The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org
The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org
112 THE VERB.—FORMATION OF TENSES. § 52dicative,—in the first conjugation, by changing o into em; as,dm-o, dm-em;—in the second, third, and fourth, by changing ointo dm; as, mone-o, mone-am; reg-o, reg-am; audi-o, audi-am.8. The Imperfect Subjunctive, in all conjugations, is formedfrom the present infinitive, by adding m; as, amdre, amdrem;monere, monerem; reg ere, regerem, &c.9. The Perfect Subjunctive is formed from the perfect indicative,by changing i into erim; as, amdv-i, amav-erim; monu-i,monu-erim, &c.10. The Pluperfect Subjunctive is formed from the perfectindicative by changing i into issem; as, amdv-i, amav-issem;monu-i, monu-issem, &c.III.The Imperative Mood.11. The Present Imperative is formed from the present infinitive,by taking away re ; as, amdre, amd; monere, mone;reg ere, rege; audire, audi.IV. Tlie Infinitive Mood.12. The Present Infinitive is a primary tense.13. The Perfect Infinitive is formed from the perfect indicative,by changing i into isse ; as, amdv-i, amdv-isse; monu-i,monu-isse, &c.14. The Future Infinitive is a compound tense, made up ofesse or fuisse, and the future participle in mis; as, esse ovfuisseamaturus, -a, -urn; esse or fuisse monilurus, -a, -um, &c.V. Participles, Gerunds, and Supines.15. The Present Participle is formed from the present indicative by changing,o, in the 1st Conjugation, into an s; as, dm-o, dm-ans.eo, " 2d " into ens; as, mon-eo, mon-ens.O, « 3d and 4th « into ens; as, -I***• #£"*( auai-o, audi-ens.16. The Future Participle is formed from the former supineby changing um into wrws; as, amdt-um, amat-urus ; moiut-um,moniUurus, &c.
;§ 53 THE VERB.—FORMATION OF TENSES. 11317. The Gerund is formed from the present indicative bychanging,o, in the 1st Conjugation, into andum; as, drn-o, am-andum.eo, " 2d " into endum; as, mon-eo, mon-endum,7o, " 3d and 4th "e^' 7 ^' n.'>into endum; as, \ J7? l%.''/ audi-o, audi-endum.18. The Forme)- Supine is a primary part of the verb.19. The Latter Supine is formed from the former by droppingm; as, amatum, amdtu; monitum, monitu.186.—§ 53. FORMATION OF THE TENSES IN THEPASSIVE VOICE.1. In the Indicative mood, the present passive is formedfrom the present active by adding r; as, amo, timor; moneo,moneor, &c. ;—the imperfect and the future passive, from thesame tenses in the active voice, by changing m into r; as,amdbam, amdbar;—or adding r to bo; as, monebo, monebor, &c.2. In the Subjunctive mood, the present and the imperfectpassive are formed from the same tenses in the active voice,by changing m into r; as, dmem, aimer; moneam, monear, &c.3. The perfect, pluperfect, and future-perfect indicative, andthe perfect and pluperfect subjunctive, are compound tenses,made up of the perfect participle passive, and the verb sumas an auxiliary, as exhibited in the paradigm of these tenses.4. The Imperative passive, in all verbs, is formed by addingre to the imperative active ; as, ama, amdre ; mbne, monere, &c.Hence, the imperative passive is like the present infinitiveactive.5. The Present Infinitive passive is formed from the presentinfinitive active, by changing re in the first, second, and fourthconjugations, into ri ; as, amct-re, amd-ri ; mone-re, mone-riaudi-re, audl-ri ; and by changing ere in the third conjugationinto i ; as, reg-ere, reg-i. But arcesso has arcessiri.The Perfect Infinitive is a compound tense, made up of theperfect participle, and esse ovfuisse prefixed; as, esse or fuisseamdtus, a, um, &c.
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112 THE VERB.—FORMATION OF TENSES. § 52dicative,—in <strong>the</strong> first conjugation, by changing o into em; as,dm-o, dm-em;—in <strong>the</strong> second, third, and fourth, by changing ointo dm; as, mone-o, mone-am; reg-o, reg-am; audi-o, audi-am.8. <strong>The</strong> Imperfect Subjunctive, in all conjugations, is formedfrom <strong>the</strong> present infinitive, by adding m; as, amdre, amdrem;monere, monerem; reg ere, regerem, &c.9. <strong>The</strong> Perfect Subjunctive is formed from <strong>the</strong> perfect indicative,by changing i into erim; as, amdv-i, amav-erim; monu-i,monu-erim, &c.10. <strong>The</strong> Pluperfect Subjunctive is formed from <strong>the</strong> perfectindicative by changing i into issem; as, amdv-i, amav-issem;monu-i, monu-issem, &c.III.<strong>The</strong> Imperative Mood.11. <strong>The</strong> Present Imperative is formed from <strong>the</strong> present infinitive,by taking away re ; as, amdre, amd; monere, mone;reg ere, rege; audire, audi.IV. Tlie Infinitive Mood.12. <strong>The</strong> Present Infinitive is a primary tense.13. <strong>The</strong> Perfect Infinitive is formed from <strong>the</strong> perfect indicative,by changing i into isse ; as, amdv-i, amdv-isse; monu-i,monu-isse, &c.14. <strong>The</strong> Future Infinitive is a compound tense, made up <strong>of</strong>esse or fuisse, and <strong>the</strong> future participle in mis; as, esse ovfuisseamaturus, -a, -urn; esse or fuisse monilurus, -a, -um, &c.V. Participles, Gerunds, and Supines.15. <strong>The</strong> Present Participle is formed from <strong>the</strong> present indicative by changing,o, in <strong>the</strong> 1st Conjugation, into an s; as, dm-o, dm-ans.eo, " 2d " into ens; as, mon-eo, mon-ens.O, « 3d and 4th « into ens; as, -I***• #£"*( auai-o, audi-ens.16. <strong>The</strong> Future Participle is formed from <strong>the</strong> former supineby changing um into wrws; as, amdt-um, amat-urus ; moiut-um,moniUurus, &c.
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