The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org
The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org
—208 SYNTAX.—SUBSTANTIVE. § 97—description, or appellative, belonging to the first, and must always be in thesame member of the sentence; i. e., they must be both in the subject, orboth in the predicate. A substantive predicated of another, though denotingthe same thing, is not in apposition with it, and does not come under thisrule. § 103.This rule applies to all substantive words, such as personal and relativepronouns, adjectives used substantively, &c.Nouns in apposition are often connected, in English, by such particles asas, being, for, like, &c. ; as, Pater misit me comitem, " My father sent me asa companion," u /or a companion," &c.253.OBSERVATIONS.Obs. 1. It is not necessary that nouns in apposition agree ingender, number, or person. In these respects, they are often different; as,Magnum pauperies opprobrium. Hor. Alexin delicias domlni. Vlrg.254. Obs. 2. Two or more nouns in the singular, have a noun in appositionin the plural ; as, M. Antonius, C. Cassius, tribun i plebis, " MarcusAntonius, Cains Cassius, tribunes of the people." Also if the singularnouns be of different genders, the plural in apposition will have the masculinerather than the feminine, if both forms exist ; as, Ad Ptolemceum etCleopatra?n reges (not reglnas), Ugati missi. Lrv.255.— Obs 3. The substantive pronoun, having a word in apposition,is frequently omitted ; as, Consul dixi (scil. ego), " (I) the consul said."256.— Obs. 4. The possessive pronoun, being equivalent to the genitiveof the personal has a noun in apposition w T ith it in the genitive ; as, pectustuum, h o m t n i s simplicis.257. Obs. 5. Sometimes the former noun denotes a whole, of whichthe noun in apposition expresses the parts ; as, Oner ar i 02, pars aduEghnurum,— a lice adversus urbem ipsam deldtce sunt, uThe ships ofburden were carried, part to iEgiinurus, others against the city itself."So, Q u i s que pro se queruntur, " lltey complain each for himself"258.— Obs. 6. A sentence or clause may supply the place of one ofthe substantives ; as, Cogitet oratorem institui, rem arduam, " Let him considerthat an orator is training, a difficult matter."259.— Obs. 1. A demonstrative pronoun, in the neuter gender, sometimesrefers to a phrase, or a dependent clause in apposition, and, in construction,takes the place of that clause, &c, either as the subject or theobject of a verb; as, Vetus nobilitas, majorum fortia facta, cognatorum etatjinium opes, multce clientelce, omnia hjec prcesidio adsunt. Sall., Jug., 80.Hoc txbi persuadeas velim, me nihil omisisse. ExercUum supplicio cogere iid est dominum, non imperatorcm esse. Sall., Jug., 85.Exceptions.260. Exc. 1. Sometimes the latter substantive is put in the genitive;as, fons Timavi, "the fountain of Timavus;" amnis Eridani, "the riverEridanus;" arbor fici, "the fig tree nomen ;'" Mercurii est mild. Wordsth js construed may be referred to 332.
——Bonarum§ 98 SYNTAX.—ADJECTIVE 209261. Exc. 2. A proper name after the generic term nomen, or cognomen,sometimes elegantly takes the case of the person in the dative ; as,Nomen Arctv.ro est mihi, '•' I have the name Arcturus." Plaut. So, Cuinunc cognomen lulo additur. Virg. Cui Egerio inditum nomen. LivMansit Sil v i i s postea omnibus cognomen. Id. (433.)262. Exc. 3. The name of a town in the genitive, denoting at aplace may have a noun of the third declension or plural number, in oppositionwith it in the ablative, and vice versa; as, OorinthOAchaiceurbe, " At Corinth, a city of Achaia." This construction depends on therules, 548, 549.§ 98. AN ADJECTIVE WITH A SUBSTANTIVE.263. Rule II. An adjective agrees with, itssubstantive in gender, number, and ease ; as,Bonus vir, a good man.Bona puella, a good girl. .Dulce pomum, a sweet apple.Bonos viros, good men.legum, of good laws.Tins donis, with thy gifts.264.—EXPLANATION.—This rule applies to all adjectives, adjectivepronouns, and participles ; and requires that they be in the same gender,number, and case, with their substantives. 250-2. It applies also, -whenthe substantive is in the subject, and the adjective in the predicate. 822.—The word " substantive," in this rule, includes personal and relative pronouns,and all words or phrases used as substantives.OBSERVATIONS.265.— Obs. 1. Two or more substantives singular, unlesstaken separately,- have an adjective plural ; as,Vir ci puer territi lilpo, A man and a boy terrified by a wolf.,.266.— Obs. 2. If all the substantives be of the same gender,the adjectives will be of that gender, as in the example above.But if the substantives are of different genders, the adjectivetakes the masculine rather than the feminine, and the femininerather than the neuter ;as,Pater mihi, et mater mortui sunt, My father and mother are dead. Ter,267.— Obs. 3. But if they denote things without life, theadjective is commonly neuter. And, if some of the substantivesrefer to things with life, and others to things without life, theadjective is either neuter, or takes the gender of the thing orthings with life ;as,Labor volupiasque sunt diss imili a Toil and pleasure are unlike in nana/urd,ture.
