The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org

;108 THE VERB.—GERUNDS AND SUPINES. § 5011. Neuter passive verbs have commonly three participles;namely, the present, perfect, and future in mis. 213.12. Deponent verbs of a transitive signification, have,generally four participles ;those of an intransitive significationcommonly want the future in dus, except that the neuterin dum is sometimes used impersonally.13. Common verbs have generally four participles, of whichthe perfect only is used both in an active and passive senseas, adeptus victoriam, " having obtained the victory ;" victoriaadeptd, " the victory being obtained." The rest are active.207, Obs. 2.14. Some intransitive verbs, though they have no passive,yet have participles of the perfect passive form, but still withan intransitive signification ; such are, coendtus, " having supped;" prcmsus, "having dined ;" juratus, "having sworn."183.—§ 50. GERUNDS AND SUPINES.1. The Gerund is a kind of verbal noun, used only in thesingular number. It represents the action or state expressedby the verb as a thing now going on, and at the same time, ifin the nominative, or in the accusative before the infinitive, asthe subject of discourse ; and if in the oblique cases, as theobject of some action or relation. They are construed in allrespects as nouns, and also govern the case of their verbs.§147.In meaning and use, the gerund resembles the English presentparticiple, used as a noun (see Eng. Gr», 195; An.- andPr. Eng. Gr., 462), and the Greek infinitive with the articleprefixed. See Gr. Gr., § 173.2. Supines are defective verbal nouns of the fourth declension, having only the accusative and the ablative singular.The supine in um has an active signification, and governsthe case of the verb. 682.The supine in u has usually a passive signification, andgoverns no case.