The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org

.——;6 SYLLABLES. § 320.—The Figures which affect the orthography of words, areas follows :1st. Prosthesis prefixes a letter or syllable to a word ; as, gnatus forndtus,tetulit for tulit.2d. Epenthcsis inserts a letter or syllable in the middle of a word ; as,navita for nauta, Timolus for Tmolus.3d Paragoge adds a letter or syllable to the end of a word ; as, amarierfor amari, &c.4th Aphozresis cuts off a letter or syllable from the beginning of aword ; as, brevis't or brevist for brevis est ; rhdbo for arrhdbo.5th. Syncope takes a letter or syllable from the middle of a word ; as,07 actum for oraculum ; amdrim, for amaverim ; deum for deoru^t.6th. Apocope takes a letter or syllable from the end of a word ; as,Antoni for Antonii, meri for ?nene, die for dice.*7th. Antithesis substitutes one letter for another: as, olli for illi ; vulttvullisy for volt, voltis, contractions for volit, volitis.8th. Metathesis changes the order of letters in a word ; as, pistris forpristis.9th Tmesis separates the parts of a compound word by insertinganother word between them ; as, qua> me cumquc vocant terra?, forquaicumque me, &a.10 th. Anastrophe inverts the order of words; as, dare circum for circumdare.QUANTITY AND ACCENT.21. Quantity is the measure of a syllable in respect of thetime required in pronouncing it.In respect of quantity, a syllable is either long or shortand a long syllable is considered equal to two short ones.22.General Rules.1A diphthong is always long ; as, aurum, poe-na.2. A vowel before another vowel is short ; as, vi-a, de-us.3. A vowel before two consonants or a double consonant islong ;as, consul, penna, traxit.4. A vowel before a mute and a liquid is common ; i. e.,sometimes long and sometimes short; as, cerebrum, or certbrum.[For special rules on this subject, see Prosody.")