- Page 155 and 156: —;—§ 66 THE VERB.—THIRD CONJ
- Page 157 and 158: They;;\§ 66 THE VERB.—THIRD CONJ
- Page 159 and 160: —67 THE VEKB.— THIRD CONJUGATIO
- Page 161 and 162: ;§ 68 THE VERB.—FOURTH CONJUGATI
- Page 163 and 164: .§ 80 COMPOUND VERBS. 1G5§ 80. CO
- Page 165 and 166: .: 'have§ 81 PERFECTS AND SUPINES.
- Page 167 and 168: ;§ 81 PERFECTS AND SUPINES. 169The
- Page 169 and 170: :§ 81 PERFECTS AND SUPINES. 171Pre
- Page 171 and 172: ;§81 PERFECTS AND SUPINES. 173Pres
- Page 173 and 174: §81 PEEFECTS AND SUPINES. 175Pres.
- Page 175 and 176: '§81 PERFECTS AND SUPINES. 177Pres
- Page 177 and 178: §81 PEEFECTS AND SUPINES. 179Pres.
- Page 179 and 180: —;:;:§ 83 IRREGULAR VERBS. 181Na
- Page 181 and 182: ;;;§ 83 IRREGULAR VERBS. 1833. Eo,
- Page 183 and 184: ;;;;83 IRREGULAR VERBS. 185SUBJUNCT
- Page 185 and 186: ;§ 83 IRREGULAR VERBS. 187In like
- Page 187 and 188: — — —; —§ 84 DEFECTIVE VER
- Page 189 and 190: §85 IMPERSONAL VERBS. 1912. Impers
- Page 191 and 192: ;§ 86 IMPEKSOXAL VERBS. 193224,—
- Page 193 and 194: ;;;;§ 88 DERIVATIVE VERBS. 195227.
- Page 195 and 196: :then;§ 89 ADVERBS. 1974th. JIono?
- Page 197 and 198: .,:§ 90 PREPOSITIONS. 199Positive
- Page 199 and 200: § 91 PREPOSITIONS IN COMPOSITION.
- Page 201 and 202: § 93 conjunctions. 203§ 93. CONJU
- Page 203 and 204: ——§ 95 syntax. 20c244.—§ 95
- Page 205: § 96, 97 SYNTAX.—SUBSTANTIVE. 20
- Page 209 and 210: —,§ 98 SYNTAX.—ADJECTIVE. 2112
- Page 211 and 212: ———;SYNTAX.—RELATIVE. 2 J 3
- Page 213 and 214: ———;:—§ 99 SYNTAX.—RELAT
- Page 215 and 216: ——;§ 100, 101 SYNTAX.—NOMINA
- Page 217 and 218: ——§ 102 SYNTAX.—OBSERVATIONS
- Page 219 and 220: —§104 SYNTAX.—GOVERNMENT. 221t
- Page 221 and 222: ——§ 106 SYNTAX.—GENITIVE. 22
- Page 223 and 224: ——:——;§ 107 SYNTAX.—GENI
- Page 225 and 226: ——v.ter§ 107 SYNTAX.— GENITI
- Page 227 and 228: ——§ 108 SYNTAX.—GENITIVE. 22
- Page 229 and 230: ——§ 110, 111 SYNTAX.—DATIVE.
