PDF - Wallace Online

194 NATURAL SELECTION ixThe brain of prehistoric and of savage man seems to me toprove the existence of some power distinct from that whichhas guided the development of the lower animals throughtheir ever-varying forms of being.The Use of the Hairy Covering of MammaliaLet us now consider another point in man's organisation,the bearing of which has been almost entirely overlooked bywriters on both sides of this question. One of the mostgeneralexternal characters of the terrestrial mammalia isthe hairy covering of the body, which, whenever the skin isflexible, soft, and sensitive, forms a natural protection againstthe severities of climate, and particularly against rain. Thatthis is its most important function is well shown by themanner in which the hairs are disposed so as to carry off thewater, by being invariably directed downwards from the mostelevated parts of the body. Thus, on the under surface thehair is always less plentiful, and, in many cases, the belly isalmost bare. The hair lies downwards, on the limbs of allwalking mammals, from the shoulder to the toes ;but in theorang-utan it is directed from the shoulder to the elbow, andagain from the wrist to the elbow, in a reverse direction.This corresponds to the habits of the animal, which, whenresting, holds its long arms upwards over its head, or claspinga branch above it, so that the rain would flow down both thearm and forearm to the long hair which meets at the elbow.In accordance with this principle, the hair is always longeror more dense along the spine or middle of the backfrom the nape to the tail, often rising into a crest of hairor bristles on the ridge of the back. This character prevailsthrough the entire series of the mammalia, from the marsupialsto the quadrumana, and by this long persistence itmust have acquired such a powerful hereditary tendencythat we should expect it to reappear continually evenafter it had been abolished by ages of the most rigidselection; and we may feel sure that it never could havebeen completely abolished under the law of natural selection,unless it had become so positively injurious as tolead to the almost invariable extinction of individualspossessing it.