Volume 4, Number 1, March, 1996 - Noise News International

The Metady!!~TMAnechoic Wedge Systel11 ­A Scientific BreakthroughcDeveloped in Industrial AcousticsCompany's Aero-Acoustic Laboratory,the Metadyne System is ideally suitedfor acoustic laboratories working withengines, dynamometers , heavy equipmentand/or flammable materials.Even in non-severe test environments,the metal-faced wedges offerthe major advantages of being cleanableand paintable. Your anechoicroom can be maintained as a pleasantclean working environment without thecolor changes, disintegration , dust anddirt accumulations often experiencedwith other wedge constructions .Other advantages to be consideredinclude:• Meets all ISO specifications•Impact resistance• Resistance to erosion and circulationof fibrous material• Fire-resistance in case of oil spillsor use of flammable materials• Reduced lighting energy consumptionwhen brightly painted• Convenience in interchangeabilityand adjustability• Rapid installation• Longer life•True free-field testing.50 Hz and lower cut-offs• Sized for any applicationPERSTORPCOMPONENTS, PLYMOUTH TOWNSHIP, MI, USAWANT T O M O DERNIZE PRES EN T FACILITIES?Several laboratories, recognizing the new system's many advantages, havealready retrofitted with the Anechoic Metadyne Wedge.INDUSTRIAL ACOUSTICS COMPAN YUSA: 1160 COMMERCE AVENUE, BRONX, NY 10462·5599. TEL: (718) 931·8000 • FAX: (718) 863·1138UK: Central Trading Estate Staines, Middlesex, TW18 4XB • Tel: (01784) 456-251 • Fax: (01784) 463-303G ERMANY: Sohlweg 17, 0·41372 Nlederkriichten . Tel: (02163) 8431 • Fax: (02163) 80618Reader Service Number 2

Editorial StaffG. Maling, Jr., Managing EditorA. Cops, European EditorA. Lawrence, Asia-Pacific EditorG. Maling, Jr., Pan-American Editorw.w. Lang, Feature EditorProduced byIEEE Periodicals-Magazines Dept.Fran Zappull a.Staff Director, IEEE PeriodicalsSusan Schneiderman, AdvertisingSales ManagerPhone: (908) 562-3946, Fax: (908)98 J- J855, email: sschneid@ieee.orgJanet Dudar. Art DirectorRobert Smrek, Production ManagerBrian Benbrook. Production EditorMargaret Morin. AdvertisingProduction Coordina torWilliam Saunders, AssociatePublisher/Advertising DirectorEditorial Officesoise Control FoundationP.O Box 2469 Arlin gton BranchPoughkeepsie. New York. U.S.A.Noi

• •I-Inee InternationalInstitute ofNoise Control EngineeringW.W.Lang, PresidentA. Cops Secretary-GeneralA. Cops, European Editor, NNIA. Lawrence, Asia-Pacific Editor, NNIG.C. Maling, Jr., Managing Editor andPan-American Editor, NNIW.W.Lang, Feature Editor, NNIDirectors: P.V. Briiel, A. CopsT. Embleton, T. Kihlman, M. Koyasu,A. Marsh, A. Lawrence.nrnUnn~ Institute ofUUUl!:::ilS Noise ControlEngineering of the USA, Inc.1996 OfficersD.M. Yeager, PresidentR.J. Peppin, President-ElectE.M. Clark, Vice President -MembershipR.J. Bernhard, Vice-President­PublicationsW.J. Cavanaugh, Vice President ­Public RelationsJoseph Cuschieri, Vice President ­Technical ActivitiesW.K. Connor, SecretaryJ.G. Seebold, TreasurerR.J. BernhardW.E. Blazier8.M.BrownE.M. ClarkJ .M. CuschieriP.E. DonavanC.R. FullerJ.M. HoodR.J. PeppinD.A. QuinlanR. SinghH.K.SmithL.C. SutherlandD.M. Yeager1996 DirectorsINTERNRTIONR~Member Societies of International INCEAustralia: AustralianAcousticalSociety, DarlinghurstAustria: Osterreichischer Arbeitsringfur Ldrmbekiimpfung, WienBelgium: BelgianAcousticalAssociation, LimeletteBrazil: Sociedade Brasileira de Acustica, Florian6polisCanada: Canadian AcousticalAssociation, TorontoChina: AcousticalSocietyofChina, BeijingCzech Republic: CzechAcousticalSociety, PrahaDenmark: DanishAcousticalSociety, LyngbyFinland: AcousticalSocietyofFinland, EspooFrance: Groupe Acoustique Industrielle et Environnement, SFA, ParisGermany: DeutscheGesellschaft fur Akustik, OldenburgGermany: Normenausschuss Akustik,Ldrmminderung undSchwingungstechnik im DIN und VDI, DusseldorfHong Kong: InstituteofAcoustics, Hong KongHungary: Acoustical Commission ofthe Hungarian AcademyofSciences, BudapestHungary: ScientificSocietyfor Optics, Acousticsand Filmtechnics,BudapestIndia: AcousticalSocietyofIndia (Observer), BangaloreItaly: Associazione Italiana di Acoustica, RomaJapan: AcousticalSocietyofJapan, TokyoJapan: InstituteofNoise Control Engineering ofJapan, TokyoKorea: AcousticalSocietyofKorea, SeoulKorea: Korean Societyfor Noise and Vibration Engineering, SeoulLithuania: Lithuanian AcousticalSociety, VilniusMexico: SociedadMexicana de Actistica, Mexico CityNetherlands: Nederlands AkoestischGenootschap, DelftNew Zealand: New ZealandAcousticalSociety, AucklandNorway: AcousticalSocietyofNorway, TrondheimPoland: Committee on Acousticsofthe PolishAcademyofSciences,WarszawaRomania: Commission on Acoustics, AcademiaRom/ina, BucarestiRussia: East-European AcousticalAssociation, St. PetersburgRussia: RussianAcousticalSociety(Observer), MoscowSingapore: Noise Section, Environmental Engineering SocietyofSingapore, SingaporeSouth Africa: Southern Africa AcousticsInstitute, SilvertonSweden: Swedish AcousticalSociety, GoteborgSwitzerland: Schweizerische Gesellschaft fur Akustik,DiibendorfUnited Kingdom: InstituteofAcoustics, St. AlbansU.S.A. AcousticalSocietyofAmerica, Woodbury, NYU.S.A. Institute ofNoise Control Engineering ofthe U.S.A.,Washington, DCYugoslavia: AcousticalSocietyofYugoslavia (Observer), Beograd2 NoiselNews International 1996 March

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President's ColumnThe Need for ConsensusAs we celebrate the 25th anniversaryyear of INCEIUSA, it is appropriateto remind ourselves of theroots of the organization. The roots aregrounded in consensus. How was thatconsensus reached?In 1970, a list was compiled of theAmerican leaders of the then-burgeoningfield of noise control engineering.Of the 140 persons on the list, 85 participatedin a three-day workshop heldat Arden House in upstate New Yorkon1971 January 11-13. The topic underintense discussion was professionalismin the field of noise control engineering.The problems faced by those workingin the newly-expanding field wereconsidered in detail. At the end of theworkshop, a vote was taken on a singlequestion: "Do you approve of the formationof a new organization to furtherthe goals of the Arden House Workshopon noise control engineering?" The paperballots could be marked either"yes" or "no"; some participants hadalready departed from Arden Housewhen the vote was taken, and a fewpossibly abstained, but the results wereclear. Of the 70 ballots tallied, 50 wereaffirmative and 20 were negative.There was consensus that there was aneed for a new organization. The rest ishistory. This magazine is a direct resultof that vote taken 25 years ago.At recent meetings of the Board ofDirectors and General Assembly ofInternationalINCE, opinions have beenexpressed that there are today too manymeetings in the various sub-fields ofacoustics. 1995 INCEIUSA President,Louis C. Sutherland, in a recent messageto the membership, noted that"...from April to December of this year,there was a conference devoted to somefacet of noise, noise control, acousticsand/or vibration starting, on the average,about every 6 days, somewherein the world... This plethoraof meetings also seems to bereflected in the growth in publicationsin these fields." Thequestion is frequently asked:should not I-INCE andINCEIUSA take a more activerole in coordinating and consolidatingthese conferences?To initiate the celebration of the25th anniversary of INCEIUSA, a featurearticle is presented in this issue ofNoise/News International that presentsan overview of current activities inacoustics and noise control engineering.With apologies in advance for itslack of completeness, the article attemptsto survey the field. Many organizationsare involved. The activitiesof International INCE and INCEIUSAare reviewed from the perspective ofplayers in a large national and internationalenterprise - the development ofthe field of noise control engineering.After the interested reader has hadan opportunity to review the many activitiescurrently in progress, severalrhetorical questions are posed. Has aconsensus been reached that the worldneeds a new organization to competewith or ultimately replace the InternationalCommission on Acoustics whichcurrently serves as the umbrella organizationfor acousticians and noise controlengineers? Is there truly a place forsuch an organization? Does the worldneed another refereed internationalprint journal? And another series ofinternational congresses on the broadaspects of acoustics?The reader will decide if there isneed for a consensus on these importantmatters.- William W LangPresident, InternationalINCE4 Noise/News International 1996 March

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Editor's ViewIs Noise Part of the Environment?Nearly a decade ago, the Total QualityMovement started to take offencouragedby the publication of theso-called ISO 9000 series of InternationalStandards. The thrust of the ISO9000 series is that it takes a qualityprocess to produce a quality product,and therefore meeting the requirementsof these standards involves an in-depthlook at the responsibilities of and interactionsbetween all persons involved inthe design and manufacture of products.Often, companies, especially smallcompanies, do not have the resources tocomplete these in-depth studies internally.Almost overnight, third-partyconsultants and consultancies have appearedto assist manufacturers and productdesigners and to assess the qualitystandards that must necessarily be appliedby manufacturers of products andproviders of services. This must, ofcourse, be a good thing to happen, andeveryone in the community benefits.We are about to have a new "culture"thrust upon us - in the form of the ISO14000 series of environmental managementstandards. In fact, in Australia andNew Zealand, it has been decided toproduce a set of five interim standardsbased on the ISO Draft InternationalStandards. These interim standards willbe developed ahead of the publicationof the final versions of the ISO documents.The objectives of these new ISOdocuments have some similarities to theISO 9000 series. They deal with environmentalmanagement systems, environmentalauditing, and qualificationcriteria for environmental auditors (anotherinstantnew profession?). The concernis thus with process, and not withproduct. Just as following the ISO 9000series can lead to an excellent processand a poor product, these newstandards may conceivably leadto excellent processes whichmonitor environments that arenot satisfactory for human habitation.Again, the intentions are worthy, butthe overwhelming considerations arewith air and water pollution - withnoise and vibration listed with "other"environmental aspects. As far as havinglong-term cumulative effects on ourworld is concerned, air and water pollutiondo differ from noise and vibration.Nevertheless, the effects of noise andvibration are often immediate, affectmillions of people on a continuing basis,and are becoming better understoodevery day. This issue of Noise/News Internationalcontains, in the Books Department,a description of a book on"Community Noise" to be published bythe World Health Organization. Thebook deals with more than communitynoise; it deals with the effects of noisein a variety of situations in the workplace,at leisure, and in the home. Themore than 750 references in this slimvolume attest to the fact that noise is aserious environmental health problem.The "culture" being thrust upon usthrough the ISO 1400 series of standards,may not be the ideal, but it isimportant that noise be recognized as anenvironmental pollutant that, in manyways, is just as serious as air and waterpollution, and has immediate effects.Those of us concerned with designswhich are optimal from an acousticalviewpoint and with control of environmentalnoise must be vigilant and proactiveto ensure that our concerns are notneglected.- Anita LawrenceAsia-Pacific Editor6 NoiselNews International 1996 March

Member Society ProfileThe Canadian Acoustical AssociationThe history ofthe Canadian AcousticalAssociation dates back to a meetingof 18 persons interested in acoustics heldat the National Research Council inOttawa, Ontario on 1962 March 29. Thediscussions indicated that activities inacoustics within Canada should be structured.The following year, a second meetingwas held, and the group adopted thetitle Canadian Committee on Acousticsfor its activities. Tom Northwood wasappointed as Chair, and Tony Embletonwas appointed as Secretary.The year 1972 was a major milestonefor the committee. During a meeting atMcGill University, Montreal, Quebec, in1972, the question was raised: Where dowe go from here? Two items discussedwere the publication of a newsletter, anda change in the name of the organi zation.The first issue of a newsletter was published,and a guest article dealt with thequestion of how the organization shouldbe structured; as a committee, an association,or as a society. Regular annual meetingscontinued, and at the meeting in1974, the name Canadian Acoustical Association/ I'Associa tio n Can adi enn ed'Acoustique was adopted. The CAANewsletter continued to be published,and, in 1975, its circulation exceeded250.The incorporation process was initiatedin 1976 by Hugh Jones, and theorganization was officially incorporatedon 1977 April 22.The Canadian Acoustical Associationbecame a Member Society of InternationalINCE in 1978 with John Hemingway appointedas the CAA representative.Work continued on the improvementand upgrading of the newsletter; its formatwas changed in 1978,and in 1983 itbecamemore of a technical journal with news. Itsname was changed to Canadian Acoustics,This is the thirteenth in a series ofarticleson the history and activities ofthe MemberSocieties of International INCE. - Edand, in 1987, the CAA celebrated 15years of continuous publication.One of the major events in the historyof the Assoc iation was the organization ofth e 12th Int ernati on al Congr ess onAcoustics which was held in Toronto ,Ontari o in 1986 July in conjunction withthe 25th meeting of the CAA. The meetingwas an outstanding success with 954participants from 36 countries.Acoustics Week in Canada is a regulareve nt for the Canadian Aco usticalAss ociation. The meetin gs held duringthat week genera lly draw more than 100participant s. In 1993, the meetin g washeld in Toronto, Ont ario. Trevor Nightingalewa s cha ir of the 1994 eventwhich was held in Ottawa, Ontario in1994 October, and B. Gosselin was thechair of the 1995 Acoustics Week inCanada whic h was held in Quebec City,Qu eb ec in 1995 October. Acou sti csWeek in Canada will be held in 1996October in Calgary, Alberta.The CAA gives several prizes for outstandingwork in acoustics, the Edgar andMillicent Shaw Postdoctoral Prize inAcoustics, the Alexander Graham BellPrize in Speech Communication and BehavioralAcoustics, and the Eckel Prize inNoise Control. The CAA is considering anew prize in memory of 1995 PresidentRaymond Hetu who passed away duringhis term in office.The CAA now has more than 400members, a number which has grownsteadily over the past few years.John Hemingway is the current presidentof the CAA, and Trevor Nightingaleis the Executive Secretary. Murray Hodgsonserves as the Editor-in-Chief of CanadianAcoustics.More information on CAA activitiesmay be obtained by contacting the Associationat the address given in the InternationalINCE directory on page 62 ofthis issue.1996MarchNoiselNews International 7

