The principles of Latin grammar; comprising the ... - Essan.org

—:;88 THE VERB.—MOODS. § 42pum consul Philippus.rum volutentur. Id.Id.— Cum omnes in omni genere scele*Cireumdat nequidquam huraeris, et inutile ferrumCixgitur, ac densos feetue morittirus in hostes.Vieg.In all such constructions, the words " a se " may be understood after the verb.Mood is§ 42, MOODS.the mode on manner of express-137.ing the signification of the verb.138.—The moods, in Latin, are four; namely,the Indicative, Subjunctive, Imperative, and Infinitive.139.—I. The Indicative Mood asserts the actionor state expressed by the verb, simply as afact, and generally in an independent clause ; as,scrlho, "I write;' 7tern/pus fugit, "time flies."140.— Obs. 1. The indicative mood is sometimes used independent clauses with si, nisi, etsi, tametsi, etiamsi, to asserta fact as a condition or supposition ; as, si quid melius habes,arcesse. Or with ut or quum, " when," signifying time pastas, Tempus fait quum homines vagabantur. Ut inquinavit ceretempus aureum. Hor.141.— Obs. 2. The indicative followed by si non, ni, nisi, issometimes used potentially, to express, not what did takeplace, but what would have taken place if something else hadnot happened.; as, Tenus JEgyptum penetravit, nisi exercituss'equi recusasset, " He would have penetrated as far as iEgypt,if the army had not refused to follow him. 55 624.142.—II. The Subjunctive Mood representsthe action or state expressed by the verb, not asa fact, but only as a conception formed by themind. It is generally used in dependent clausesin various ways, as follows