SOIL SURVEY

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-140-WR - Watchtower Soilscape GroupPhysiographic SettingFigure 99 .Sketch showing the landscape relationships among members of theWatchtower soilscape group and between Watchtower and associate dsoilscape groups .Landform and Parent Material sThe Watchtower soilscape group occurs on fluvial fans and aprons . Thematerials are calcareous, stratified, medium and coarse textured alluvium . Coars efragment contents range from 0 to 90% in these materials .
-141 -EnvironmentThe Watchtower soilscape group generally occurs on well drained valle ybottom sites within the montane vegetative zone . A small number of Watchtowe rmap unitsare however, scattered throughout the subalpine vegetative zone .Table 52 . Key criteria differentiating the Watchtower map units .Soi IscapeMap Unit ClassificationWR 1WR 2Orthic & CumulicRegosol sCumulic & Orthi cRegosol sTexturegravelly sandyloam to gravelly 20-50%loamy sandgravelly loam togravelly sandy loa mCoarse Fragment Drainag eContent (%) Class> 40%well torapidlywell t orapidl yWR 3Orthic & Cumuli cRegosol ssilt loam < 20%gravelly sandy loam 20-50 %wel lWR4Gleyed Orthic andGleyed Cumuli cRegosol ssilt loam < 20%imperfectl yWR 5Gleyed OrthicRegosolsgravelly fine sand yloam to gravelly 20-50%silt loamimperfectl yWR 1 Map Unit (Orthic and Cumulic Regosols )This map unit h characterized by gravelly and very gravelly soils with littl ehorizon development, formed on coarse textured, calcareous fan alluvium . An A hhorizon is not present in these soils . Coarse fragments are gravel and cobble sizedand may exceed 50% on some fans or portions of some fans . These soils are usuall yexceedingly stony .
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t, Agricultur eCanad aSOIL SURVEYof
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SOIL SURVEY O FYOHO NATIONA LPARK,
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(Contents - cont . . )PageFIGURES1
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(Contents - cont . . . )TABLES (con
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(Contents - cant . . . )TABLES (con
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Gleysolic and Organic soils occur i
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PREFAC EThe soil survey of Yoho Nat
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How to use this repor tThis report
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PARTIGENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE ARE
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-3-The Kicking Horse River and Kick
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-5-serves hikers in the Lake O'Hara
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-7-mainly in the Cataract Brook - L
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figure 3 . A cirque; typical of man
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-11-Glacial processes are not howev
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-13-Figure 6 . Drainage systems of
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-15-_.iure 7 . Gentle gradients in
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-17-The effect of altitude on clima
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GOLDE NPR ECIP nTAT IO NRAIN + SNO
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Table 2 . Comparison .' of mean mon
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-23-VEGETATIO NGeneral Vegetation P
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-25-The interaction of these soil-f
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-27-profile development is frequent
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-29-PART I IMETHODOLOGYMAPPINGA goo
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Figure 13 . Oblique photo showing t
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Figure 15 . Oblique photo showing t
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-35-~ ♦ YOHO NATIONAL PAR K[D]Ami
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-37-Table 3 . An outline of the loc
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-39-The topography of each mapping
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-41 -must be treated as an independ
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-43-FIELD TEST S1 . Bulk Density; b
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-45-are calcareous, stratified, med
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-47-Organic Landform sNorco (NA) is
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-51 -LEGENDParent material.colluviu
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-53-Table 7 . Key criteria differen
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-55-BC2 Map Unit (Orthic and Rego G
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-57-Table 10 . Brief description of
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ure 24 . This photo shows the huge
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igure 26 . Site of the pedon chosen
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-63-Figure 28 . Site of the pedon c
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- 65-CLI.Figui 30 . Site of the ped
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-67-Table 15 . Brief description of
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L-69-r_ -, _ 1 4Figure 35 . Site of
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Figure 37 . Site of the pedon chose
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-73-Landform and Parent Material sT
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-75-The silty surface texture, slow
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-77-material and/or shallowness (of
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Figure 44 . Site of the pedon chose
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-81-HR1 Map Unit (Degraded Eutric B
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-83-in the solum, but may exceed 50
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-85-KI - Kicking Horse Soilscape Gr
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-87-Silty surficial textures provid
Page 107 and 108: -89-Wetness, texture, and potential
Page 109 and 110: -91 -Table 27 . Brief description o
Page 111 and 112: Site of the pedon chosen to charact
Page 113 and 114: -95-Table 29 . Brief description of
Page 115 and 116: -97-NI1 Map Unit (Lithic Orthic Eut
Page 117 and 118: -99-Figure 62 . Site of the pedon c
Page 119 and 120: -101 -EnvironmentThe Ogden soilscap
Page 121 and 122: -103-Table 33 . Brief description o
Page 125 and 126: -107-Figure 70 . Site of the pedon
Page 127 and 128: Figure 73 . Degraded Eutric Bruniso
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Page 131 and 132: -113-YpiFigure 76, Site of the pedo
Page 133 and 134: -115-Figure 78 . Site of the pedon
Page 135 and 136: -117-OP 1 Map Unit (Cumilic Regosol
Page 137 and 138: -119-OT - Otterhead Soi Iscape Grou
Page 139 and 140: ure 82 . Site of the pedon chosen t
Page 141 and 142: -123-Table 44 . Key criteria differ
Page 143 and 144: -125-SI2 Map Unit (Lithic Humo - Fe
Page 145 and 146: -127-Landform and Parent Material s
Page 149 and 150: Figure 91 . Site of the pedon chose
Page 151 and 152: -133-Environmen tzones .The Tocher
Page 153 and 154: -135--The steep slopes and the rela
Page 157: Figure 97 .Site of the pedon chosen
Page 163: -145-The stoniness and periodic sno
Page 166 and 167: Brief description of the pedon chos
Page 168 and 169: -150-late snowmelt areas or streams
Page 170 and 171: -152-The soils have been rated acco
Page 172 and 173: -154-Table 58 . Guides for assessin
Page 174 and 175: -156-Table 60. Guides for assessing
Page 176 and 177: -158-Table 62. Guides for assessing
Page 178 and 179: -160-Table 64 . Guides for assessin
Page 180 and 181: -162-Table 66 . Frost design soil c
Page 182 and 183: Table 67r Interpretations for selec
Page 184 and 185: (cont . )Table 67: Interpretations
Page 186 and 187: -168-(cont . )Table 67 : Interpreta
Page 188 and 189: -170-GLOSSARY'AASHO classification
Page 190 and 191: -172-Clay films (skins) - Oriented
Page 192 and 193: -174-Field capacity - The percentag
Page 194 and 195: -176-Humification - The process by
Page 196 and 197: -178-Mechanical analyses - See part
Page 198 and 199: - :180-Permeability, soil - The eas
Page 200 and 201: -182-Slump - A landslide characteri
Page 202 and 203: -184-organic carbon, or both .BC -R
Page 204 and 205: -186-Granular - More or less rounde
Page 206 and 207: -188-Unified Soil Classification Sy
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-190-Bei I, C .E . 1966 . An ecolog
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-192-Hutchinson, D . E . 1976. Reso
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-194-Soil Research and Plant Resear
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-196--Appendix A :Selected chanical
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Appendix BtEngineering test data fo
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Appendix B : Engineering test data
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Appendix B : Engineering test data
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-204-Appendix D :Common names and t
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-206-HERBS (cont )Common Name sCow
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-208-MOSSE SCommon Name sCladina mi
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