FeatureProfessional Societies in the Fields of Acousticsand Noise Control - Their Publications and TheirConferencesPrepared by the NNI editorial staffIntroductionThe world of science and technology is undergoinga period of extremely rapid change. This is due, atleast in part, to political, economic and social developmentson the world scene which are reflected in achanging environment for scientific research andtechnological development. Indeed, the manner inwhich research and development (R&D) are carriedout in future years will be strongly influenced by theso-called electronic revolution, the era of enhancedelectronic communication. The arrival of the Internetis having a profound influence on communicationsamong scientists and engineers on the onehand, and between the researchers and the generalpublic on the other hand.As the new millennium comes closer, it is appropriateto pose several key questions:1. Are the existing societies which serve the fieldof acoustics in general, and the sub-field of noisecontrol, in particular, providing satisfactory servicesto their members?2. What changes can be expected from the existingsocieties as they respond to the new environmentcreated by the electronic revolution?3. Will the existing organizations be able to respondrapidly enough to the changing world environmentso that they will continue to grow in bothnumber of members and in the services provided tothese members?The intent of this article is not to provide detailedanswers to these questions, but rather to provideinformation on which the reader may base his or herown conclusions. Because acoustics is an exceptionallybroad, inter-disciplinary field, it is importantthat the limitations of this article be defined.This article is concerned with today's world. Itgives a limited amount of historical information onthe origins of the professional societies and otherorganizations serving the field of acoustics. It doesnot attempt to predict the future. It deals primarilywith those societies that serve scientists, researchersand engineers who are concerned with those aspectsof acoustics that relate to the control of noise byengineering means. Some of the organizations basedin the social and life sciences that cover noise as itaffects human hearing are mentioned but are notcovered in depth.This article describes professional organizationswhose members have become involved with acousticsand noise control in a variety of different ways. Of theacademic institutions of the world, many offer coursesin acoustics, but few present courses dedicated to theengineering aspects of noise control.Moreover, only a few institutions offer specializeddegrees in acoustics, mostly at the graduatelevel. Almost no degrees are granted in the specializedfield ofnoise control engineering. Hence,most students enter acoustics and noise controlthrough one of the conventional curricula offeredin mechanical engineering, electrical engineering,physics, architecture, and related fields of thephysical and engineering sciences. Interest inacoustics and noise control by a member of one ofthe professional societies mentioned in this articlemay be secondary to a primary interest in a relatedor unrelated field.Acoustics and noise control engineering go handin-hand.Most (but not all) noise control engineersconcerned with environmental noise would considerthemselves to be acousticians. The inverse is nottrue, as most acousticians would not consider themselvesto be noise control engineers.The SocietiesThe organizations of the world which serve acousticsand noise control can be broadly divided intothree categories: national organizations, regional associations,and international organizations. In this8NoiselNews International1996 March

section, the societies themselves are described interms of their interests, their total memberships, andtheir administrations. In later sections, the publicationsand conferences of these societies are described.It is convenient to divide the nationalorganizations into two sub-categories: those of theUSA and those outside the USA.Organizations in the USAConsidering those organizations with headquartersin the USA, it is convenient to divide them into fourcategories.The first category, starting with the AcousticalSociety ofAmerica (ASA), includes those organizationswhich are dedicated exclusively to acoustics orto one of its closely related sub-fields. All of themembers of these organizations would identifythemselves as acousticians, audio specialists ornoise control engineers - broadly speaking, asacoustical engineers.The second category includes the large engineeringsocieties with many thousands of members startingwith the Institute ofElectrical and ElectronicsEngineers (IEEE). Only a small number of the totalmembership of these societies would identify themselvesas acoustical engineers. But each of the societiesin this category has a sizeable grouping ofmembers, a sub-set of the parent society concernedwith aspects of acoustics and noise control.The third category includes U.S. organizationsthat produce standards.The fourth category includes specialty organizationswhich do not fall into the first three categories,such as the National Council ofAcoustical Consultants(NCAC) and the American Industrial HygieneAssociation.The Acoustical OrganizationsThe Acoustical Society ofAmerica (ASA) was thefirst national organization in the USA which wasestablished to "... increase and diffuse the knowledgeof acoustics and promote its practical application."The decision to establish the organization wasmade by 40 scientists and engineers at the end of1928, and the initial membership was about 450when the ASA was chartered in 1929. The organizationhas grown to about 7,000 members today. Themembers are given the opportunity to indicate theirprimary, secondary and tertiary interests in each ofthirteen sub-fields of acoustics. The combinednumber of members listing either their primary orsecondary interest in noise (1636) is second only tothose interested in psychological and physiologicalacoustics (1989). Speech communication is thirdwith 1566 and underwater acoustics fourth with1552. From its founding, ASA members have had astrong interest in noise and noise control.During the period 1955-61, ASA published NoiseControl magazine. The termination of this publicationwas one of the factors that lead to the formationof the Institute of Noise Control Engineering a decadelater. As an institution devoted to scientificresearch, ASA continues to thrive with the Journalofthe Acoustical Society ofAmerica and two meetingseach year. As the first organization to be formedin acoustics, ASA had little "competition" in thefield. But in the area of engineering, the society hasfailed to maintain its growth, partly because nationalengineering organizations with interests in specificareas of acoustics have recognized the need to servetheir own members, and partly because of the absenceof individuals in ASA leadership positionswho recognized growth opportunities, needs andprofessional interests in engineering fields closelyrelated to acoustics.In the early 1950s, the Audio Engineering Society(AES) was organized for the purpose of "unitingpersons performing professional services in theaudio engineering field and its allied arts." This wasthe second major defection from the AcousticalSociety ofAmerica. The first is described later inthis article (see entry under the IEEE). There appearsto have been a feeling among the founders of theAES that while those individuals with professionaltraining in the science of acoustics have at least someknowledge of the audio field, the inverse is notnecessarily true. Many persons performing professionalservices in the audio engineering field havelittle formal training in acoustics. Full membershipin the Acoustical Society of America is limited tothose with academic degrees in acoustics or closelyrelatedfields. Hence, the opportunity existed for anew society that would appeal to the audiophileregardless of his or her academic background. Anotherfortunate circumstance favored the founderswhen they selected the name for the new organization.Either intentionally or unintentionally, theyomitted of America or American from the name.Today, the AES is the audio engineering society ofworld, with twice as many local sections outside theUSA (42) as within the USA (21).The AES has grown rapidly since its founding toa society with 12,000 members today. The AES hasfour technical committees covering acoustics andsound reinforcement; signal processing;transducers; and transmission. In addition, the Societyhas an active program for the development ofaudio standards (see below). The AES has no formalprograms at the present time relating to noise andnoise control.The Institute ofNoise Control Engineering of1996 MarchNoiselNews International 9

the United States of America (INCE/USA) wasestablished in 1971 June as a professional societysensitive to the needs and responsibilities of noisecontrol engineers and dedicated to a leadership rolein applying noise control technology to the benefitof mankind.Interest in international affairs has always been akey concern of INCEIUSA. Section 5 of its ArticlesofIncorporation states: "As interest in noise controlengineering develops in other parts of the world, theInstitute shall encourage and participate in the establishmentof national institutes in other countriesleading to an eventual federation of institutes ofnoise control engineering." INCEIUSA played amajor role in the establishment in 1974 October ofthe International Institute of Noise Control Engineering(I-INCE). With the formation of InternationalINCE, responsibility for organizing theINTER-NOISE series of international congresseswas transferred by the Board of Directors ofINCEIUSA to the new organization.In those years that an INTER-NOISE Congressis held outside the USA, INCEIUSA sponsors anational conference on noise control engineering.The first NOISE-CON was held in Washington,D.C., in 1973 October. Thirteen NOISE-CONs havebeen held to date. The next one is scheduled for theend of 1996 September, in Bellevue, Washington,USA. The papers presented at a NOISE-CON coverall aspects of noise control engineering.INCEIUSA currently has almost 1200 membersand associates. Noise Control Engineering Journal(NCE]) is published bimonthly with articles coveringall aspects of noise control engineering. Theother periodical of INCEfUSA is this news magazinewhich is published jointly with InternationalINCE. The first issue of the newsletter Noise/Newsappeared in 1972 January. In 1993 March, the firstissue of this news magazine was published as aconsolidation of Noise/News and the I-INCE Newsletter.Production of this news magazine is coordinatedby the Institute of Electrical and ElectronicsEngineers (IEEE).From the Institute's inception, its members haveworked to create an organization dedicated to maintaininga high level of professionalism in its specializedfield through certification of engineeringcompetence, through its popularization of the latestadvances in language accessible by the general public,and through its conferences and publications.The Large Engineering SocietiesThe members of these organizations, who mayormay not identify themselves as acousticians or noisecontrol engineers, are primarily engineers in one ofthe "classical" disciplines (i.e., mechanical, electri-cal, civil, etc.) with interests in acoustics and noisecontrol.The first of the large engineering societies toform its own specialty group in a sub-field of acousticswas the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE), anorganization which merged with the American Instituteof Electrical Engineers (AlEE) in 1963, and isnow known as the Institute ofElectrical and ElectronicsEngineers (IEEE). The IRE had a numberof professional groups covering various aspects ofradio engineering. The first group to be formed (in1949) was the Professional Group on Audio (PGA)which advertised itself as a "group of members ofthe IRE devoted to the advancement of audio technology."Audiophiles without academic training hadno more interest in joining the IRE than they had injoining the Acoustical Society of America. Hence,the Audio Engineering Society flourished immediatelyafter its founding in 1951, while growth of thePGA was modest. By the time of the merger of theIRE with the AlEE, the PGA was almost defunct.What saved it was a forced consolidation with theIRE's standards committee on audio and electroacoustics.The surviving name, IEEE Group on Audioand Electroacoustics (G-AE), reflected the increasingimportance of electroacoustic transducers inaudio and high fidelity sound reproduction. But bythe middle of the decade of the 1960s, it was clearto the G-AE Administrative Committee that somethingwould have to be done to rejuvenate the groupor it would die.In 1965, Cooley and Tukey published a paper inMathematics ofComputation on their rediscovery ofthe Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). There were thoseon the G-AE Administrative Committee who saw abright future for audio and electroacoustics with theadvent of the FFT. In 1966, the G-AE cosponsoreda special workshop (with standing room only) at thespring meeting of the Acoustical Society of Americain Boston which was entitled: Uses ofPower SpectrumAnalysis. The papers presented at this workshopwere published in the first special issue of theIEEE Transactions on Audio and Electroacousticsin 1967. The following year (1968), the G-AE sponsoredthe first of four Arden House Workshops onthe FFT and digital signal processing.In 1970, the IEEE Board instituted a reorganizationof IEEE technical activities. Semi-autonomoussocieties were created within the IEEE structurefrom the existing groups. By the end of 1975, whathad been the IEEE Group on Audio and Electroacousticshad been transformed into the IEEE Societyon Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing. The eraof explosive growth began. The final step in thetransformation was completed in 1990 when acousticsand speech were dropped from its name. With10Noise/News International1996 March

23,000 memberstoday, the IEEE Society on SignalProcessing is the fourth largest of the 37 semiautonomoussocietieswithinthe IEEE.The applicationof digital signal processing techniques to thefield of noisecontrolengineeringwhichhad spurredthe work of the G-AE in the late 1960s, as well asmostacousticalapplications, are subjectsof interestto the IEEE Society on Signal Processing today.TheAmerican Society ofMechanical Engineers(ASME) is an organization with 125,000members.ASMEhas 38divisionswhichareorganizedin eightgroups. The Management Division is the largestwith roughly a quarter of all ASME members. TheNoise Control and Acoustics Division (NCAD) isone of the smallest with 695 members having primaryinterestin noiseand 693 with secondaryinterestin noise. Each division is headed by its ownchairman and executive committee, and has anumberof technicalcommitteeswhichcarry out thework of planning meeting programs and reviewingpapers.NCADwasestablishedin 1980,firstasanationalgroup,andthen as a full-fledgeddivision.The homefor its publications is the ASME Journal of Vibrationsand Acoustics. Its principalconferenceactivityis the ASME International MechanicalEngineeringCongressandExposition(IMECE), formerlyknownas the Winter Annual Meeting as it is held duringNovemberof the year,just before the Thanksgivingholiday.One mayjoin the ASMEwithminimalformality.In order to become a member, one needs to applyand obtain letters of recommendation, some ofwhich shouldbe from ASME members. A memberhas the opportunity to indicate an interest in threetechnical divisions (out of 38) when dues are paid.The member is then placed on the mailing lists forthese divisions. There are no other formalities foraffiliatingwith a particulardivision. Includedin theASME dues are subscriptions to the monthly MechanicalEngineering magazine and ASME News,plus subscriptions to the newsletters of the threedivisions selected by the member. Newsletters appeartwo to fourtimesa year and typicallyconsistofsix pages of division news items. The ASME publishesmore than a dozen archivaljournals, as wellas monographs and books, all at extra cost to themember. The ASMEorganizesmorethantwodozenmajor conferenceseach year.Withinthe ASME organization, NCADdoes nothave a unique charter in the fields of noise controland acoustics. The chartersof at least 20 of ASME's38 divisionsindicate some concern with noise controlin the broad sense. Severaldivisionshave longestablishedcommittees which are concerned withacoustics and vibration. The Applied MechanicsDivision, which is oriented towards theoreticalanalyses and dominatedby academics, has a shockand vibration committee. The Design EngineeringDivision, which has more of an applications orientationand more of an industrial membership, has avibration and sound committee. This committee isresponsible for the ASME Vibrations Conferences.Noise and vibration-related committees are to befound also in other ASMEdivisions: Fluid Dynamics,Gas Turbines, Gears, Safety, Manufacturing,and Piping and PressureVessels.The ASME procedure for reviewing papers andmanuscripts ensures thequality of thepapers presentedandpublished intheirjournals. Anindividualrespondingto a call for papers is usually requested to submit anabstract, on the basis of which a review committeejudgestheprobable suitability of thepaperfortheconferenceinquestion. Theauthor istheninvited tosubmita full manuscript which issubjected toreview bytwoorthree peers. Depending upon thereviewer's recommendations,anaccepted paper (revised asmayberequestedby thereview committee) maythenbe published eitherin an archival journal, or in theform of a preprint only,or in Mechanical Engineering. In mostcases, thefinalpreprinted version of thepapermustbeavailable beforethe paperis accepted for oralpresentation at a conference.The ASME publication process tends to be extendedanddrawn out; ittypically takes between 12and18 months from first offer to publication. Preprints ofindividual papers aresold atconferences; sets ofpapersarecollected intomonographs which aresoldin lieuofconference proceedings.The ASME clearly constitutes a natural "home"for mechanicalengineers- includingthosewithaninterestin noise controland related topics.Its meetingsprovide a mechanicalengineer with an opportunitytomeet other engineerswith relatedinterests.But the ASME paper-publication process is slow,and mostof the paperspresentedare of an academicnature. Controversial papers on "hot" topics mayfind their way into unpublished panel discussions,but rarely into print.The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)with a total membership of 66,000 covers automotiveengineering in its broadest sense; its scope includesaerospace engineering. The SAE does nothave a structure which parallels that of the ASME,its activities related to acoustics and noise controlbeing concentrated in two conferences. The InternationalSAECongressheldannuallyinDetroitwithtens of thousands of participants usually has a fewpapers on noise and vibration control presented byoverseas authors who are attending the congress.The principal SAE activity of interest here is theNoise and Vibration Conferenceheld biannually inTraverseCity, Michigan.1996 MarchNoise/News International 11

