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448 TROPICAL NATUREcoveries should have been made in California rather than inany other part of America is ifsufficiently apparent we considerthe enormous amount of excavation of the Pliocene gravels inthe long-continued prosecution of gold-mining, and also theprobability that the region was formerly, as now, characterisedby a milder climate, and a more luxuriant perennial vegetation,and was thus able to support a comparatively dense populationeven in those remote times. Admitting that man didinhabit the Pacific slope at the time indicated, the remainsappear to be of such a character as might be anticipated, andpresent all the characteristics of genuine discoveries.Concluding Remarks on tJie Antiquity of ManEven these Californian remains do not exhaust the proofsof man's great antiquity in America, since we have the recordof another discovery which indicates that he may, possibly,have existed at an even more remote epoch. Mr. E. L.Berthoud has described the finding of stone implements of arude type in the Tertiary gravels of the Crow Creek, Colorado.Some shells were obtained from the same gravels, which weredetermined by Mr. T. A. Conrad to be species which are"certainly not later than Older Pliocene, or possibly Miocene."The account of this remarkable discovery, published in theProceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,1872, is not very clear or precise, and it is much to be wishedthat some competent geologist would examine the locality.But the series of proofs of the existence of man by the discoveryof his remains or his works going back step by step tothe Pliocene period, which have been now briefly enumerated,takes away from this alleged discovery the extreme improbabilitywhich would be held to attach to it at the timewhen it was made.It is surely now time that this extreme scepticism as toany extension of the human period beyond that reached byBoucher de Perthes, half a century ago, should give way tothe ever -increasing body of facts on the other side of thequestion. Geologists and anthropologists must alike feel thatthere is a great, and at present inexplicable, chasm interveningbetween the earliest remains of man and those of hisanimal predecessors that the entire absence of the" missing