The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org

§ 91 PREPOSITIONS IN COMPOSITION. 201§ 91. PREPOSITIONS IN COMPOSITION.237.— 1. " Prepositions are often prefixed toother words, especially to verbs, the meaning ofwhich, they generally modify by their own ;thus,238.—1. A, ab, ab.% " from ;" as, duco, " I lead ;" abduco, " I lead away/'or " from f sometimes it denotes privation ; as, dmens, " mad."2. Ad, " to ;" as, adduco, " I lead to." It is sometimes intensive ; asaddmo, "I love greatly"3. De, in composition generally signifies " downward f as, descendo, " Igo down ;" decido, " I fall down." Sometimes it is intensive ; as, dec." I love greatly ;" sometimes it denotes privation ; as, despero, " I despair fdeinens, " mad."4. E or ex, " out of," " from ;" as, exeo, " I go out." It is sometimes intensive; as, exoro, " I beg earnestly ;" sometimes privative ; as, exsangnis," pale ;" exspes, u hopeless."5. In, u into," " in," " against ;" as, infero, " I bring in ;" irruo, " I rush,against or upon." "With adjectives it generally reverses the signification;as, infidus, " unfaithful ;" indignus, " unworthy." In some compounds, ithas contrary significations, according as they are participles or adjectivesas, invocatus, " called upon ;" "not called upon;" immutatus, "changed,"" unchanged."6. Per, " through," is commonly intensive, especially with adjectives ;as,perfacilis, "very easy." With quean, it is stroDgly intensive ; as, per quamfacili.s, " exceedingly easy." In perfidus, " perfidious," it is negative.7. Prce, " before," with adjectives is intensive ; as, prceclarvs, " veiyclear," " very renowned."8. Pro denotes " forth ;" as, produco, " I lead forth."9. Sub often diminishes the signification ; as, rideo, " I laugh ;" subrideo," I smile ;" albus, " white ;" subalbus, " whitish." Sometimes it denotesmotion upwards ; as, subrigo, " I raise up ;" sometimes concealment ; as,rapio, " I take ;" sicbripio, " I take secretly," " I steal;'Note.—Prepositions frequently seem to add nothing to the words, withwhich they are compounded.Ob*. 1. In combining with the simple word, some prepositions frequentlyundergo a change of form, chiefly for the sake of euphony, for which see215-5.9*