The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org
The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org
—;194 REDUNDANT AND DERIVATIVE VERBS. § 87, 88§ 87. REDUNDANT VERBS.225. Redundant Verbs are those which have more thanone form of the same part, or which have different forms toexpress the same sense ;as, assentio and assentior, fcC to assent ;"fabrico or fabricor, " to frame ;" mereo and mereor, " to deserve;" edis and es, " thou eatest ;" edit and est, " he eats ;"from edo, &c.Redundant verbs, in Latin, are chiefly those which are usedin two different conjugations ; for example,1. Some are usually of the first conjugation, and sometimesof the third ;as, lavo, lavare ; and lavo, lav ere, u to wash."2. Some are usually of the second conjugation, and sometimesof the third ;as,Ferveo, fervere ;and fervo, fervere, to boil.Fulgeo, fulgere ; " fulgo, fulgere, to shine.Strideo, stridere; " strido, stridere, to creak, &c.3. Some are commonly of the third conjugation, and sometimesof the fourth ; as,Fodio, fodere ;and fodio, fodire, to dig.Sallo, sallere " sallio, sallire, to salt, &c.4. Cieo, ciere is commonly of the second conjugation, butsometimes it is cio, clre in the fourth, " to stir up."§ 88. DERIVATIVE VERBS.Verbs are derived either from nouns, or from other verbs.226.— I. Verbs derived from nouns are called Denominatives; as, caino, " to sup ;" laudo, " to praise -" fraudo. " to defraud;" lapido, " to throw stones ;" operor, " to work,"' &c,from coena, laus,fraus, lapis, opus,
;;;;§ 88 DERIVATIVE VERBS. 195227.— II. Verbs derived from other verbs, are chiefly thefollowing ; viz. :1. Frequentatives. These express, frequency of action, andare all of the first conjugation. They are formed from thelast supine, by changing atu into ito:in the verbs of the firstconjugation; and u into o, in verbs of the other three conjugations;thus,Last Sup.Freq.1st. Clamo, to cry ; clamatu, hence clamito, to cry frequently.2d. TerreOj to frighten ; territu, " territo, to frighten often.3d. Verto, to turn; versu, " verso, to turn frequently.4th. Dormio, to sleep ; dormitu, " dormlto, to sleep often.Ill like manner, deponent verbs form frequentatives in or;as, minor, "to threaten;" of which in the active voice, thelatter supine would be mindtu, and hence minitor, il to threatenfrequently," " —ever and anon."Obs. 1. Some frequentatives are formed in an irregularmanner; as, nato, from no; noscito, from nosco ; scltor or rathersciscitor, from scio; pavito, from paveo; sector, from sequor;loqiiitor, from loquor. So qucerito, fundtto, agito, flutto, &c,which formed regularly would be qucesito, fuso, ado, fluxo, eVc.Obs. 2. From frequentative verbs are also formed otherfrequentatives; as, curro, curso, cursito ; pello, pulso, pulsito, or,by contraction,^Uo; capio, capto, captito ; cano, canto, cantMo;defendn. defenso, defensito ; dlco, dicto, dicfito ; &c.Obs. 3.Frequentatives do not always express frequency ofaction. Many of them have much the same sense with theirprimitives, or express the meaning with greater force.2. Inceptive Verbs. These mark the beginning or continuedincrease of an action or state. They are formed by addingco to the second person singular of the present indicativethus,1st Conj. Labo, labas2d " Caleo, cales;3d " Tremo, tremis4thc;Obdormio, obdormisInceptive, labasco."calesco." tremisco" obdormisco.Note.—Bat all verbs in sco are not inceptives. Inceptives are also formedfrom substantives and adjectives; as, puerasco, from puer; dulcesco, fromdulcis : juvenesco, from juvhiis.Obs. 4. All inceptives are intransitives, and of the third
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—;194 REDUNDANT AND DERIVATIVE VERBS. § 87, 88§ 87. REDUNDANT VERBS.225. Redundant Verbs are those which have more thanone form <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> same part, or which have different forms toexpress <strong>the</strong> same sense ;as, assentio and assentior, fcC to assent ;"fabrico or fabricor, " to frame ;" mereo and mereor, " to deserve;" edis and es, " thou eatest ;" edit and est, " he eats ;"from edo, &c.Redundant verbs, in <strong>Latin</strong>, are chiefly those which are usedin two different conjugations ; for example,1. Some are usually <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> first conjugation, and sometimes<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> third ;as, lavo, lavare ; and lavo, lav ere, u to wash."2. Some are usually <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> second conjugation, and sometimes<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> third ;as,Ferveo, fervere ;and fervo, fervere, to boil.Fulgeo, fulgere ; " fulgo, fulgere, to shine.Strideo, stridere; " strido, stridere, to creak, &c.3. Some are commonly <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> third conjugation, and sometimes<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> fourth ; as,Fodio, fodere ;and fodio, fodire, to dig.Sallo, sallere " sallio, sallire, to salt, &c.4. Cieo, ciere is commonly <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> second conjugation, butsometimes it is cio, clre in <strong>the</strong> fourth, " to stir up."§ 88. DERIVATIVE VERBS.Verbs are derived ei<strong>the</strong>r from nouns, or from o<strong>the</strong>r verbs.226.— I. Verbs derived from nouns are called Denominatives; as, caino, " to sup ;" laudo, " to praise -" fraudo. " to defraud;" lapido, " to throw stones ;" operor, " to work,"' &c,from coena, laus,fraus, lapis, opus,
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