The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org

—§104 SYNTAX.—GOVERNMENT. 221the nominative, according to the rule ; as, esto t u, Ccesar, a m ic u a ; butsometimes it is put in the vocative ; as, typhus, Hector, ab oris erpectcite rents (Vihg.), for expectatus. Hence the phrase, Made virilde esto,for m act us.324.— 06.9.4. The noun opus, commonly rendered " needful," is oftenused as a predicate after sum ; as, dux nobis op u s est, ' k a leader iswanted by us."1.—Such expressions as audlvi hoc puer,— rempubfacam defend).adolescens,— sapiens nil fdcit invltus, belong more properly to Rules I. andII. than to this (251 and 263).325.Obs. 5.The accusative or dative before the infinitive under thisRule, requires the same case after it in the predicate ; as,know that thou art b rave.Novvmus te esse fort em We,Mi hi negl i gent i lion esse licet, I am not allowed to be negligent.Note 2.—In this construction, the infinitive is sometimes omitted ; as,novzmus te fortern, for esse fortem.32(3. Obs. 6. When the subject of the infinitive is the same with thesubject of the preceding verb, it is often omitted, in which ease the predicateafter the infinitive is in the nominative agreeing with the precedjnpsubject, or in the accusative agreeing with the subject of the infinitiveunderstood ;as, cupio dici doctus, or cupio did docium, i. e. me did docfmn," I desire to be called learned." The first of these is a Greek construction,and seldom used by Latin prose writers. See Gr. Gram., § 116, 3.327. Obs. 1. When the infinitive of such verbs has a dative before it,,t may be followed either by a dative or an accusative ; as, licet m i h i e*sscbed to ; or, licet m i h i esse beatum,"! may be happy." In the first case,beaio agrees with mihi ; in the second, beatum agrees with me, to be suppliedas the subject of esse. Sometimes, when the sentence is indefinite,the dative also is understood; as, licet esse beatum (sc. ahcui), " one maybe happy." The first of these forms also is a Greek construction. SeeGr. Gram., g 175, Obs. 5.328.— Obs. 8. This variety of case after the infinitive, is admissibleonlv with the nominative, dative, and accusative. The other cases beforethe" infinitive have the accusative after it, agreeing with the subject of theinfinitive understood ; as, interest omnium (s e) esse bonos329.—§ 104. GOVERNMENT.1. Government is the power which one word has over another depending upon it,requiring it to be put in a certain case, mood, or tense.2. The words subject to government are nouns and verbs.3. The words governing or affecting these in their case, mood, or tense,sn nouns, adjectives, pronouns, verbs, and words indeclinable.