Arranged by the General Committee of the Noiseand Vibration Conference, the first was held in 1985with 350 participants. The most recent conferencewas held in 1995 with 1600 participants, includingattendees at short courses offered in conjunctionwith the conference. A proceedings of each Noiseand Vibration Conference is available to attendeesat registration. These conferences are of particularinterest to engineers who are concerned with noiseand vibration control for the products of the automotiveand aerospace industries.The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating,and Airconditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)has a current membership in excess of 50,000. About90% of the members are resident in North America.Activities in the areas of noise and vibration controlare the responsibility of Technical Committee TC2.6 which is a sub-unit of the Research and TechnicalCommittee. Although the number of voting membersofTC 2.6 is limited by ASHRAE to 18, there isno limit imposed on the number of technically qualifiedcorresponding members that can be appointedto serve on the committee. The voting members areappointed for a period of three years and then rotatedto the status of corresponding member, subject toreappointment on a cyclical basis.At the present time, there is a total of 38 votingand corresponding members serving on TC 2.6.Twelve of these members are professional acousticalconsultants with a broad range of experience inboth applied and theoretical acoustics. The remainderare consulting engineers in HVAC system design,people responsible for acoustics inmanufacturing organizations, and representatives ofindustry trade associations concerned with the developmentof testing and rating standards and procedures.ASHRAE TC 2.6 is responsible for the revisionand updating of the material published in the chapterson sound and vibration control incorporated inthe Applications and Fundamentals editions of theASHRAE Handbooks. In addition, the responsibilitiesinclude the organization of forums, seminarsand symposia presented at semi-annual meetings ofthe Society, the preparation of work statements forproposed research in conjunction with long-rangeplanning, and the monitoring of funded researchprojects.ASHRAE has a sizable budget for supportingengineering research, probably the largest of anyprofessional society in the world. Since ASHRAEhas a strong interest in noise and vibration control,TC 2.6 has been fortunate in obtaining funding tosupport research projects in these areas. Within thepast five years, research projects totaling in excessof USD 500,000 have been either completed or arein progress at the present time. Among these are:• Empirically-determined algorithms for predictingthe noise reduction of duct lining materials asa function oflining thickness, duct size, geometryand length. (Completed)• Preparation of a handbook entitled, "A PracticalGuide to Noise and Vibration Control for HVACSystems," now available from ASHRAE Publications.• Investigation of the low-frequency behavior ofreverberant test chambers and techniques forminimizing the potential error in sound powerlevel determination in the frequency range wherethe modal density is sparse. (Completed)• A procedure for determining the transfer functionbetween sound power level and room sound pressurelevel for sources located in a ceiling plenum.(In progress)• Determination of the relationship between lowfrequencyHVAC noise and comfort in occupiedspaces - objective phase. (Completed)• Determination of the relationship between lowfrequencyHVAC noise and comfort in occupiedspaces - subjective phase. (In progress)• Preparation of a handbook, "Guide to the ProperApplication and Use of Manufacturer's SoundData on HVAC Equipment." (In progress)Of particular concern to ASHRAE at the presenttime are the numerous significant problems encounteredwith low-frequency noise which have beenidentified with the frequency range below 100 Hz,where most reverberant test facilities cannot bequalified according to present standards. An evenmore perplexing problem is how to estimate roomsound pressure levels in this frequency range, shoulda practical method ultimately be devised for determiningsource sound power levels. This is a highpriorityitem in the long-range research plan underconsideration by ASHRAE.The American Institute ofAeronautics and Astronautics(AIAA) was formed in 1963 through themerger of the American Rocket Society and theInstitute of Aerospace Sciences. There are threeclasses of membership: professional, student, andcorporate. Current membership is approximately30,000. AIAA publishes six peer-reviewed technicaljournals, accredited aerospace standards, a general12Noise/News International1996 March

interest magazine - Aerospace America - andholds over 20 technical conferences and seminarsyearly.The Aeroacoustics Technical Committee of theAIAA is one of 65 such committees. The scope ofthe Aeroacoustics TC is: "The physics of noise producedby motion of fluids and bodies movingthrough the atmosphere and by chemical reactionprocesses and the response of human beings, structures,and the atmosphere to aerodynamic noise."The TC organizes an Aeroacoustics Conference thatis scheduled at l2-month intervals, and coordinatessessions devoted to aeroacoustics at the annualAerospace Sciences Meeting that is held duringJanuary each year.Although AIAA has an active aerospace standardsprogram with 35 consensus documents publishedin recent years, standards activity in the area ofaeroacoustics has been low. One of the 75 projectsof the AIAA Standards Program has as its scope:"Standardization of performance requirements andtest methods in the field of aeroacoustics," but therehas been no Aeroacoustics TC involvement in thisarea for the past several years.u.s. Standards OrganizationsThe American National Standards Institute(ANSI) is the national coordinator of voluntarystandards development and the clearing house in theUSA for information on national and internationalstandards. Not all standards developed in the USAare American National Standards, but the most importantones in acoustics and noise control are developedby organizations that are accredited byANSI.The Acoustical Society ofAmerica (ASA) has aprogram supporting the development and publicationof standards in acoustics. This program is carriedout by the ASA Standards Secretariat. TheSociety is responsible for the standards produced byfour independent standards committees that are accreditedby ANSI. They are SI (Acoustics), S2 (MechanicalShock and Vibration), S3 (Bioacoustics)and S12 (Noise). These committees have wide representationfrom the technical community (manufacturers,consumers, and general-interestrepresentatives). Their standards cover acousticalterminology, measurement procedures, acousticalequipment specifications and calibration methodsfor presenting test data and defining the characteristicsand effects of noise, sound, and vibration.They are developed for use by industry, laboratories,agencies of federal, state and local governments, andthe public at large. Each of the standards committeesoperates in accordance with procedures approved byANSI and is responsible for developing, votingupon, and maintaining or revising its own standards.An American National Standard implies a consensusof those substantially concerned with its scope andprovisions.ASA is currently supporting over 110 publishedstandards, all of which are American NationalStandards. About 650 individuals are involved in theASA Standards Program; one-half of them are ASAmembers. The work to develop standards is carriedout by 90 working groups. In S12, there is heavyindustrial participation with some consultants andacademics involved. In S1, the mixture is similarwith some instrument manufacturers represented. InS3, there are many research-oriented participants.The Society ofAutomotive Engineers (SAE) hastwo standards-producing groups. The J Committeesdeal with standards for surface vehicles (more than200 people are involved in this work) and the A-21Committee on Aircraft Noise (65 people are involved).Together, the two groups have producednearly a hundred standards documents, of whichabout one-half are American National Standards.The SAE A-21 Committee on Aircraft Noise wasorganized in 1957 with representatives from theairframe and engine industry, airports, airlines, governmentresearch and regulatory agencies, academia,and acoustical consultants. Because aircraftnoise continues to be a problem around the world,the members of the A-21 Committee are from theUSA, Canada, Europe and Japan. I~ the 1960s andcontinuing into the 1980s, the A-21 Committee producedseveral consensus documents published asSAE Aerospace Recommended Practices and SAEAerospace Information Reports. This work helpedform the technical foundation for the aircraft noisecertification requirements contained in Part 36 of theU.S. Federal Aviation Requirements and in Annex16 to the General Convention of the InternationalCivil Aviation Organization. Project work teams ofthe A-21 Committee are currently active in fiveareas: aircraft noise sources; sound propagation;aircraft noise certification; aircraft noise managementand evaluation; and aircraft interior noise. Thescope of work of the A-21 Committee includesjet-propelled and propeller-driven airplanes, and thepotential noise problems associated with supersonic(or hypersonic) jet transports, including sonicbooms. The A-21 Committee meets once a year for1-2 days; the project work teams schedule meetingsas often as required. All meetings are open, andanyone may attend.The American Society for TestingandMaterials(ASTM) Committee on Environmental Acoustics,E-33, is responsible for the development of standardson the characteristics and performance of materials,products, systems and services relating to the1996 MarchNoiselNews International 13

acoustical environment and the promotion of relatedknowledge. The ASTM is not a professional societyin the usual sense, nor is it a trade association. It isa unique organization founded nearly a century agoto promote the development of standards on a broadrange of subjects related to materials, products, systemsand services. The Society currently has 37,000members. Its standards are published in the AnnualBook ofASTM Standards.ASTM E-33 on Environmental Acoustics has139 members and holds two meetings a year of themain committee and its subcommittees. E-33 hasnine technical subcommittees:• E-33.01 on Sound Absorption - the developmentof test methods and specifications for thesound absorption and other physical properties ofmaterials, products, and systems as designed orused for the absorption of airborne sound.• E-33.02 on Open Plan Spaces - the developmentof test methods and practices relating to materials,products and systems used for the control ofacoustics in open plan spaces, such as offices,schools, etc.• E-33.03 on Sound Transmission - the developmentof standards dealing with the sound transmissioncharacteristics and performance ofmaterials, products, and systems relating to theacoustical environment and the response thereto.• E-33.04 on Application of Acoustical Materialsand Systems - the development of standards forinstallation and use of acoustical materials, productsand systems that will lead to predictableperformance in buildings.• E-33.05 on Research - the development of testprocedures common to two or more test standards;the establishment of guidelines for the metricationof E-33 standards; the coordination ofresearch projects aimed at improving E-33 testprocedures; and the publication of test and researchinformation developed by E-33.• E-33.06 on International Standards - this subcommitteeis the U.S. Technical Advisory Groupfor ISO/TC43/SC2 on Building Acoustics.• E-33.07 on Definitions and Editorial- nomenclature,definitions, units and symbols.• E-33.08 on Mechanical and Electrical SystemNoise - the development of standards dealingwith the noise produced by mechanical and elec-trical equipment associated with buildings andindustrial installations.• E-33.09 on Community Noise -preparation)(scope underIn recent years, the ASTM has made a concertedeffort to internationalize its standards and to seektheir adoption outside the USA. The U.S. Governmenthas adopted a "hands-off' policy with respectto the development of standards. This is a uniqueposition as the governments of all other countriesparticipate in standards development by providingfunding for their standards organizations. Standardsdevelopment is strictly a voluntary process in theUSA with no governmental funding. This situationhas lead to a continuing debate between ANSI andASTM over the rights to issue American NationalStandards and to represent the USA to the standardsdevelopingbodies overseas.The activities of ASA, SAE and ASTM in thedevelopment of acoustical standards have been describedin some detail. But these three are not theonly organizations preparing acoustical standards inthe USA. There are more than 20 other organizationsthat have produced one or two standards on noise.These other organizations are closely related to differentproducts, and the standards they produce areusually concerned with the particular class of productsof interest to the preparing organization. A fewof these product standards that have been developedaccording to ANSI procedures have been recognizedas American National Standards.The Audio Engineering Society is also active inthe development of standards, but none of its publishedstandards relates to noise and its control.Other OrganizationsThe National Council of Acoustical Consultants(NCAC) has member firms throughout the USA andCanada (90%), as well as international memberfirms (10%). NCAC is not a technical organization,but rather a council of nearly 150 member firmsrepresenting some 400 to 500 individuals who provideconsulting services in all branches of acoustics.NCAC was founded in 1962 and will celebrate its35th anniversary in 1997. NCAC promotes the businessneeds of the profession and the general welfareof the individual consultants.Approximately 40 percent of the member firmsare one or two person organizations including manyuniversity professors, with the remaining firms havingup to 20 or more individual consultants. Thelargest firm has more than 50 individual consultants.The university professors assist in advancing thetechnical knowledge of acoustics within the consult-14NoiselNews International1996 March

ing profession. The member firms each have onevote on the council which provides the overall governanceof the organization. In addition, there areindividual members who participate in committeeactivities but have no vote on the council. The focusof the organization is networking and the exchangeof information. NCAC encourages collaborative effortsamong acoustical consultants. It is inappropriatefor NCAC to publish papers or to developtechnical tools. The consensus appears to be thatpapers published in Noise Control EngineeringJournal and the Journal ofthe Acoustical Society ofAmerica are useful, particularly those papers includingpractical applications and techniques that can beput to immediate use by consultants. NCAC wasestablished to provide a service for the benefit of thepublic. NCAC does not have a certification procedure,but principals of NCAC member firms mustbe members of the Acoustical Society of America(ASA) or INCE/USA. NCAC has no formal relationshipwith either ASA or INCE/USA, but theyserve as the umbrella technical organizations. MostNCAC consultants are also members of other professionalorganizations, such as the Audio EngineeringSociety. Meetings of the NCAC board ofdirectors and long-range planning committee areusually held in conjunction with ASA meetings.A membership committee reviews applicants formembership. NCAC has a code of ethics and publishesa directory of acoustical consultants. Memberfirms are encouraged to list NCAC on their letterheads.The strength of the organization is that it has agood interface with the general public; its membersdeal with a large number of people. A medium-sizeNCAC member firm will have several hundred differentprojects each year. Another strength is itsclose association with strong technical and scientificsocieties.The American Industrial Hygiene Association(AIHA) was established in 1939. During the pastdecade, membership in the association has increasedfrom 6,000 to over 11,000. The AIHA has a NoiseCommittee with 28 members. The AIHA annualconference with about 5,000 in attendance is alwaysheld during the spring, usually during Mayor June.There is usually at least one session on noise at theannual conference which is organized by the NoiseCommittee. In the local sections of the AIHA, thereis rarely any discussion of issues related to noise.The mission statement of the AIHA Noise Committeeis: "to provide to health professionals, theindustry and the community a forum for disseminatingand exchanging ideas and information about theeffects of exposure to noise and vibration, the controlthereof, and methods of hearing conservation."The goal of the Noise Committee is to: "assemble,evaluate, and disseminate to occupational and environmentalhealth professionals information relevantto hearing conservation, noise and vibration control."The three objectives of the AIHANoise Committeeare to:• discuss and act upon noise, vibration, and hearingconservation issues,• provide education and training on noise, vibration,and hearing conservation issues,• identify, evaluate, and comment on proposed legislation,regulations, standards, and guidelines affectingnoise, vibration, and hearing conservationissues.To fulfill these objectives, the Noise Committeehas prepared a Noise and Hearing ConservationManual. This manual published by the AIHA is oneof the association's bestsellers. Ten thousand copieshave been sold of the fourth edition. The manual willbe revised again in the near future.The AIHA is associated with the AmericanBoard of Industrial Hygiene which certifies individualsin industrial hygiene. The American Conferenceof Governmental Industrial Hygienists(ACGIH) is a completely separate organization withseveral thousand members from government andacademia. The ACGIH publishes consensus recommendationsfor threshold limits based entirely onscientific evidence. In 1969, the ACGIH recommendeda limit on noise exposure of the equivalentof an A-weighted sound level of 90 dB over aneight-hour period. This recommendation was thecatalyst for the U.S. Department of Labor's noiseregulation. The current ACGIH recommendation foran upper limit is the equivalent of an A-weightedsound level of 85 dB over an eight-hour period.Other organizations concerned with acoustics,noise and vibration are the American Speech-Language-HearingAssociation (ASHA) with 81,000members which is responsible for the certificationof audiologists. ASHA has been active on mattersrelating to noise regulations and hearing conservation.The National Hearing Conservation Association(NHCA) is likewise concerned with issuesconcerning noise regulations and hearing conservation.NCHA sponsors a national conference on thesesubjects every year. The Vibration Institute offerstraining courses and seminars on topics related tovibrations and vibration control.There are, of course, many organizations in theUnited States government with regulatory authority1996 MarchNoiselNews International 15

