The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org
The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org
114 THE VERB.—SUM. § 54The Future Infinitive is also a compound tense, made upof the former supine and Iri, the present infinitive passive ofeo ; as, amatum Iri, monitum Iri, &c.6. The Perfect Participle is formed from the former supine,by changing um into us; as, amdt-um, amdt-us; monit-um,mo nit-us, &c.The Future Participle is formed as the active gerund (185-17),oy putting dies instead of climi; as, gerund, amandum, participle,amandus ;gerund, monendum, participle, monendus, &c.187.—§ 54. THE IRREGULAR VERB SUM *The irregular verb sum is sometimes called a substantiveverb, as it denotes being, or simple existence ; as, su?n, " Iam," " I exist." Sometimes it is called auxiliary, because itis used as an auxiliary verb in the inflection of the passivevoice. It is conjugated thus :Pres. Ind.Sum,Pres. Inf.esse,INDICATIVE MOOD.Perf Ind.fui."sing.Plur.1.2.3.1.2,3.Ego Sum,fTu Es,File Est,Nos SiimusVos Estis,Illi Sunt,Present Tense, am.tI am,Thou\ art, or you are,He is;We are,Ye, or you are,They are.* This verb being irregular, properly belongs to § 83, but is inserted here,because, as an auxiliary, it is much used in the inflection of regular verbs.t In the Indicative, Subjunctive, and Imperative moods, eoery part of theverb must have its nominative expressed or understood. See 181-8. Thenominatives ego, tu, Me, of the singular, and nos, vos, illi, of the plural, arehere prefixed in the present tense, to show their place and their use ; but inthe following tenses, and in the following conjugations, they are omitted.Still they are to be regarded as understood, and may be supplied at pleasure.See 118, NbU2. In the plural, " you " is much more common than " ye,"Xwhich is now seldom used.
§ 54 THE VERB.—SUM. 115Imperfect,was.Sing. 1. Eram, I was,2. Eras, Thou wast, or you were,3. Erat, He was;Plur. 1. Eramus We were,2. Eratis, Ye, or you were,3. Erant, They. were.Perfect Definite, have been;Indefinite, was.Sing. 1. Fui, I have been,2. Fuisti, Thou, hast been,3. Fuit. He has been;Plur. 1. Fuimus, We have been,2. Fuisti s, Ye have been,3. Fuerunt, or mere, They have been.Pluperfect, had been.$ing. 1. Fueram, I had been,2. Fueras, Thou hadst been,3. Fuerat, He had been;Plur. 1. Fueram us, We had been,2. Fu eratis, Ye had been,3. Fuerant, They had been.Future, shall, or will.Sing. 1. Ero, / shall, or will be,2. Eris, Thou shalt, or wilt be,3. Erit, He shall, or will be;Plur. 1. Erimus, We shall, or w«7/ &£,2. Eritis, Fe $/ia/Z, or will be,3. Erunt, 27i^/ shall, or wi7£ £e.Future-Perfect, shall, or w7Z Aave fom.Sing. 1. Fuero, I shall, or mZZ &ave $££7i,2. Fueris, Thou shalt, or u'i/^ Aavc been,3. Fuerit, -ffe s/ici^, or will have been;Plur. 1. Fuerimus, We shall, or will have been,2. Fueritis, Ye shall, or sri/£ #atte been,3. Fuerint, jP/zey sAa#, o will have been.
- Page 77 and 78: § 25 COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES. 631
- Page 79 and 80: §;;;§26 COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES.
- Page 81 and 82: ;§ 27 DERIVATION OF ADJECTIVES. 67
- Page 83 and 84: § 28 PRONOUNS.Tu, thou, Second Per
- Page 85 and 86: :§ *28 pboxouxs. 71cerunt, " his f
- Page 87 and 88: :;§ 30 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. 73and
- Page 89 and 90: 98,§ 31 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS. 75
- Page 91 and 92: § 33 RELATIVE PRONOUN. 77rendered
- Page 93 and 94: —§ 34 INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN. 79P
- Page 95 and 96: § 37 COMPOUND PRONOUNS. 81Quicunqu
- Page 97 and 98: § 38 THE VERB. 83Obs. 2. Some of t
- Page 99 and 100: § 39 THE VERB. 85§ 39. DIFFERENT
- Page 101 and 102: .—§ 41 THE VERR— VOICE. 87the
- Page 103 and 104: § 42 THE VERB.— MOODS. 891st. It
- Page 105 and 106: ——§ 43 THE VERB.— TENSES. 91
- Page 107 and 108: § 44 THE VERB.—TENSES. 93English
- Page 109 and 110: ;§ 44 THE VERB.—TENSES. 95true a
- Page 111 and 112: ;§ 45 THE VERB.—TENSES. 97170
- Page 113 and 114: ———§ 45 THE VEKB.—TENSES.
