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188 NATURAL SELECTION ixuseless at the time when they first appeared, became in thehighest degree useful at a much later period, and are nowessential to the full moral and intellectual development ofhuman nature, we should then infer the action of mind,foreseeing the future and preparing for it, just as surely aswe do, when we see the breeder set himself to work with thedetermination to produce a definite improvement in some cultivatedplant or domestic animal. I would further remark thatthis inquiry is as thoroughly scientific and legitimate as thatinto the origin of species itself. It is an attempt to solvethe inverse problem, to deduce the existence of a new powerof a definite character, in order to account for facts which,according to the theory of natural selection, ought not tohappen. Such problems are well known to science, and thesearch after their solution has often led to the most brilliantresults. In the case of man, there are facts of the natureabove alluded to, and in calling attention to them, and ininferring a cause for them, I believe that I am as strictlywithin the bounds of scientific investigation as I have beenin any other portion of my work.The Brain of the Savage shown to be Larger than he Needs it to beSize of Brain an important Element of Mental Power. Thebrain is universally admitted to be the organ of the mind ;and it is almost as universally admitted that size of brain isone of the most important of the elements which determinemental power or capacity. There seems to be no doubt thatbrains differ considerably in quality, as indicated by greateror less complexity of the convolutions, quantity of graymatter, and perhaps unknown peculiarities of organisation ;but this difference of quality seems merely to increase ordiminish the influence of quantity, not to neutralise it.Thus, all the most eminent modern writers see an intimateconnection between the diminished size of the brain in thelower races of mankind, and their intellectual inferiority.The collections of Dr. J. B. Davis and Dr. Morton give thefollowing as the average internal capacity of the cranium inthe chief races : Teutonic family, 94 cubic inches ; Esquimaux,91 cubic inches; Negroes, 85 cubic inches; Australians and Tasmanians,82 cubic inches ; Bushmen, 77 cubic inches. These

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