elated to noise. These organizations are not coveredin this article. There are two organizations of theU.S. Government which deal with various aspectsof noise and its control, but have no regulatoryauthority. The Federal Interagency Committee onAircraft Noise (FICAN) holds one meeting a yearwith 30-40 attendees representing agencies of theU.S. Government. The purpose of the committee isto exchange information; it has no policy-makingrole. The Transportation Research Board of the NationalResearch Council has Committee AIF04 onTransportation-Related Noise and Vibration. Thiscommittee normally meets twice a year. This committeenormally meets twice a year, in conjunctionwith the TRB annual meeting in January, duringwhich two or three special sessions on noise andvibration are presented, and in the summer when thecommittee meets by itself and organizes a symposiumon a specialized topic.National OrganizationsOutside the USA, individuals interested in acousticsand noise control have felt the need to band togetherto promote common interests. In Noise/News International,thirteen Member Society Profiles havebeen published since 1993 March:• The Acoustical Society of America (1994 September)• The AcousticalSocietyof Finland(1995December)• The Acoustical Society of Japan (1994 March)• The AcousticalSocietyof Norway(1995September)• The AustralianAcousticalSociety(1993September)• The Belgian Acoustical Society (1993 June)• The BrazilianAcousticalSociety (1994December)• The Canadian AcousticalAssociation(1996March)• The French Acoustical Society (1993 March)• The Institute of Noise Control Engineering ofJapan (1994 June)• The Institute of Noise Control Engineering of theUSA (1995 June)• The New Zealand Acoustical Society (1995March)• The Swedish Acoustical Society (1995 March)All of these organizations were formed to satisfynational needs, and many publish and distributetechnical publications and newsletters to their members.They form a subset of the Member Societies ofInternational INCE listed at the front of this issue ofNoise/News International.For those readers who have access to the Internet,these Member Society Profiles can be accessedthrough the INCEfUSAhomepage which has a URLofhttp://users.ao1.com/inceusa/ince.htmlFrom this page, on can access the NNI Directorywhich is also published in each issue of NNI. In thedirectory on the Internet, there are links from thename of the Member Society to the profile.Regional AssociationsThe Western Pacific CommissionforAcoustics wasestablished in 1988 by representatives of the acousticalsocieties located in the Western Pacific region.The principal task of the Commission is to organizeregional conferences covering all fields of acoustics.The most recent was the Fifth Western Pacific RegionalAcoustics Conference (WESTPRAC) whichwas held in Seoul, Korea in 1994 August. Previousconferences were held in Singapore (1982), HongKong (1985), Shanghai (1988), and Brisbane(1991). The next conference is scheduled for 1997in Hong Kong. The Commission does not issue aregional publication because many of the nationalsocieties that are members of the Commission alreadyhave their own periodicals.The Federation of Acoustical Societies ofEurope (FASE) was founded in 1972. By the end ofthe decade of the 1980s, some 24 European acousticalsocieties had affiliated themselves with FASE.The organization has never had a technical publication,but has concentrated on organizing congresses,symposia and specialized conferences. The firstcongress held in Paris in 1975 had 490 participants.Since then, none of the FASE conferences has attractedmore than 200 participants. It is widely anticipatedthat the activities of FASE will be phasedout and replaced by those of the new organizationformed in Europe.At a meeting in Paris in 1992 September, representativesof eleven European acoustical societiesdecided to establish the European Acoustics Association(EAA) whose aim is to promote acoustics inEurope and in the world. At present, EAA has 20national acoustical societies on its roll - 13 as fullmembers and 7 as associate members. EAA publishesajournal,Acta Acustica, which has justcompletedits third year of publication. EAA holds its firstcongress, Forum Acusticum, in 1996 April in Antwerp,Belgium.International OrganizationsThe International Commission on Acoustics (ICA)is one of the twenty commissions on disciplinesrelated to physics within the International Union ofPure and Applied Physics (IUPAP). Established in1951, the ICA is the principal international organizationwhich represents acoustics and all of its subfieldsfor scientists and engineers. Professor TorKihlman is the current chairman of the commission.The mission of the ICA is to promote interna-16NoiselNews International1996 March

tional development and collaboration in all fields ofacoustics including research, development and education.Means for fulfilling its mission include: developingclose contacts with acoustical societies andinstitutions worldwide; taking a proactive role incoordinating the principal international meetingsdealing with acoustics; maintaining databases onacoustical meetings and important events, acousticalsocieties of the world, research institutes andlaboratories active in acoustics, and undergraduateand graduate educational opportunities in acousticsworldwide.The primary activity of the commission is thesponsoring of International Congresses on Acousticswhich have been held every third year since thefirst one in 1953 in Delft, The Netherlands. The lastcongress was held in 1995 in Trondheim, Norway.The next congress scheduled for 1998 in Seattle,Washington, USA, will be organized by the AcousticalSociety of America. A summary of the InternationalCongresses on Acoustics held to date is givenin Table 1.At the present time, members of the commissionare nominated by, among others, members of theearlier commission, and subsequently elected byIUPAP. The commission is currently in the processof changing its status within IUPAP so that thecommissioners in the future will receive their mandatesfrom the regional acoustical organizations.The International Institute of Noise ControlEngineering (I-INCE) was established in 1974 forthe coordination of worldwide activities of thoseorganizations interested in the engineering aspectsof noise control. International INCE serves in aleadership role in the applications of noise controltechnology on a world-wide basis. Its principal functionssince its founding have been to sponsor theINTER-NOISE series of congresses, to assist in theorganization of International INeE Symposia onspecialized topics, to publish a newsletter, and, since1993, to publish NoiselNews International in cooperationwith the Institute of Noise Control Engineeringof the USA. In 1992, the General Assembly ofInternational INCE was tasked to produce a seriesof reports on critical issues in noise control engineering.Todate, two reports have been published in draftform; one on noise at the workplace and one on theeffects of regulations on traffic noise. InternationalINCE has 38 Member Societies (see the listing at thefront of this issue of this magazine), each of whichis represented on the General Assembly. The I-INCEBoard has six directors who are elected for six-yearterms on the basis of past contributions to the managementof one or more INTER-NOISE Congresses.The secretariat of International INCE is located inLeuven, Belgium.The International Commission on BiologicalEffects of Noise (ICBEN) was chartered in 1968.The Commission has seven working groups, eachcomposed of leading specialists in the field of thebiological effects of noise. Each working groupdeals with a particular aspect of the subject with theobjective of providing a comprehensive coverage ofthe complex biological effects of noise on mammals.The working groups are:• WG 1 Noise-induced hearing loss• WG2 Noise and communication• WG3 Non-auditory physiological effects inducedby noise• WG4 Influence of noise on performance and behavior• WG5 Noise-disturbed sleep• WG6 Community response to noise• WG7 Noise and animalsAn international congress on Noise as a PublicHealth Problem has been held at five year intervalssince the first congress in Washington, DC, USA in1968, as follows: Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia in 1973;Freiburg, Germany in 1978; Turin, Italy in 1983;Stockholm, Sweden in 1988; and Nice, France in1993. The next congress will be held in Sydney,Australia in 1998. The secretariat of ICBEN is locatedin Dortmund, Germany.The International Association Against Noise(AICB) was established in Switzerland in 1959. Itorganizes congresses every other year in Europewhich cover noise abatement in its broadest sense,i.e. including social and legal requirements, regulationsand ordinances, noise control, and the effectsof noise. The secretariat of AICB is located in Lucerne,Switzerland.The International Union for Theoretical andAppliedMechanics (IUTAM) is a parallel organizationto IUPAP within the International Council ofScientific Unions (ICSU) founded in 1931. ICSU'spurpose is to coordinate international efforts inmany different branches of science and to providean organization within which autonomous nongovernmentalinternational scientific associations or unionscan be federated. There is no organizationcomparable to ICSU serving the engineering community.There are, nonetheless, several ICSU unionswith close ties to the engineering community, includingboth IUPAP and IUTAM. Since acousticshas historically been considered a field of physics,it was logical that support for international cooperationin acoustics research should come from IUPAPwhich established its Commission 7 (InternationalCommission on Acoustics - ICA) in 1951. IUTAMhas maintained a liaison relationship with the ICA1996 MarchNoiselNews International 17

Table 1. Dates and locations of past and future congressesof the International Commission on AcousticsDate2001 Rome, Italy1998 Seattle, USALocation1995 Trondheim, Norway1992 Beijing, Orina1989 Belgrade, Yugoslavia1986 Toronto, Canada1983 Paris,France1980 Sydney, Australia1977 Madrid, Spain1974 London, UnitedKingdom1971 Budapest, Hungary1968 Tokyo,Japan1965 Liege,Belgium1962 Copenhagen, Denmark1959 Stuttgart, Gennany1956 Cambridge, USA1953 Delft,The Netherlandsvibrations, but there is little cooperation betweenthem.Another nongovernmental international organizationdealing with acoustics is the InternationalCouncilfor Building Research (CIB), where cmstands for Conseil International du Batiment. cmhas some 30 working groups, one of which is onacoustics. The cm working group on acoustics hasbeen meeting every other year since 1970.Of the intergovernmental organizations, twoshould be mentioned. The International CivilAviationOrganization (lCAO) with headquarters inMontreal, Canada has responsibility for aviationregulations. ICAO is very much involved with aircraftnoise. The NorthAtlanticTreaty Organization(NATO) with headquarters in Brussels, Belgium hasa Scientific Affairs Division with a Committee onthe Challenges of Modern Society (CCMS).NATO/CCMS sponsors symposia from time to timeon noise prediction, modeling and effects.Table 2. Refereed technical journals published bynot-for-proflt societiesNameofjournal, Approximate Approximate Approximatefrequency, and lint annualnumber percentof circulationyear of publication of pages noise articlesJournalof the Acoustical 7500 5 9000Societyof America(JASA)(monthly)1930NoiseControl 400 100 2000Engineering Journal(NCEI)(bimonthly)1973ActaAcustica 700 10 3500(published bytheEAA)(bimonthly)1993ASMEJournalof 800 50 3200Vibrations and Acoustics(quarterly)retitled 1990for many years, and at times has participated withthe ICA in the sponsorship of joint symposia, but notrecently. Today, nearly a half-century after the establishmentof the ICA, acoustics is no longer recognizedas an integral sub-field of physics. Instructionin acoustics is most often given today by the engineeringdepartments of the world's universities. Theacademics concerned with theoretical and appliedmechanics consider acoustics and vibrations to bepart of their discipline. Hence, IUPAP and IUTAMare in a competitive situation. The situation is, indeed,comparable to the competition on a nationalscale that exists between the Acoustical Society ofAmerica (ASA) and the American Society of MechanicalEngineers (ASME). Both organizationshave members who are interested in acoustics andPublicationsThis section describes those publications with technicalarticles on acoustics and noise control whichconstitute the current literature of the field. Theprincipal concern is with international refereedjournals.By international is meant those journals thathave a significant circulation outside the country oforigin. There are two kinds of journals: those publishedby not-for-profit professional societies andthose published by for-profit commercial organizations.It should be pointed out that most professionalsocieties have one or more publications. Exceptwhen a professional society has a significant numberof foreign members, most of the circulation of thesociety's publications is likely to be within the countryin which its headquarters is located. For thisreason, publications of professional societies arelisted only when they are published in the Englishlanguage, and when it is known that the foreigncirculation is more than a few hundred copies.The most important journals and publications inacoustics and noise control are listed in Tables 2, 3and 4. The technical literature published outside theUSA is controlled to a far greater extent by for-profitcommercial publishers. These publishers are unlikelyto be affiliated with or to represent a not-forprofitsociety of professionals.Acoustics is a broadly inter-disciplinary subject.Technical articles appear from time to time on topicsrelated to acoustics and noise control in journals ofmechanical, electrical, and civil engineering, as wellas the journals of other fields. No attempt has beenmade here to include these occasional publicationsin the literature of acoustics and noise control.In addition to the technical articles appearing in18NoiselNews International1996 March

Table 3. Refereed technical journals published byfor-profit publishers.Name of journal, Approximate Approximatefrequency, and first annual number percent ofyear of publication of pages noisearticlesJournalof Soundand 8900 15VibrationAcademic Press(weekly)1960AppliedAcoustics 1200 50ElsevierAppliedScience(monthly)1973Table 4. Other unrefereed publications.Name of journal, Approximate Approximatefrequency, and IIrst annualnumber percent ofyear of publication of pages noise articlesNoise/News International 275 100INNI)INCE/USA& I-INCE(quarterly)1993Soundand Vibration 400 75Acoustical Publications,Inc.(monthly)1967Noise & Vibration 264 75Worldwide(lOP Publishing(mouthly)1970the publications listed in Tables 2, 3 and 4, a largenumber of other publications occasionally publisharticles on the engineering aspects of noise control.A study of the 1995 August issue of References toContemporary Papers on Acoustics published in theJournal ofthe Acoustical Society ofAmerica showsthat one or more papers relating to the engineeringaspects of noise and vibration control have recentlybeen published in the following journals:Acoustical Physics (Russia)Acoustics AustraliaAcoustics BulletinActa Acustica (China)AcusticaAIAA JournalAnnals ofNuclear EnergyApplied Mechanics ReviewsApplied OpticsASME Journal ofFluids EngineeringASME Journal ofPressure Vessel TechnologyAstrophysics JournalBritish Journal ofRadiologyCanadian AcousticsChinese Journal ofAcousticsCray ChannelsFinite Elements Analysis and DesignFractalsIEEE Transactions on Circuits and SystemsIEEE Transactions on Control SystemsTechnologyIEEE Transactions on Energy ConversionIEEE Transactions on Industrial ApplicationsIEEE Transactions on Power DeliveryIEEE Transactions on Speech and AudioProcessingIEEE Transactions on Signal ProcessingIEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics,Ferroelectrics and Frequency ControlInternational Journal ofModern PhysicsInternational Journal on Vehicle DesignInternational Journal on Remote SensingJapanese Journal ofMedical Electronics andBiological EngineeringJournal ofIntelligent Materials andSystems Structures IIJournal ofthe Acoustical Society ofJapan - EnglishJournal ofFluid MechanicsJournal ofthe Japanese Society onSimulation TechnologyJournal ofLow Frequency Noise and VibrationMachine DesignMeasurement Science and TechnologyMechanical Systems Signal ProcessingPattern RecognitionPowerPower EngineeringReviews ofScientific InstrumentsSleepSmart Materials and StructuresTheoretical Computational Fluid DynamicsThermal Engineering (Russia)Transactions ofthe American Nuclear SocietyTransformer DistributionWind EngineeringThe papers published in the above journals are allin the English language. It should be emphasizedthat there is a sizeable literature in languages otherthan English. Of particular importance is the periodicalLdrmbekampfung in the German language.In addition to the literature appearing in periodicals,there is an enormous number of paperspublished in the proceedings of conferences. Mostof these papers are unrefereed.International ConferencesAlmost all of the Member Societies of InternationalINCE (see listing on page 2 of this magazine) sponsormeetings for their members, usually at least once ayear. The World Conference Calendar has announcementsof many of these meetings, particularlythe ones that have a significant noise content. Proceedingsbooks are published before or after a number of1996 MarchNoiselNewsInternational 19

