The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org

—208 SYNTAX.—SUBSTANTIVE. § 97—description, or appellative, belonging to the first, and must always be in thesame member of the sentence; i. e., they must be both in the subject, orboth in the predicate. A substantive predicated of another, though denotingthe same thing, is not in apposition with it, and does not come under thisrule. § 103.This rule applies to all substantive words, such as personal and relativepronouns, adjectives used substantively, &c.Nouns in apposition are often connected, in English, by such particles asas, being, for, like, &c. ; as, Pater misit me comitem, " My father sent me asa companion," u /or a companion," &c.253.OBSERVATIONS.Obs. 1. It is not necessary that nouns in apposition agree ingender, number, or person. In these respects, they are often different; as,Magnum pauperies opprobrium. Hor. Alexin delicias domlni. Vlrg.254. Obs. 2. Two or more nouns in the singular, have a noun in appositionin the plural ; as, M. Antonius, C. Cassius, tribun i plebis, " MarcusAntonius, Cains Cassius, tribunes of the people." Also if the singularnouns be of different genders, the plural in apposition will have the masculinerather than the feminine, if both forms exist ; as, Ad Ptolemceum etCleopatra?n reges (not reglnas), Ugati missi. Lrv.255.— Obs 3. The substantive pronoun, having a word in apposition,is frequently omitted ; as, Consul dixi (scil. ego), " (I) the consul said."256.— Obs. 4. The possessive pronoun, being equivalent to the genitiveof the personal has a noun in apposition w T ith it in the genitive ; as, pectustuum, h o m t n i s simplicis.257. Obs. 5. Sometimes the former noun denotes a whole, of whichthe noun in apposition expresses the parts ; as, Oner ar i 02, pars aduEghnurum,— a lice adversus urbem ipsam deldtce sunt, uThe ships ofburden were carried, part to iEgiinurus, others against the city itself."So, Q u i s que pro se queruntur, " lltey complain each for himself"258.— Obs. 6. A sentence or clause may supply the place of one ofthe substantives ; as, Cogitet oratorem institui, rem arduam, " Let him considerthat an orator is training, a difficult matter."259.— Obs. 1. A demonstrative pronoun, in the neuter gender, sometimesrefers to a phrase, or a dependent clause in apposition, and, in construction,takes the place of that clause, &c, either as the subject or theobject of a verb; as, Vetus nobilitas, majorum fortia facta, cognatorum etatjinium opes, multce clientelce, omnia hjec prcesidio adsunt. Sall., Jug., 80.Hoc txbi persuadeas velim, me nihil omisisse. ExercUum supplicio cogere iid est dominum, non imperatorcm esse. Sall., Jug., 85.Exceptions.260. Exc. 1. Sometimes the latter substantive is put in the genitive;as, fons Timavi, "the fountain of Timavus;" amnis Eridani, "the riverEridanus;" arbor fici, "the fig tree nomen ;'" Mercurii est mild. Wordsth js construed may be referred to 332.