- Page 231 and 232: ——:§ 112 SYNTAX.—DATIVE. 233
- Page 233 and 234: § 112 SYNTAX.—DATIVE. 2355. Intc
- Page 235 and 236: —:P§ 113 SYNTAX.—DATIYE. 23741
- Page 237 and 238: —'.;§ 114 SYNTAX.—DATIVE. 239g
- Page 239 and 240: ——§ 116 SYNTAX.—ACCUSATIVE.
- Page 241 and 242: ——§118 SYNTAX- -ABLATIVE. 2434
- Page 243 and 244: —;§ 120 SYNTAX.—ABLATIVE. 245c
- Page 245 and 246: —————§ 122 SYNTAX.—ACC
- Page 247 and 248: —§ 123 SYNTAX.- -ACCUSATIVE AND
- Page 249 and 250: ——;;§ 125 SYNTAX—ACCUSATIVE
- Page 251 and 252: ——"he§ 126 SYNTAX.—PASSIVE V
- Page 253 and 254: —§ 129 SYNTAX.—CIRCUMSTANCES.
- Page 255 and 256: ——§ 130 SYNTAX.—CIRCUMSTANCE
——Bonarum§ 98 SYNTAX.—ADJECTIVE 209261. Exc. 2. A proper name after <strong>the</strong> generic term nomen, or cognomen,sometimes elegantly takes <strong>the</strong> case <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> person in <strong>the</strong> dative ; as,Nomen Arctv.ro est mihi, '•' I have <strong>the</strong> name Arcturus." Plaut. So, Cuinunc cognomen lulo additur. Virg. Cui Egerio inditum nomen. LivMansit Sil v i i s postea omnibus cognomen. Id. (433.)262. Exc. 3. <strong>The</strong> name <strong>of</strong> a town in <strong>the</strong> genitive, denoting at aplace may have a noun <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> third declension or plural number, in oppositionwith it in <strong>the</strong> ablative, and vice versa; as, OorinthOAchaiceurbe, " At Corinth, a city <strong>of</strong> Achaia." This construction depends on <strong>the</strong>rules, 548, 549.§ 98. AN ADJECTIVE WITH A SUBSTANTIVE.263. Rule II. An adjective agrees with, itssubstantive in gender, number, and ease ; as,Bonus vir, a good man.Bona puella, a good girl. .Dulce pomum, a sweet apple.Bonos viros, good men.legum, <strong>of</strong> good laws.Tins donis, with thy gifts.264.—EXPLANATION.—This rule applies to all adjectives, adjectivepronouns, and participles ; and requires that <strong>the</strong>y be in <strong>the</strong> same gender,number, and case, with <strong>the</strong>ir substantives. 250-2. It applies also, -when<strong>the</strong> substantive is in <strong>the</strong> subject, and <strong>the</strong> adjective in <strong>the</strong> predicate. 822.—<strong>The</strong> word " substantive," in this rule, includes personal and relative pronouns,and all words or phrases used as substantives.OBSERVATIONS.265.— Obs. 1. Two or more substantives singular, unlesstaken separately,- have an adjective plural ; as,Vir ci puer territi lilpo, A man and a boy terrified by a wolf.,.266.— Obs. 2. If all <strong>the</strong> substantives be <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same gender,<strong>the</strong> adjectives will be <strong>of</strong> that gender, as in <strong>the</strong> example above.But if <strong>the</strong> substantives are <strong>of</strong> different genders, <strong>the</strong> adjectivetakes <strong>the</strong> masculine ra<strong>the</strong>r than <strong>the</strong> feminine, and <strong>the</strong> femininera<strong>the</strong>r than <strong>the</strong> neuter ;as,Pater mihi, et mater mortui sunt, My fa<strong>the</strong>r and mo<strong>the</strong>r are dead. Ter,267.— Obs. 3. But if <strong>the</strong>y denote things without life, <strong>the</strong>adjective is commonly neuter. And, if some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> substantivesrefer to things with life, and o<strong>the</strong>rs to things without life, <strong>the</strong>adjective is ei<strong>the</strong>r neuter, or takes <strong>the</strong> gender <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> thing orthings with life ;as,Labor volupiasque sunt diss imili a Toil and pleasure are unlike in nana/urd,ture.
Change language