the Member Society meetings. These proceedingsform an important part of the literature of the field.Some of the larger conferences in acoustics areventures by for-profit organizations, but none havesurvived in the field of noise control engineering.There are a number of specialized courses and seminarsoffered by commercial organizations on noiseand noise-related topics, but no major conferences(more than 100 attendees) other than those organizedby not-for-profit organizations.The international conferences in acoustics andnoise control are organized by four organizations atthe present time:• International Commission on Acoustics (ICA)• International Institute of Noise Control Engineering(I-INCE)• International Organization AgainstNoise (AICB)• International Commission on Biological Effectsof Noise (ICBEN)The congresses organized by the ICBEN and AICBhave been mentioned earlier in this article. ICA hasbeen organizing International Congresses on Acousticsevery third year since 1953 (see Table 1). InternationalINCE has been organizing INTER-NOISETable 5. Dates and locations of past and futureINTER-NOISE congresses.Date1998November 16-181997August 25-271996July 31 - August 021995July 10-121994August29-311993August 24-261992July 20-22LocationOuistehurch, NewZealandBudapest, HungaryLiverpool, UnitedKingdomNewport Beach, California, USAYokohama, JapanLeuven, BelgiumToronto, Ontario, Canada1991 December 02-04 Sydney, Australia1990August 13-151989December 04-061988August30 - September 011987September 15-171986July 21-231985Septmeber 18-201984December 03-051983July 13-151982May 17-191981October06-081980December 08-101979September 11-131978May08-101977March01-031976April05-071975April27-291974September 30 - October 021973August 22-241972October04-06Gothenburg, SwedenNewport Beach, California, USAAviguon, FranceBeijing, ChinaCambridge, Massachusetts, USAMunich, GermanyHonolulu, Hawaii, USAEdinburgh, UnitedKingdomSanFrancisco, California, USAAmsterdam, The NetherlandsMiami, Florida,USAWarsaw, PolandSanFrancisco, California, USAZUrich, SwitzerlandWashington, DC, USArSendai, JapanWashington, DC,USACopenhagen, DenmarkWashington, DC, USACongresses annually since 1972 (see Table 5).Organizations Mentioned in ThisArticleAcoustical Society of AmericaAmerican Board of Industrial HygieneAmerican Conference of GovernmentalIndustrial HygienistsAmerican Industrial Hygiene AssociationAmerican Institute of Aeronautics andAstronauticsAmerican National Standards InstituteAmerican Society of Heating, Refrigerating,and Airconditioning EngineersAmerican Society of Mechanical EngineersAmerican Society for Testing and MaterialsAmerican Speech- Language-HearingAssociation Audio Engineering SocietyEuropean Acoustics AssociationFederal Interagency Committee on AircraftNoiseFederation of Acoustical Societies of EuropeInstitute of Electrical and Electronics EngineersInstitute of Noise Control Engineering ofthe USAInternational Association Against NoiseInternational Civil Aviation OrganizationInternational Commission on AcousticsInternational Commission on Biological Effectsof NoiseInternational Council of Scientific UnionsInternationalInternational Institute of Noise ControlEngineeringInternational Union of Pure and Applied PhysicsInternational Union of Theoretical andApplied MechanicsNational Council of Acoustical ConsultantsNational Hearing Conservation AssociationNational Research Council Committee onTransportation-Related Noise & VibrationSociety of Automotive EngineersVibration InstituteWestern Pacific Commission for AcousticsAcknowledgementsThe editorial staff wishes to thank the following whocontributed to this article:Steven Anastasion, Keith Attenborough, PeterBaade, Elliott Berger, Robert Bernhard, Warren Blazier,Steven Brown Robert Bruce, Norman Carter,William Cavanaugh, Kenneth Eldred, Tony Embleton,Ralph Hillquist, David Holger, Tor Kihlman,Gary Koopmann, Elio Manes, Alan Marsh, HenryMyncke, Richard Potter, Geraldine Pounsford,Lawrence Rabiner, Gregory Tocci, and Eric Ungar.20NoiselNews International1996 March

The ACTIVE 95 Proceedings are AvailableACTIVE 95, the 1995 International Symposium on Active Control of Sound andVibration, was held in Newport Beach, California, USA on 1995 July 06-08. Morethan 325 engineers and others interested in active control of sound and vibrationattended thethree-day meeting. TheSymposium featured six plenary session papersthat, together with 121 invited and contributed papers, appear in a 1400-pageProceedings. ACflVE 95 was a follow-on to the two meetings on Active Controlof Sound and Vibration held in Blacksburg, Virginia in 1991 and 1993, and aSymposium onActive Control of Sound andVibration heldinTokyo, Japanin 1991.Six plenary sessions were held during the Symposium, each devoted to a specialarea of active control. The lead plenary speaker was Professor Christopher R.Fuller, thefounder of themeetings held at theVirginia Polytechnic Institute andStateUniversity in Blacksburg Virginia. His topic was "Active control of coupled wavepropagation and associated power in fluid-filled elastic long pipes." He presentedthe results of a study on the active control of total powerflow in fluid-filled elasticpipes by the use of structurally mounted actuators. Professor Mikio Toyhama ofKogakuin University in Tokyo, Japan was the second plenary speaker. In hispresentation. titled "Room transfer functions and sound field control," he reviewedthe nature of transfer functions in a reverberant space, and described the process ofinverse filtering and its use in the control of sound fields. The third plenary lecture on active control of road noise insideautomobiles by Professor Robert J. Bernhard of Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana, USA. Professor HareoHamada of the Tokyo Denki University in Tokyo, Japan presented the fourth plenary lecture. His topic was "Geneticalgorithms usedfor active control of sound - search and identification of noise sources." KamW.Ng,of theOffice of NavalResearch inWashington, DC,USApresented thefifth plenary lecture. He spoke on "Applications of active control," andgavemany examples of control in vehicles andapplications of interest to theU.S. Navy. The final plenary speakerwas ProfessorMendel Kleiner of theChalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden. Hispresentation. titled "Review of activesystems in room acoustics and elecroacoustics," covered signal processing techniques for altering the sound field in rooms.In addition to these presentations, nineteen technical sessions devoted to active control were held during the Symposium.The hard-eover proceedings book contains the papers presented at the Symposium, and eachpaper averages morethan 10pagesin length. These full-length papersmake a valuable contribution to thestate of the technology in active controlof sound andvibration. TheProceedings is now available to those who were unable to attendACTIVE 95, may be obtainedby returning the order form below.ORDER FORMEnclosed is my check for US$ . Please send me__ copies of theProceedings of ACTIVE 95 at US$ 135.ISBN 0-931784-29-8. 1400 pages, hard cover. 210 mm x 276 mm. Shipped postpaid except for overseas orders shippedby air.SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR OVERSEAS ORDERS. Payment must be made in U.S. funds, either through a U.S.bank or through a bank which has a correspondent relationship in the United States. Overseas orders must add an extraUS$ 50 if shipment overseasis to be by air mail.Name_Address_City Postal code State/Country _Please make checks payable to Noise Control Foundation and mail to:Noise Control Foundation, P.O. Box 2469 Arlington Branch, Poughkeepsie, NY 12603, USA.

The INTER-NOISE 95 Proceedings are Available/'NWJ"'!f' O!INTER-NOISE 95The 19951ntem8tion81 congressonNol.. control Eng l_ ringINTER-NOISE 95, the 1995 International Congress on Noise Control Engineering,washeldinNewport Beach, California on 1995 July 10-12. Morethan 700engineersattended the three-day Congress which had as its theme Applications of NoiseControl Engineering. Theemphasis was on applications, practicaltechniques for thecontrol of noise in many different areas, including surface and air transportation,noise control in the community, noise control in the design stage of machinery, andstandards and regulations for noise control.Three Distinguished Lecturers addressed the theme of the Congress. Dr. MasaruKoyasu of the Acoustical Engineering Laboratory in Japan gave a comprehensiveaccount of applications of noise control engineering in Japan. He described -thehistory of noise legislation inJapanand then covered a number of key areas in whichnoise control engineering has been applied. These include transportation noise(including road, rail and air transportation), construction equipment noise, noiseinside buildings, and machinery noise control. Professor Jiri Tichy of ThePennsylvania State University presented the second. His lecture, "Applications foractive control of sound and vibration," was a combination of past applications foractive control and a summary of the main results presented at the ACTIVE 951....- ....... Symposium which immediately preceded INTER-NOISE 95.The third plenary lecture was presented by Robert D. Bruce of Collaboration inScience and Technology, Inc. in Houston, Texas, USA. He discussed the progress that has been made in control of noise inthe workplace since the 1930s. He reviewed the relationship between noise and hearing loss, the use of hearing protection,the role of measurements and theirimportance in the progress which has been made, and gave examples of noise control inthe workplace.In addition to the three distinguished lectures, fifty technical sessions were heldduring thecongress. Three hundredand twenty four papers were presented at the meeting and appear in the Congress Proceedings.The two-volume set of INTER-NOISE 95 Congress Proceedings contains more than 1500 pages, is now availableto those who were unable to attend the Congress. TheProceedings of INTER-NOISE 95 will be of interest to engineers inindustry, consultants, researchers, and all individuals concerned with community noise control, noise control in industry, airandsurface transportation noisecontrol, andanalytical methods for the solution of noise control problems. Withthenewlargesize format (210 mm x 276 mm), the papers contain more technical information per page than has beenpossible at previousINTER-NOISE Congresses.ORDER FORMEnclosed is my check for US$ . Please send me__ copies of the two-volume set of INTER-NOISE 95Proceedings at US$ 150for the set of two volumes. Vol. 1,xxxii + pages 1-716, Vol 2, xxiv + pages 717-1448. ISBN0­931784-32-8 (Set of 2 volumes). Sold only as a set of two volumes. Shipped postpaid exceptfor overseasorders shippedby air.SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR OVERSEAS ORDERS. Payment must be made in U.S. funds, either through a U.S.bank or through a bank which has a correspondent relationship in the UnitedStates. Overseas orders must add an extraUS$ SS if shipment overseas is to be by air mail.NameAddress__City Postalcode State!Country _Please make checks payable to Noise Control Foundation and mail to:Noise Control Foundation, P.O. Box 2469 Arlington Branch, Poughkeepsie, NY 12603, USA.

FeatureThe INTER-NOISE 96 ProgramThe 1996 INTERNATIONALCONFERENCE ON NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERINGLiverpool, UK1996 July 30 • August 2Dear friendsOn behalf of the Board of Directors of International INCE, thesponsoring body, the UK Institute of Acoustics - the host society, theorganizing committee of INTER-NOISE 96 and not least the citizensof Liverpool, I am delighted to extend to you the warmest invitationto join in celebrating the 25th Anniversary of the INTER-NOISECongress series.Liverpoolis a city with a fascinatinghistory,a unique atmosphere, andan exciting future. The Congress venue has a special place in the historyof the New World; the Britannia Adelphi hotel was for many Europeanemigrants the hotel they stayed at before making their way to cross theAtlantic.On the basis of the number of abstracts submitted, nearly 900 from more than 45 countries,INTER-NOISE 96 looks like it will break all previous records . Although this points to a very intensivethree and a half days, all efforts are being made to ensure that delegates have opportunities to enjoythe social programme that is being arranged. Also the citizensof Liverpool are looking forward to acting as hosts to what thecivic authorities see as a very important event in their calendar;there is a determination to ensure that in true, almost unique,Liverpool fashion , every delegate and accompanying nondelegatefeels particularly welcome.I look forward to seeing you all in Liverpool.Bernard F. BerryGeneral Chairman of INTER-NOISE 96General InformationThe 1996 International Congress on Noise ControlEngineering, will be held at the Adelphi BritanniaHotel, Liverpool, UK from Tuesday 1996 July 30 toFriday, 1996 August 02.INTER-NOISE 96, is the twenty-fifth in a seriesof annual congresses on noise control engineeringwhich have been held around the world since 1972.The Congress is sponsored by the International Instituteof Noise Control Engineering, and is beingorganized by the Institute of Acoustics of the UnitedKingdom. The theme of the Congress is Noise Con-trol - the Next 25 years: Scientists, Engineers andLegislators in Partnership. Three plenary keynotepapers will be presented at INTER-NOISE 96: AQuarter Century of Noise Control - a HistoricalPerspective, by Professor w.w. Lang, USA, AcousticalPrediction by Professor P.A. Nelson, UK, andProspects for Green Noise Control by Professor K.Attenborough, UK.850 abstracts from authors in 45 countries havebeen accepted for inclusion in the 10 parallel sessionsof formal presentations or poster sessions.Special technical sessions have been organized1996 MarchNoiselNews International 23

y distinguished acousticians from around the worldas follows:• Barriersfor Noise Control, D.e. Hothersall, UK& e. Menge, USA• Railway Noise, 1.G. Walker, UK & e. Hanson,USA• DerivingGreater Valuefrom Noise AnnoyanceSurveys Through International Co-operation,R.G. De Jong, The Netherlands & J.M. Fields,USA• Sound Quality, R. Bisping, Germany & P.Davies, USA• Non-auditory Health Effects of Noise, S. Bly,Canada, S. Stansfield, UK & L. Finegold, USA• Vibroacoustics: The Limits of Predictability,F.I. Fahy, UK & R.I. Bernhard, USA• Military AircraftNoise and NATO CCMS, R.I.Weston, UK and e. Svane, Denmark• Subjective Evaluation of EnvironmentalNoise, H. Fastl, Germany & S. Kuwano, Japan• Education in Acoustics, T. Kihlman, Sweden &S. Kurra, Turkey• European Noise Issues, e.G. Grimwood, UK &V. Inner, EC• Methods for Predicting Noise Outdoors, K.Attenborough, UK & G. Daigle, Canada• Sound Insulation,T.E. Vigran, Norway & AC.e.Warnock, Canada• Human Response to Vibration, M. Griffin, UK& M. Maeda, Japan• Windfarm Noise, M. Legerton, UK• Structure-Borne Noise and its Sources, B.Gibbs, UK, T. Ten Wolde, Netherlands, & ANikiforov, Russia• Construction Site Noise, D. Towers, USA• Applications of Sound Intensity in BuildingAcoustics, H. Tachibana, Japan & R. Guy, Canada• Acoustic ImagingofNoise Sources, P.Wagstaff,France & S. Glegg, USA• StatisticalEnergy Analysis, B. Mace, New Zealand• Exterior Motor Noise, U. Sandberg, Sweden• Active Sound Control, J. Tichy, USA & N. Doelman,The Netherlands• Active Control of Vibration, e. Fuller, USA &M.I. Brennan, UK• Active Control of Structurally-RadiatedSound, C.R. Fuller, USA & M.I. Brennan, UK• Algorithmsand Signal Processing,D. Swanson,USA, S. Sommerfeld, USA & H. Hamada, Japan• Industrial Noise Control, S.e. Bennett, UK, R.I.Peters, UK & J. Cowling, USA• Applications of Active Control, H.G. Leventhall,UK• New Techniques in Instrumentation, G. Wong,Canada & P. Briiel, Denmark• Structural Intensity G. Pavic, France & S.Hayek, USA• Entertainment and Leisure Noise, W.J.Cavanaugh, USA & 1. Griffiths, UK• Sound Intensity, G. Rasmussen, Denmark• Blast Noise Propagation and Assessment, G.Kerry, UK & P. Schomer, USA• Interior Aircraft Noise, K.P. Shepherd, USA• Aircraft Noise, K. Liasje, Norway & A Marsh,USA• Airport Noise, G. Bekebrede, Netherlands & I.Yamada, Japan• Changes in Noise Levels and AnnoyanceAround Airports, M. Vallet, France, S. Fidell,USA & J. Kastka, Germany• Developments in Standards and Regulationsfor Environmental Noise, P. Dickinson, NewZealand & P. Schomer, USA• Road Traffic Noise, G. Watts, UK & M. Burgess,Australia• Occupational Noise, H. Lester, UK• Noise and Sleep, K. Pearsons, USA & B. Griefahn,Germany• Standards for Machinery Noise, R.E Higginson,UK & H.G. Jonasson, Sweden• Measurement and Subjective Effects of CommunityNoise, B. Schulte-Fortkamp, Germany• Assessment of Tonal Noise, A McKenzieCongress VenueThe congress will be held in the elegant and spacioussurroundings of the Britannia Adelphi Hotel, situatedin the city center approximately one mile inlandfrom the river front and within a short walk of themail line railway terminus, most of the conferencehotels and St George's Hall where the CongressBanquet will take place. The hotel originally datesfrom 1912, its existence derived from the importanceof Liverpool as the major European tradingand emigration port on the Atlantic seaboard. Afterextensive refurbishment, the Edwardian elegancehas been maintained and blended with a number offeatures expected today; a Health Club has beenadded incorporating a gym, sauna, solarium and24NoiselNews International1996 March

