The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org

— — —; —§ 84 DEFECTIVE VERBS. 189Obs. 2. Odi and memini have the sense only of the present,imperfect, and future; as, odi, "I hate;" oderam, "I hated ;odero, u I will hate."2. The parts of these verbs in use are as follows, throughall their persons and numbers ;viz :Odi, oderam, odero, oderim, odissem, odisse.Participles, osus, osurus.Coepi, coeperam, ccepero, cceperim, coepissem, ccepisse.Participles, cceptus, ccepturus.Memini, meminerain, meniinero, meminerim, meminissem, meminisse.Imperative, memento, mementote.3. The verb novi is also used as a preterite, having likeodi and memini only the sense of the present, the imperfect,and future. It differs from the others, however, in having apresent, nosco, which properly has an inceptive sense, meaning" I begin to know," " I learn ;" hence novi, " I havelearned," that is, " I know."The parts of novi in use are as follows ;vizNovi, noveram, novero, noverim, novissem, novisse;Contracted, noram, norim, nossem, nosse.4. There are many verbs, not usually considered amongdefectives, which want certain tenses, or numbers, or persons ;thus, do, u I give," has neither dor nor der. Fari, " to speak,"with its compounds, is used only by the poets, and by themchiefly in the third person, fatur; the imperative fare; and theparticiple fdtus. The ablative gerund, fando, occurs in a passivesense.Furere, "to be mad," wants the first person singular, andthe second person plural of the present, and probably all thefuture of the indicative, the imperative, and also the perfectand supine.5. The following defective verbs are those which mostfrequently occur. Aio, u I say ;" inquam, " I say," which isused only between words quoted, and never stands at thebeginning; forem, "I should be;" the same as essem ;— ave,and salve, Ci hail ;" Cedo, " tell thou," or " give me ;" quceso,u I beseech," originally the same as qucero. It is used commonlyas an interjection.