the primary tenses may be classed, the Imperative Mood.Of these tenses, the Primary are used to express actions, (fee, as presentor future ; the Secondary, in the recital of these actions as past.In the construction of sentences consisting of different members, thesubjunctive mood, in the subordinate or secondary parts, usually corresponds,in time, to the tense in the primary, or leading part. Hence the followingRule.619. Rule LIII. Any tense of the subjunctivemood, may follow a tense of the same class inthe indicative ; as,Pres. Lego, \ I read,Perf. Def. Legi, v ut discam, I have read, id, \ \\ that I may learn.Fut. . Legam, ) I will read,Imper. Lege, ut disc-as, Read, that you may learn.Lmterf. Legebam,I was reading,JPer. Indef. Legi, v ut discerem, I read, j- that I might learn,Plup. Legeram, ) I had read, )12
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——;;264 SYNTAX.—PEEPOSITIONS. § 136608.Rule LI. <strong>The</strong> prepositions in and subdenoting situation, govern <strong>the</strong> ablative ;subter ei<strong>the</strong>r <strong>the</strong> accusative or ablative ;super andas,Jacet in terra,Medici in urbe,Inpoetis,Sub mcenlbus,He lies upon <strong>the</strong> ground.In <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> city.Among <strong>the</strong> poets.Under <strong>the</strong> walls.609.— Obs. 3. To both <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se rules <strong>the</strong>re are some exceptions. Instancesoccur in which in and sub denoting motion to, or tendency towards,instead <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> accusative, govern <strong>the</strong> ablative; as, In conspectu meoaudet ventre ; sub jug o dictator hostem misit. O<strong>the</strong>rs are found in which<strong>the</strong>y govern <strong>the</strong> accusative when <strong>the</strong>y denote situation; as, Mihi inon ente m fuit. Hastes sub mont e m consedisse, (fee.610.— Obs. 4. <strong>The</strong> preposition in with <strong>the</strong> accusative, usually signifiesinto, towards, until, for, against ; with <strong>the</strong> ablative in, upon, among.With both <strong>the</strong>se cases, however, considerable variety <strong>of</strong> translation isnecessary to convey correctly <strong>the</strong> idea <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> original. <strong>The</strong> followingare instances, " In <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong>," talis in hoste fuit Priamo. Virg. " Onaccount <strong>of</strong>," in quo facto domum revoedtus — In sex mensibus, "withinsix months ;" in dies, " from day to day." So, in horas, " from hour tchour ;" in capita, "per head;" in pueritia, " during boyhood ;" in hoc tempore," at this time,"
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