swimming pool. On the historic waterfront of theCity of Liverpool, where the River Mersey flowsinto the Irish Sea, the Albert Dock complex has beencompletely redeveloped as a commercial and culturalcenter and presents an interesting insight intothe history of the area. With museum, art galleries,cathedrals, theaters, gardens, golf courses andEurope's oldest Chinese quarter, the city has a lot tooffer the visitor. To many the special place this cityof less than halfa million population holds in Britishfolklore is attributed to the unique mix of inhabitantswith Scottish, Welsh, Irish, Chinese and, of course,English origins. Indeed, what other reason couldaccount for the fact that such a small city gave riseto the Beatles and so much else around the sametime. Frequent international travellers who are alreadyfamiliar with the south of England mightappreciate an opportunity to sample the legendaryfriendliness of the city's people; a guidebook maybe available to translate the local accent and idiominto the more widely encountered form of the Englishlanguage.How to Reach LiverpoolAirLiverpool has a regional airport with connections toLondon. Forty miles from Liverpool and convenientlyserved by a one-hour direct train journey, isManchester International Airport with services tomany countries. British Airways has been appointedthe official air carrier from the congress and speciallydiscounted fares are available. Delegatesshould phone their local British Airways office fordetails and quote the reference CIC* 115/35 (pleasenote, this offer is only valid when booking directwith a British Airways office).RailThe Congress venue is a few minutes walk fromLime Street Station, an important terminus on theInter-City rail network which connects with allparts of the UK and hence Europe via the ChannelTunnel; the journey time from London by train istwo hours forty minutes and there are presentlyfifteen trains per day offering for the most part anhourly service.RoadThe city has excellent motorway connections; thejourney time from London is less than four hours andfrom Manchester 45 minutes. North Wales, the LakeDistrict, the Yorkshire Moors and the Peak DistrictNational Parks are all within a comfortable twohours drive.Hotels and Other AccommodationsBlocks of rooms have been booked in several hotelsin Liverpool and also in student halls of residence.Details of the different grades and prices are givenon page 37.Technical VisitsVisits are planned to the Pilkington Float Glass Plantat St Helens some twelve miles from Liverpool, theUniversity of Liverpool Acoustics Laboratory, thenew Liverpool Institute for Performing Arts, thenoise control facility at Manchester Airport and tothe new Manchester Concert Hall.Social ProgramFollowing registration at the Congress on Tuesday,July 30, there will be a city orientation tour by busfor delegates and accompanying persons. This willinclude visits to the Anglican and Roman CatholicCathedrals where short organ recitals have beenarranged. The tour will end at the Royal PhilharmonicHall where the Opening Ceremony and thefirst keynote lecture by Professor Lang will takeplace.Following the Opening Ceremony, delegates andaccompanying persons will travel by buses to theMerseyside Maritime Museum within the newlyrenovatedAlbert dock complex where there will bea reception. From there, delegates will have theopportunity to visit the Beatles Story Experience ­an exhibition within the same complex, to take a lateevening cruise on the river with a buffet supper,enjoy a special banquet with a Chinese cabaret anddragon dance, or spend the rest of the evening at theNew Cavern Club in the city center.The river trip and the Beatles Story Experienceare also being offered on Wednesday evening inaddition to a Jacobean Banquet at Bowdon in Chesire,a twenty-mile coach ride away.On Thursday, August 01, the Congress Banquetwill take place in the spectacular and historic StGeorge's Hall where there will also be a reception;a short recital on that hall's magnificent organ is alsoplanned.At the end of the Congress, delegates and accompanyingpersons will be invited to a Closing Receptionhosted by the organizers of the 1997INTER-NOISE Congress to be held in Budapest.In addition to the above, daytime tours areplanned for the historic city of Chester which istwenty miles to the south, the wildlife preserve atMartin Mere - a shorter distance to the north ofLiverpool, to the Walker and Lady Lever Art Galleries,the Museum of Liverpool Life and to statelyhomes at Dunham Massey and Erddig. Some ac-1996 MarchNoiselNews International 25

companying persons may also wish to enjoy theBeatles Magical Mystery Tour.Delegate and AccompanyingPersons RegistrationAs is customary for INTER-NOISE Congresses, itis required that one full delegate fee be paid for eachtechnical paper included in the program. This feemust be submitted by 1996 April 15 as must thecompleted manuscript. Papers submitted withoutthe registration fee will not be printed in the CongressProceedings and will not be included in theTechnical program. The Registration Desk will beopen from 12.00 until 21.00 on Tuesday 30 July andfrom 08.00 until the close of technical sessions oneach of the other days.The registration fee for delegates, if received priorto 1996June01,isGBP3oo.ooplusGBP 52.50 ValueAdded Tax (this is a national tax that has to be appliedirrespective of the nationality of the delegate). Fordelegates who register after this date, the fee is GBP340.00 plus GBP 59.50ValueAdded Tax.The delegatefee covers a set of Congress Proceedings together witha book of summaries, participation in the technicalprogram, attendance at the opening and closing ceremonies,morning and afternoon tea or coffee during theCongress and the reception at the Merseyside MaritimeMuseum. Please note that for this Congress thefee also includes lunch on Wednesday, Thursday andFriday.The registration fee for accompanying persons isGBP 30.00 plus GBP 5.25 Value Added Tax; thiscovers attendance at the opening and closing ceremonies,the city orientation tour and the reception atthe Merseyside Maritime Museum. Lunch ticketsmay be purchased at the Congress as required.Registered delegates and accompanying personsmay attend the Congress banquet at the cost for GBP36.00 plus GBP 6.30 Value Added Tax and can alsoregister for the social program and pre-congresstours using the booking form attached. Please notethat payment may be made by sterling cheque or bycredit card (Visa, Delta, Switch, MasterCard andEurocard are accepted).Pre-Congress ToursFor those who may wish to add on a few extra daysto their visit to the UK, four pre-congress theme toursare being arranged which will offer delegates theopportunity to sample more of English life outsidethe metropolis. The tours, which are being arrangedin collaboration with a respected tour organizer, commencefrom a hotel near London Heathrow Airporton the morning of Saturday, July 27 and finish at theBritanniaAdelphi hotel at 13.00 hours on the first dayof the Congress, Tuesday, July 30.The first tour is the English Heritage Tour visitinga number of the stately homes of the country includingBlenheim Palace and Chatsworth House. Thesecond is the Industrial Heritage Tour, and isplanned to include as many as feasible from a listthat includes the Kew Engine Museum, IronbridgeGorge - the cradle of the industrial revolution, thePotteries Museum, the various Museums at York,Styal (an international award winning exhibition ofthe cotton trade) and the Manchester Exhibition ofCommerce and Industry.The third in the series is the Railway Tour. Asmany as possible of the following attractions will beincluded depending, for example, upon the days thatengines are in steam: the Kew Engine Museum,Didcot sheds, the Severn Valley Railway, the internationallyfamous York Railway Museum (togetherwith the Yorvik and Castle Museums there) and theManchester Exhibition of Commerce and Industry.The final tour is the GolfTourin which it is hopedto offer enthusiasts (usually with a certain maximumhandicap) an opportunity to playa round on severalof the many local courses which include the ThreeRoyals, The Royal Liverpool, the Royal Birkdaleand the Royal Lytham St Annes golf clubs - allchampionship courses.For those who will be in London on Friday, July26, a visit to the Channel Tunnel Visitor Center inFolkestone, Kent is planned and this will include ajourney through the tunnel to France.INTER-NOISE 96 AbstractsThe following abstracts have been accepted for inclusionin the Formal or Poster Sessions of theCongress program.26NoiseINews International1996 March

GeneralAcoustic engineering in the automotive industry: requirementsfor education of engineers in acoustics • Education inacoustics -demand and supply • Education in environmentand noise control. Educational problems in acoustics implementedin architecture and environmental planning. In residenceand distance education in noise control. Noise controleducation at Purdue University.• Practical education tochange attitudes to noise • Teaching software package forapplied acoustics. The ISVR undergraduate and Master ofScience programs in acousticsEmission: NoiseSourcesA comparison of prediction methods for valve noise withexperimental results • A new approach to wind turbine noisemeasurement. A new vehicle noise measuring method replacingthe ISO 362 principle. A reduction of vehicle pass-bynoise by experimental approach. A simple test rig for illustratingfan noise characteristics • A theoretical and experimentalstudy of the intake noise of a passenger car. Acousticstudies of a 2.2 kW variable speed induction motor. Acousticalinteraction of a thin plate with flowing fluid. Advancedsubsonic aircraft engine noise reduction research • Aeroacousticresearch applied to TVG. Aeroacoustic sounds radiatingfrom a windbreak cover on a car roof Air conditioningnoise sources identification using acoustical holography •Aircraft turbofan broadband noise prediction. Airport noise- the Hong Kong perspective. Alternative textures for concreteroads: a comparison of vehicle noise emission levels forrecently constructed road surfaces • An empirical model forthe in-flight noise directivity of an FI6-C • An investigationof blade swish from wind turbines. Analysis of the effects oftime harmonics on the radiated sound power of variable speedinduction motors. Auto racing noise • Case studies of bodynoise from a rigid and an articulated tipper lorry. Combustionnoise from diesel engines -aspects on the importance ofavoiding suboptimization of environmental factors. Communitynoise around airports. The influence offuture noise trendsincluding chapter 2 phaseout. Composition of characteristicvehicle interior sound development process with respect tothe power train • Contribution of changes in flux densityharmonics to noise emissions of the asynchronous electricalmachines. Contribution of the brush commutator system tonoise emissions of series FHP motors • Countermeasure fornoise and vibration reduction of high-speed vehicle equippedwith resilient wheels. Designing high speed railway systems:noise challenges. Development and testingof wheels and truckcomponents for reduced rolling noise from freight trains •Development of procedures for predicting ground noise fromHeathrow Terminal 5 • Dutch noise reduction program forfreight railway vehicles: localization of important sources •Dynamics of cylindrical shells in contact with subsonic flow •Effect of track bending waves on generating ground vibrationsby high speed trains. Effect of tire noise limits on traffic noise• Evaluation of noise emissions of cars based on loudness.Exterior noise reduction of trucks. FAI proposal for noiseevaluation of smaller airports • Final results of a nationalround robin test determining the sound power level of machines/equipment.Flow-induced noise and vibration of highspeedvehicles. Frictional noise in sliding contact of aluminaceramics. Ground-borne noise and vibration from railways:the pitfalls. Groundborne noise from new railway tunnels.Impulse noise measurements in a forest during summer andwinter conditions - overview of measurements • Indices ofthe acoustic assessment of machines. Industrial noise sources-methods of measurement and estimation. Interpretation ofair-to-air flyby noise measurements on a piston-poweredaeroplane. Investigation in the interrelation between stationarynoise emission and running noise emission from roadvehicles. Isolation of tire/pavement noise in motor vehiclepassby noise measurements using sound intensity. Issues ofminimization of noise in machines treated as multi-sourcesystems • Measurement of infrasound from wind turbines •Mechanism of whistle-like tone of the control valve. Militaryairports noise load reduction in Czech Republic. Modelingand measurement of sound intensity of jet screech. Noiseand vibration control in micro-electronic facilities • Noisecontrol of in-use vehicles - new Norwegian legislation. Noiseemission of a 250 mW coal gasification plant for electricitygeneration. Noise emission of constructions for bridge-toroadcrossings. Noise generation by a suction unit at differentoperating conditions. Noise of automobile alternator. Noiseproblems of an aircraft factory airport. Noise reduction ofmixer-ejector nozzle. Noise source localization in an hydraulicaggregate by using the sound intensity method. Objectiveevaluation of interior noise in running vehicles. Opening ofa new runway at Kingford Smith Airport, Sydney, Australia-acoustical impact • Pneumatic sound generator with frequency-independentcontrol of directivity characteristic •Public reactions to changes in noise levels around Sydneyairport. Reduction of microphonic phenomenon in cathoderay tube by finite element analysis and design of experiment• Reduction of noise and vibration from bearing loaded shaftsin photocopiers • Roller coaster noise .Second generationSST: Noise characteristics and operational noise performance• Simulation of wayside time-dependent noise level onShinkansen and analysis of noise sources for their contributionto the noise level. Small slender pieces attached at theend of a nozzle for decreasing the low-velocity jet noise.Sound pressure level evaluation from toilet flushes. Soundtransmission through a gearbox: study and modeling of theinternal acoustic sources. Sources of aerodynamic noise fromwind turbines • Standings and results of the research onaircraft noise - longitudinal study at DUsseldorf Airport 1987- 1995. Status of vehicular noise control in Taiwan. Studyof sound quality improvement for car audio system. Studyon the reduction of Karman-vortex induced sound using quietflow wind tunnel. Study on the reduction of rotating noiseemitted from centrifugal fan. Survey of environmental noiseand vibration from London Underground trains. Technicalimplications of the new French regulations in the field oftraffic noise. The change in traffic noise levels following theinstallation of speed control cushions and road humps • Thecurrent theory - methods for inner acoustics of machines. Theeffective use of noise prediction in the design process. Theinfluence of facade effects on road traffic noise levels. Theinfluence of the unsymmetric alternator fan blade-spacing tothe total sound pressure level and spectra of aerodynamicnoise • The United Kingdom calculation of railway noisemethodology - a partial validation of the input data andalgorithms. The use of SEL in the prediction of motor racingnoise impact. Theoretical and experimental comparisons ofsound visualization methods for moving noise sources. Turbulentairflow noise production and propagation patterns of asubsonic jet impinging on a flat plate. Vehicle noise emissionat low speed. Wall porosity effects on wave propagation incatalytic converter elementsPhysical PhenomenaA computational model for long range propagation of bulletnoise • A fast boundary element method for propagationabove an inhomogeneous impedance boundary. A model for1996 MarchNoiselNews International 27