- Page 115 and 116: ——;§ 47 THE VERB.—TENSES. 10
- Page 117 and 118: 5—§ 47 THE VERB.—TENSES. 103th
- Page 119 and 120: —.•§ 48 THE VEKB.—TENSES. 10
- Page 121 and 122: *;§ 49 THE VERB.—PARTICIPLES. 10
- Page 123 and 124: :;51 THE V r EEB.—CONJUGATION. 10
- Page 125 and 126: —;§ 52 THE VERB.—FORMATION OF
- Page 127: ;§ 53 THE VERB.—FORMATION OF TEN
- Page 131 and 132: —§ 55 THE VERB.—SUM. 117INFINI
- Page 133 and 134: .§ 56 THE VEKB.—FIRST CONJUGATIO
- Page 135 and 136: ;§56 THE 7ERB.—FIRST CONJUGATION
- Page 137 and 138: —:——§ 57 THE VERB.—FIRST C
- Page 139 and 140: § 58 THE VERB.—FIRST CONJUGATION
- Page 141 and 142: —§ 59 THE VEEB.—FIEST CONJUGAT
- Page 143 and 144: ;J§ 60 THE VERB.—SECOND CONJUGAT
- Page 145 and 146: . With,I§ 61 THE VERB.—SECOND CO
- Page 147 and 148: ;§ 62 THE VEKB.—SECOND CONJUGATI
- Page 149 and 150: :§ 63 THE VERB.—SECOND CONJUGATI
- Page 151 and 152: Ye§ 64 THE VERB.—THIRD CONJUGATI
- Page 153 and 154: i;:§.64 THE VERB.—THIRD CONJUGAT
- Page 155 and 156: —;—§ 66 THE VERB.—THIRD CONJ
- Page 157 and 158: They;;\§ 66 THE VERB.—THIRD CONJ
- Page 159 and 160: —67 THE VEKB.— THIRD CONJUGATIO
- Page 161 and 162: ;§ 68 THE VERB.—FOURTH CONJUGATI
- Page 163 and 164: .§ 80 COMPOUND VERBS. 1G5§ 80. CO
- Page 165 and 166: .: 'have§ 81 PERFECTS AND SUPINES.
- Page 167 and 168: ;§ 81 PERFECTS AND SUPINES. 169The
- Page 169 and 170: :§ 81 PERFECTS AND SUPINES. 171Pre
- Page 171 and 172: ;§81 PERFECTS AND SUPINES. 173Pres
- Page 173 and 174: §81 PEEFECTS AND SUPINES. 175Pres.
- Page 175 and 176: '§81 PERFECTS AND SUPINES. 177Pres
- Page 177 and 178: §81 PEEFECTS AND SUPINES. 179Pres.
114 THE VERB.—SUM. § 54<strong>The</strong> Future Infinitive is also a compound tense, made up<strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> former supine and Iri, <strong>the</strong> present infinitive passive <strong>of</strong>eo ; as, amatum Iri, monitum Iri, &c.6. <strong>The</strong> Perfect Participle is formed from <strong>the</strong> former supine,by changing um into us; as, amdt-um, amdt-us; monit-um,mo nit-us, &c.<strong>The</strong> Future Participle is formed as <strong>the</strong> active gerund (185-17),oy putting dies instead <strong>of</strong> climi; as, gerund, amandum, participle,amandus ;gerund, monendum, participle, monendus, &c.187.—§ 54. THE IRREGULAR VERB SUM *<strong>The</strong> irregular verb sum is sometimes called a substantiveverb, as it denotes being, or simple existence ; as, su?n, " Iam," " I exist." Sometimes it is called auxiliary, because itis used as an auxiliary verb in <strong>the</strong> inflection <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> passivevoice. It is conjugated thus :Pres. Ind.Sum,Pres. Inf.esse,INDICATIVE MOOD.Perf Ind.fui."sing.Plur.1.2.3.1.2,3.Ego Sum,fTu Es,File Est,Nos SiimusVos Estis,Illi Sunt,Present Tense, am.tI am,Thou\ art, or you are,He is;We are,Ye, or you are,<strong>The</strong>y are.* This verb being irregular, properly belongs to § 83, but is inserted here,because, as an auxiliary, it is much used in <strong>the</strong> inflection <strong>of</strong> regular verbs.t In <strong>the</strong> Indicative, Subjunctive, and Imperative moods, eoery part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>verb must have its nominative expressed or understood. See 181-8. <strong>The</strong>nominatives ego, tu, Me, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> singular, and nos, vos, illi, <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> plural, arehere prefixed in <strong>the</strong> present tense, to show <strong>the</strong>ir place and <strong>the</strong>ir use ; but in<strong>the</strong> following tenses, and in <strong>the</strong> following conjugations, <strong>the</strong>y are omitted.Still <strong>the</strong>y are to be regarded as understood, and may be supplied at pleasure.See 118, NbU2. In <strong>the</strong> plural, " you " is much more common than " ye,"Xwhich is now seldom used.
Change language