The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org

——§ 43 THE VERB.— TENSES. 91nemo, nullus, &c. ; as, valeas, " farewell ;" ne noceas piiero," hurt not the boy." Obs. 4 and 5. Besides this, the futureand future perfect indicative, aad the perfect subjunctive, arealso used imperatively. See 167-1, 169-3, and 173-4.151.Obs. 10. The imperative mood has two forms in thesecond person, both singular and plural, distinguished in theiimeaning as present and future. The first, or shorter formcommands to do presently ; as, scribe, " write now ;"—the second,or longer form commands to do afterwards, or whensomething else shall have been done; as, scribito, " write hereafter."This distinction, however, is not always observed.152.—IV. The Infinitive Mood expresses themeaning of the verb in a general manner, withoutany distinction of person or number ; as, scribere," to write ;" scripsisse, " to have written ;" scrihi," to be written."§ 43. TENSES.153. Tenses are certain forms of the verbwhich serve to point out the distinctions of time.154.—Time is naturally divided into the Present, Past, andFuture; and an action may be represented either as incompleteand continuing, or as completed at the time spoken of.This gives rise to six tenses, which are expressed in Latin bydistinct forms of the verb ;thus,pjAction continuing ; as, scrllo, "I write, I am writing." Present.rresent,-jAction completed ; as, scripsi, "I have written." Perfect.p( Action continuing ; as, scribebam, "I was writing." Imperfect.AS * 1 Action completed ; as, scripseram, "I had written." Pluperfect.FtttttR e'Action continuing \ ;as, scrioam, " I shall or will write."( Action completed; as, scripsero, "I shall have written."Future.Fut,~Pe?'f155.— -In order better to express the time and the stateof the action by one designation, these tenses, arranged in thisorder, might properly be denominated the Present, the Presentperfect; the Past, the Past-perfect ; the Future, and the Futureperfect.An. and Pr. Gr. 400.