the prediction of road traffic noise propagation over ground.A new fast parabolic equation (PE) based on a Lagrange Pade(LP) expansion of the implicit functions for 2D sound propagation• A new method for prediction of the acoustical footprint(SAF) using a meteorological database • A newvariational formulation of 3-D acoustic radiation in non-uniformflow medium. Acoustic ground impedance assessment• Acoustic location and sizing of in duct obstructions •Acoustic scattering from a submerged finite cylindrical shellwith two endplates • Acoustic wave propagation in a ductcontaining a shear flow and a line source. Acoustical characterizationof a nature protection area and its surroundings.Acoustical pressure generated by airflow over a complexcavity: identification of phenomena connected with highestpressure levels. An experimental and computational investigationof the noise generated by a simple in duct flow spoiler• An overview of the long range impulse sound propagationmeasurements made in Norway. Boundary element analysisof problems of acoustic propagation and radiation in viscothermalfluid. Comments on ISO-9613-2 • Coupling ofacoustic and entropic waves in the Rijke tube. Derivation offour-pole parameters for including higher-mode effects forelliptical expansion chamber with mean flow. Developmentsin the FFP method for outdoor sound prediction. Effect oftensile forces on the acoustic emissions • Existence of twolongitudinal guided waves in a fluid-filled cylindrical ductwith vibrating walls • Experimental deduction of effectiveimpedance for rough surfaces. Forest soundings: interpretationsof pressure waveforms of explosions at distances of upto 20 krn • Identification and analysis of noise propagated byducts • Influence of propagating effects on the acousticalclassification of road pavements • Long time continuousmeasurement of long range noise propagation over sea •Meteorological measurements during Norwegian trials •Models and measurements of sound propagation from a pointsource over mixed impedance ground. New analytical expressionsfor predicting outdoor sound propagation over acomplex terrain • Noise from road tunnel openings - anengineering approach. Noise propagation tests using an impulsenoise source • On the advantage of relational datastructures and client/server applications for shooting noisedata using ODBC, SQL and OLE standards. On the aerodynamicnoise structure of the fluid-flow machine • On thesound pressure for a quadrupole above an impedance ground• Predicting low-level acoustic pulse amplitudes in an atmospheresupporting wind and temperature gradients • Reflectionsconcerning the non-unicity of the spatial decay curve ofsound level in workshops • Scale modeling of the noisepropagation in an underground station. Short reverberationtime measurement by using real-time analyzer. Snow covereffects on impulsive noise propagation. Some analyses ofnoise reduction by long-range propagation over sea withmeterological data. Sound wave propagation in real atmosphere• The influence of receiver height on sound levels fromsound sources in large distances • The mechanism of lowfrequency absorption of a reverberation chamber. The reflectionand radiation of sound from duct openings in HVACsystems. The study of combining a passive control with anadaptively active control on the acoustic transmission througha duct. Time domain analysis of the acoustic and vibrationsignal of reciprocating refrigeration compressors • Understandingthe fast field program. Use of the PE method forpredicting noise outdoor. Using a database towards theresearch for new indicators characterizing the acoustical performanceof workroomsNoiseControl ElementsA basic study on acoustic properties of double-leaf membranes• A BEM-Based optimization for noise control inenclosures • A comparison of calculative models for theprediction of the intrinsic acoustic properties of loose gravel• A fast adaptive feedback-controller for active noise control• A genetic algorithm for the simultaneous optimization of thesensor and actuator positions for an active noise and/or vibrationcontrol system.• A low cost active noise controller. Amethod for predicting the sound absorption of perforatedfacings with back cavity. A multi-channel fuzzy LMS algorithmfor active noise control. A new generation of ANCheadsets. A new multi-degree-of-freedom active vibrationabsorber. A new type of dust resistant silencers. A new, costefficient method for the measurement of sound barrier insertionloss. A noise and vibration protection by mixed polymerwaste. A posteriori auralization of the effect of noise barriers• A study of online plant modelling methods for active controlof sound and vibration • A study of vehicle interior noisereduction with new fiber molded insulator. A study on activenoise control inside an automobile cabin. A study on resonatortype mufflers • A virtual microphone arrangement in apractical active headrest. Acoustic characterization of gravelbeds. Acoustic performances calculation of dissipative mufflerswith non-isothermal shear flow using the wave envelopemethod. Acoustic radiation of multilayered structures submittedto impact noise. Acoustical and aerodynamic characteristicsof end plate materials for two-dimensional models inlow noise wind tunnel experiments. Acoustical performanceof noise barriers on rail transit systems • Active acousticpowercontrol of elevator noise caused by ventilator. Activeattenuation of noise transmission through elastic partitionswith high modal densities. Active boundary control of enclosedsound fields. Active constrained layer damping oncylindrical shells. Active control of aeroacoustic couplingsby means of adaptive systems. Active control of broadbandrandom noise in rectangular enclosures. Active control ofharmonic sound radiated from ducts • Active control ofhelicopterrotor tones. Active control of high frequency noise• Active control of outdoor sound systems. Active controlof radiated sound power from a rectangular baffled panel •Active control of sound transmission through a double-glazingwindow • Active control of the noise radiated by anengine enclosure. Active noise attenuation as a route to quietduct systems without using fibrous materials. Active noisecontrol of road booming noise with constant multiple filtered­X LMS algorithm. Active noise control of self-excited tonenoise from an impinging air jet by means of shear layerexcitation • Active systems controlling the surface normalimpedance for sound absorption. Active tonal noise cancellerwith frequency tracking • Active vibration control of theacoustic radiation of a honeycomb flat panel. Active wallimpedance control in a cavity. Adaptive algorithm for monopolesystem. Advanced passive noise control of truck tires• Airborne sound insulation of exterior framework walls. Anefficient boundary element method for noise propagationfrom cuttings • An evaluation method of sound insulationcharacteristics of a plate using small area test material andtransfer function analysis. An examination of the performanceof simple barrier attenuation models in the presence ofwind and turbulence. An experimental study on the activecontrol of the motion of a model ship cabin. An improvedmodel to describe amplitude and phase behavior of actuators• An in situ sound intensity technique for determining soundtransmission through noise barriers. Analysis of the acousticperformance of reciprocating compressor mufflers with28NoiselNews International1996March

sound intensity. Applicability of active noise control systemsas countermeasure against road noise. Application and casehistories of active silencers in HVAC systems.• Applicationoffast adaptive IIR filter algorithms for active noise controlin a kitchen hood. Application of sound intensity andstructural intensity to study acoustical transmission throughwindows • Attenuation of blade-passing excitation in centrifugalcompressors. Barriers for railway noise: measurementsof noise reduction. Basic study for development of alow-noise fan using active noise cancellation. Behavior ofacoustical plates made of expanded perlite in moist environments• Behavior of acoustical plates made of expandedperlite in moist environments • Brazilian material in noisecontrol enclosures. Broadband adaptive feedback controllerfor active headsets. Calculation of additional dimensions ofnoise barriers with insufficient noise reduction. Comparisonof simple prediction methods for noise reduction by doublebarriers. Comparison sound characteristics of panel absorberused in duct noise reduction at low frequency. Control designof the active ear defenders. Development of a new acousticinterlayer for laminated glass by the mean of double glazingmodelization • Earth-moving machine cab enclosed soundfield active control simulation. Effect ofjoist length on soundtransmission through wood joist floors. Effect of manufacturingprocess on the acoustics of open cell polyurethanefoams • Effect of permeability on acoustic properties ofdouble-leaf membranes • Effect of the difference betweenerror path C and its estimate C for active noise control usingfiltered-x LMS algorithm. Effective noise reduction withhybrid silencers • Efficiency of highway noise barriers •Environmental and transduction effects on closed-loop stabilityin active hearing protectors. Evaluation of active hearingprotectors with high level impulse noise • Evaluation ofmaterials for sound transmission loss. Experimental analysisand numerical of dissipative silencers • Experiments withadaptive active control of structural vibration by minimizationof total supplied power. Fast deconvolution of multi-channelsystems using regularization. Flanking transmission betweentwo leaves of a double wall. Full scale tests on the design ofrailway noise barriers • High transmission loss design ofhoneycomb sandwich panels. How multiple reflections cancause a degradation of performance for noise barriers. Identificationof absorption coefficients using a combined numerical-experimentaltechnique • Improving sound insulationwith lighter layered walls. In-car noise reduction for newlydeveloped home elevator. Industrial applications of activecontrol of pulsed flow. Industrial noise control in the transmissionpath: a real case. Influence of the pore size distributionon sound absorption of rubber granulates •Intercomparison of laboratory measurements of airbornesound insulation of partitions. Investigation of pulse propagationthrough slits in a wide barrier. Linear filter theory andcausality constraints for active control in ducts • Low frequencynoise -approaches and designs for combustion turbines• Mathematical model of the acoustical absorptionbehavior of the open cell polyurethane foams and comparisonwith experimental results. Measurement of sound insulationby ISO 9614-1 using a robot and ISO 140/J-1II • Measurementof the sound insertion loss of ventilation louvers •Measurement of the sound pressure levels of level dependentmuffs with the ISO acoustic test fixture • Measuring theacoustical input signal of exhaust systems for internal combustionengines. Modelling I-D aeroacoustic sources. Modellingthe structural/acoustic coupling of an aircraft fuselagefor optimizing an active noise control system. New conceptof close fitting acoustical enclosure with active vibrationcontrol. Noise barriers with reactive surfaces. Noise cancellationin three-dimensional propagation. Noise cancellationusing a multi-source adaptive active control mechanism• Noise control by enclosures -information on the state-of-theartin technical guidelines and standards. Noise control inresonant sound fields using active absorbers. Noise controlof some pyrotechnic devices. Noise reduction characteristicsof porous elastic road surface. Noise reduction in suburbs bysequential location of typical road and passage elements ofdefinite noise reduction capacities. Noise reduction of multipleedge noise barrier. Noise retention using inlet and exittreatment to an expanded-metal press - a case study. Noisesource identification and control of a cable belt conveyorsystem • Noise, the customer and multi-unit dwellings •Non-destructive quality control of plastic foams using aircoupledultrasonic transducers. On the arrangement of secondarysources and error sensors for active noise barrier. Onthe measurement of the sound absorption of non-flat barriers• On the relevance of transparency of railway anti-noisebarriers for passenger comfort. Optimal placement of secondarysources and error microphones for active noise controlin a straight wave guide. Optimal placement of secondarysources for active noise control using a genetic algorithm.Optimization of sound insulation at low frequencies. Optimizationof an active noise control system using sphericalharmonics expansion of the primary field • Performanceenhanced of structural/acoustic active control systems viaacoustic error signal decomposition. Piezoelectric actuatorconfiguration optimization for active structural acoustic controlin aircraft. Power optimal control of sound transmissionthrough plate by use of piezoelectric elements • Practicalconsequences to be observed when shielding aircraft noise ofground test runups • Quest for quiet floor and wall systems.Railway noise propagation control -an investigation of re-radiatedsound from very low trackside barriers • Resonatordesign for thermoacoustic refrigerators. Recent advances inthe control and prediction of rifle noise. Reducing the exhaustand venting noise of a vacuum motor with minimum use ofsound absorbing foam. Robust vibration control of flexiblestructures by using piezoelectric devices. Short time methodsfor field measurement of sound insulation between rooms.Simultaneous broadband control of flexural and extensionalpower flow in beams using wave vector sensors • Singlenumber rating of enclosures. Sound field control by indefiniteMINT filters. Sound propagation over a barrier computedwith the parabolic equation method • Sound transmissioncontrol for plate by using modal filter. Sound transmissionthrough double plaster panels: influence of the assemblingsystem. Sound-vibration link analysis in a fuselage acousticcavity for active control specifics definition. Special treatmentsfor highway noise barriers. Squeal noise eliminationon railway wheels with ring. Temperature gradient effects onthe acoustic performance of catalytic converters. The acousticimpedance of perforated plates subjected to grazing flow• The acoustical numerical simulation and experimentalmeasurements of mufflers. The attenuation of noise of anelectric power plant: An active noise control technique. Thecombined effects of porous asphalt surfacing and barriers ontraffic noise. The comparison of evaluation methods of thesound insulation performance of windows. The design andapplication of low-cost cylindric functional absorber. Thedevelopment of a cost-effective sound absorbing material ­Akumat • The effect of finite length flexible segments onacoustic wave propagation in piping systems. The effects oftraffic calming on noise levels. The prediction of combinedeffect of road noise barrier and porous road surface by BEM1996MarchNoiselNews International 29

• The role of mass-spring-mass resonances in sound insulationabove coincidence frequencies • The transmission lossof cavity walls. The use of high performance noise barriersin the United Kingdom. Theory and practice in dust silencerdesign. Transmission loss of simple expansion chamber withmultiple inlet/multiple outlet ports. Tuned loudspeaker enclosuresfor active noise control • Use of adaptive filters inactive ear defenders. Use of coir as a sound absorbingcomposite materialVibration andShock: Generation,Transmission, Isolation and Reduction"Good Vibrations!" (Low Noise) raised pattern road marking;stretch of test road on the A28 motorway • A comparisonbetween wave propagation techniques and transient SEA forthe prediction of shock response in one-dimensional systems• A contribution to the study of human sensitivity to randomvibrations in cars with paired comparisons • A method forestimating vibrational power supplied by the exciting force ofa machine to its supporting structure • A new method ofdetermining vibration criteria for a precision equipment usingfrequency response function • A new procedure of estimationof dependence of the optimal isolating system for asitting human operator body on the form of criterion ofvibroisolation • A program to examine risk of injury fromexposure to hand-arm and whole-body vibration at work. Astudy of dynamics and modeling of a human body exposed tomultidimensional excitation • A study of the great Hanshinearthquake on human response to environmental vibrationdue to Shinkansen • A study on the structural response of alow-rise building induced by subway operations. A waveapproach to the SEA of a coupled rectangular plate systeminvolving a non-uniform boundary condition • Acousticpropagation in a semi-infinite cylinder treated with isotropichomogeneous porous material • Acoustic radiation of theplate excited by turbulent pressure and shear fluctuations.Acoustic radiation of the plate excited by turbulent pressureand shear fluctuations. Active suspension system for driversseat. Active vibration control of operator's seat for heavymachinery • An energetic mobility for structures assembling• An estimation of coupling loss factors using structuralintensity • An evaluation of polymer beads as a dampingtreatment for Titan IV avionics and instrumentation trusses.Analysis of structural intensity of complex structures by FEM• Analysis of vibroacoustics activity of electro-mechanicaldrive systems. Analytical/experimental study of vibration ofa room-sized airspring supported slab • Application of anelastic sandwich damping treatment at high temperature environment• Application of energy flow analysis (EFA) toreduce structure borne noise inside a passenger vehicle •Assembling of vibrating structures with a non-linear intermediatejunction. Automatic control of multiple tuned vibrationneutralizers • Bending wave intensity at high frequencies •Calculation of radiation efficiency of complex structures usingfinite and infinite elements • Characterization of structure-bornesound sources by classification and equivalence.Combined effect of hand-arm vibration and noise on temporaryhearing threshold shift. Comparison of the dynamics ofa vehicle seat measured using an anthropodynamic dummyand human subjects. Defects diagnosis in rotating machinery:vibroacoustic analysis. Development and application ofstructural intensity on composite panels. Double pendulumvibration isolation facility for the electrical control cubicle ofthe vertical cement mill • Effect of arm support on force at ahand-held joystick during exposure to vertical seat vibration• Elastic constants of polyurethane foam's skeleton for BlOTmodel. Energy flows in beam networks with compliantjoints• Energy method applied to structure-borne transfer in shipstructures • Estimating structure-borne sound in buildingsusing SEA - study of varying conditions of calculations andapplication to building construction. Estimation of exposureof dwellers to train induced ground vibration. Evaluation ofthe effect of damping treatment with consideration for thechanges in vibration mode shapes. Experience with communityresponse to groundborne vibration from constructionactivity when evaluated using building damage criteria, andthe need for annoyance based criteria • Experimental determinationof noise radiation efficiency of induction machines• Experimental study of hand-arm impedance Experimentalstudy on vibration reduction by isolated railway • Finiteelement simulation of a rotor system incorporating gyroscopiceffects. Flanking path effects in the active control ofstructural power transmission. Frequency weightings for theaversion of broiler birds to horizontal and vertical vibration.Ground response to propagating airblast e Groundborne noiseand vibration control in the United States: a state-of-the- artperspective • Hand-arm vibration protection - testing andevaluating gloves offered as antivibration gloves on the Polishmarket. Hand-transmitted vibration exposure in shipbuildingand ship repair. High transmission loss design of honeycombsandwich panels. Hypersensitivity of vibroacousticsbehavior of plate lattices. Impact noise control revisited.Improvements in experimental spatial power flow using ascanning laser doppler vibrometer • Indirect measurement ofvibrational energy flow by reciprocal methods. Influence ofthe precision of modal parameters in the active control offlexible structures. Interior noise reduction in a vehicle bysensitivity analysis of engine excitation forces • Issues inweighting functions for the assessment of exposed wholebodyvibration. Manchester Concert Hall: vibration isolation• Measurement and analysis of vibrations of a hand-held tool• Measurement and characterization of sources of structurebornesound • Measurement for reduction effect of the impactsound transmission of floor finishes using small sample •Measurement of vibration intensity in U-typed shell. Modellingand control of a vibro-acoustic system. Modelling ofplate vibration using mirror-source approach. On the fuzz ina structural fuzzy. On the relationship between frequencyspace-andensemble-averaged intensity measurements. Onthe vibration field correlation offlat plate structures. On-linemodelling of flexural dynamics of flexible manipulators.Optimizing the placement of a road between two vibrationsensitiveresearch buildings • Performance of viscoelasticcylinders inside helical springs as transmissibility attenuatorsof audible frequencies. Point mobility of a "semi infinite"beam with curvature. Power flow between a master structureand a weakly coupled light subsystem. Predictability of thevibroacoustic response of semi-complex structures. Predictingstructure-borne sound propagation in an infinite reinforcedplate structure using the power flow method •Prediction of structure-borne sound in built-up plate structures• Predictions of vibration transmission and stress concentrationin straight fluid-filled pipes with flanges •Protection from hand-arm vibration by the use of gloves:possibility or fraud. Resonance oscillations of infinite andfinite elastic structures with inclusions • Rotational degreesof freedom: an investigation of their influence on the predictionof the dynamic behavior of a coupled structure. Simplifiedcharacterization of structure-borne sound sources. Sixaxes of head motion during ambulation • Some commoncharacteristics of multi-point and component structure-bornesound source • Some limitation and examples of use of the30NoiselNews International1996 March

SEA method to calculate vibration of engineering structures• Sound radiation by layered elastic structures. Sound radiationfrom structures: the frequency averaged quadratic pressureapproach. Sound transmission through motor vehiclestructures using statistical energy analysis. Structural couplingat joints in motor vehicles. Structural intensity measurementsby using ultrasonic transducer array • Structureborne sound energy flow through vibration isolators. Structure-bornenoise from small fans - practical experience usinga proposed vibration test method • Surface mobility for auniform force over a rectangular contact area on an infiniteplane • The analysis of structural surface intensity usingwholefield laser speckle techniques. The application of finiteelement models to study the energy flow properties of structuraljunctions. The characterization of structure borne soundsources. The control of flexural power transmission in pipelinestructures • The current state and future tasks of predictiontechnique of environmental ground vibration caused bymany kinds of vibration sources. The imperfection of imagesource models of the forced response of finite plates Themeasurement of intensity of longitudinal and flexural wavesin uniform beams. The modulation transfer function methodfor estimation of SEA loss factors applied on two coupledplates. The use of polar mobilities for predicting the coupledresponse of machine mounting systems • The use of surfacepower for characterization of structureborne sound sources oflow modal density. Three conservatively or two non-conservativelycoupled subsystems: Is a dual interpretation possible?• Towards an analytical model of wave propagation insandwich beams • Transient vibration of light frame floorsPart iv • Trapping modes of oscillation in a channel with rigidsides and an inclusion in the form of rigid die • Trappingmodes of oscillation in an elastic system • Triaxial dopplervibrometer measurement of structural intensity on a shakerdrivenexternally fluid-loaded, ribbed shell.• Two applicationsof the pseudo-forces method for characterizing thesource strength for structure-borne sound. Uncertainty modellingfor the structural vibration control using H= controllers• Unsteady vibration of ship structure-borne sound sources.Vibration analysis of a forklift truck with a half-floated powertrain • Vibration control using colocated actuator/sensor.Vibration exposure and submarine construction • Vibrationexposure in the UK foundry industry. Vibration in hand-heldgrinders with particular reference to grinding wheel imbalance• Vibration induced noise in dwellings • Vibrationinfluence zone calculation using modified modal impactmethods. Vibration isolation characteristics of tractor seatsof Indian make and the design improvement • Vibrationisolation treatments for coordinate measuring machines •Vibration neutralizers for controlling pump noise. Vibrationreduction in flexible manipulators using filtered control inputs• Vibration responses and sound radiation of visco-elasticallydamped plates. Vibration-isolating assemblies based onstandard elements • Vibrational power flow at junctions ofpoint connected plates. Vibrational power techniques appliedto transient wave motion in beams. Vibratory study of thinisotropic rectangular plates with edges punctually restrained• Vibroacoustic analysis of a loudspeaker cone. Vibroacousticbehavior of complex and heterogeneous plates coupledwith a cavity and excited aerodynamically: case of largestructures • Vortex power flow actively induced in a thinrectangular plate. Wave propagation in swaged panelsImmission: Physical Aspectsof Environmental Noise24-hour measurements of noise levels in urban areas. A newmusic school in an existing building - increased sound insulationsolutions • A night noise quota system at BrusselsNational Airport. A research on preventing noise pollutionutilizing plant materials Ankara City parks. Acoustic designof a new paper board machine KM8 at stora BillerudSkoghallsverken • Acoustic intensity as a tool for assessingsound isolation and flanking transmission in lightweightbuilding constructions. Agricultural tractors noise reductionstrategies. Alternative measures to mitigate long-term constructionnoise • An emerging strategy of general aviationnoise reduction. An experimental study of the vibroacousticbehavior of a double wall structure • Annoyance and itssolution (an approach to eliminate tonal noise from a centrifugalfan) • Attenuation of noise entering buildings using quarter-waveresonators. Community response of environmentalnoise - an investigation based on 16 primary schools inTaichung, Taiwan • Construction site noise control for theairport railway project in Hong Kong • Controlling popconcert noise from Wembley Stadium. The local authorityexperience.• Corrugation growth on rails: evaluation of consequencesfor noise production. Developments in the controlof noise and vibration from construction sites in the UK •Effect of control for impact sound from the gymnasium floor• Effect of pre-load on the dynamic stiffness of impact insulationmaterials and on the predicted impact sound insulation• Effects of background noise on the 'wanted listening level'of 'sound media' in dwelling rooms. Effects of topographyand ground surface properties on airport noise: analysis ofmeasurements made at Narvik e Environmental noise impactanalysis in vehicle inspection stations. Environmental noiseprotection for high density living in Hong Kong. Experimentaldetermination of reverberation time for low frequencies inan impact sound laboratory. Experimental investigations ofenvironmental low-frequency noise. Geostatistical analysisof time series of short LAeq values • Gerano: geographicrailway noise system. Improving speech privacy in an openplan office In-situmeasurement of sound transmission loss ofmasonry constructions by acoustic intensimetry • Increasingof sound insulation of windows in existing buildings • Insulationof an elementary school against aircraft noise in Fresno,California. Investigation of community complaints in Budapest.Laboratory analysis of the airborne sound transmissionthrough a prefabricated structural glazing • Low frequencyairborne sound transmission in buildings: single plane walls• Low frequency wind noise and vibration. Measurement ofnoise emission values of big machines and calculation of noiselevels at work places. Measurements and ratings of environmentalnoise in Japan. Methodology for the classification ofnoisy roads and railways. Noise and vibration in buildingssituated near the underground and tram lines and highways:investigation and control. Noise Council code of practice onenvironmental noise control at concerts -case studies. Noiseemission from stadiums. Noise from underground railways- a 'state of the art' review. Noise generation by a suctionunit at different operating condition. Noise level data base asa guide for urban planning in the next 25 years (renovation ofthe Mahmoudiah Canal, Alexandria, Egypt) • Noise levelpredictions for a large, reciprocating IC engine in a broadcastingstudio center. Noise levels and communications on theflight decks of civil aircraft. Noise levels and noise reductionunder motorcyclist helmets • Noise levels around Lisbonairport. Noise measurements in windy conditions. Noisemitigation at London Heathrow Airport. Noise monitoringby local self-governing bodies around new Tokyo internationalairport. Noise pollution by road network method.Noise pollution in evening amusement areas. Noise pollution1996 MarchNoiselNews International 31

in hospitals in Saudi Arabia: a case study, King Rahd hospitalof the University, Al-Khobar • Noise reduction of a rollingpiston hermetic rotary compressor. Noise studies at threeairports in Turkey. Numerical simulation of laboratory soundinsulation determination experiments • Optimum conditionsearch for tangential flow fan integrated to an air conditioningsystem with a diffusing ceiling • Outdoor entertainment inHong Kong - a noise balancing act • Outline for a programtowards technology for an environmentally friendly aircraft.Population's reaction on road traffic noise: a field survey.Predicting impact sound insulation of wooden joist floors - anapplication of European models. Prediction, assessment andcontrol of construction site noise. Reduction of steam turbinevibration and noise by means of bearing layout modification• Relationships among various single-number indices forsound insulation of building walls. Research into the controlof motor sport noise. Review on noise abatement measuresat military training facilities in Germany. Scale modelling oftraffic noise propagation in a city street canyon • Someunusual entertainment noise problems • Sound insulationcharacteristics of multistory dwellings with RC suspendedslabs • Structure-borne insulation under different loading.Study of acoustical environment of a city. Temporal distributionsof outdoor noise levels in densely built-up areas.Testing of software for outdoor noise prediction. The city ofnoise. The efficiency of a new building construction designfor noise and vibration control • The impact of noise frompublic entertainments on local communities and the controlmeasures taken by a local authority. The noise environmentin two typical Portuguese industries in the framework of ECdirective 861188/CEE • Trends in traffic noise research over25 years. Urban noise survey for the City of Porto Alegre,Brazil. Valuation of noise consequence of civil constructionin Brazil. Vibration reduction index Kij, a new quantity forsound transmissions at junctions of building elementsImmission: Effectsof NoiseA comparative study of human response to blast noise andsonic booms • A laboratory study of physiological stress inhumans exposed to simulated military aircraft flyover noise• A method of strategic traffic noise impact analysis. A roadtraffic index for the night-time. A study of the noise ofSheffield supertram • Acoustic features in vehicle interiornoise quality. Acoustical and non-acoustical factors in noiseannoyance: an epidemiological assessment. Activity interferenceand noise annoyance: contradictory results and possibleinterpretations • Aircraft noise - flight operationalaspects. Aircraft noise and neuro-behavioral effects in childrenliving around Schiphol Airport, a feasibility study. Anacoustical comfort chart: a simple way of evaluating the noisedisturbance inside urban transport vehicles • An improvednoise criteria for areas of occupancy within buildings. Annoyanceafter change in airport noise environment. Annoyancecaused by impulse sounds produced by small,medium-large, and large firearms. Approaches to the studyof noise induced sleep disturbance • Assessment of noiseimpacts on threatened and endangered species. Audibility ­related means for assessing community response to noisefrom outdoor events. Characterization of complex transportationnoise with psychoacoustical parameters • Characterizationof the natural ambient sound environment •Classification of environmental noise by means of percentilelevels • Combined assessment of noise from shooting andtraining areas. Combined methods to investigate effects ofnoise exposure and subjective noise assessment. Communityreactions to noise and vibrations from railway traffic. Com-munity response to major changes in runway configuration,operating procedures and aircraft noise at Sydney Airport •Comparison of response to road traffic noise between detachedand apartment house residents - a survey in Sapporo,Japan. Comparison of the number of people affected by noisefrom different modes of transport. Control and managementof outdoor concert sound - a review of experience in NorthAmerica. Correlations between subjective and objectiveevaluations of refrigerator noise. Design of a field study onthe effects of railway noise and road traffic noise. Determiningacceptable limits for aviation noise. Development of anew ANSI standard for assessment of combined noise environments• Development of new methods of noise control forapplication ofEC directives. Direct loudness scaling of trafficnoise in natural settings. Disturbance of every day activitiesby noise. Does noise from low level flying training affecthealth. Does reducing aircraft noise at airports reduce noiseimpacts? • Effects of a belt of trees on road traffic noiseannoyance. Effects of adaptation to noise stimuli on auditoryevoked potentials. Elevated catecholamine levels in urine intraffic noise exposed subjects. Environmental assessment forthe relocation of the main road No. 43 • Evaluating sleepdisturbance: a review of methods. Fatiguing effects of occupationalnoise exposure. Fuzzy sets and screening diagram• Guideline for community noise in Korea. Heathrow Airport- evaluation of alternative runway operating strategies. 1­INCE Information document on community noise. Introductionto experience with efforts to standardize (parts of) socialnoise surveys. Introduction to experiences with internationalco-operation: reconciliation of different approaches Introductionto the need of standardization by a user of research results• Introduction to the TNO data archive. Judged loudness ofmoving sound sources. Loudness and sharpness as determinantsof noise similarity and preference. Loudness of weaponimpulsive noise and dynamic characteristics of hearing • Lowflying military aircraft noise and human health - a tri-nationalstudy of the feasibility of epidemiological research: phase II• Making sound quality audible • Maximum noise levels inroad traffic noise. Measurement of annoyance components• Measurements and analyses of temporal variations in noiseand the relation to noise annoyance. Measuring residents'reactions to noise with magnitude scales. Noise and sleepquality in two hospitals in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil• Noise considerations associated with the development ofmajor automobile racing facilities. Noise exposition evaluationin industrial environment: ergonomic approach appliedto the measurement strategy. Noise impacts from the HongKong airport railway, problems solutions and lessons learned• Non-auditory health effects of noise: updated review Occupationalnoise exposure, use of hearing protectors over timeand blood pressure levels: the results of a case control study• On penalties to sound levels to meet human response onshooting noise • On the noticeability of small and gradualdeclines in aircraft noise exposure levels. Oscillation modesof supersonic multi-jet. People'sattitude toward airport resultingfrom decrease in number of flights. Phase effect onroughness sensation of complex tones. Prevalence of medicationuse around Schiphol Airport using drug dispensingpharmacy data. Progress report on Sydney Airport healthstudies, phase 1 • Progress report, the AES Working Group(WG-ll) on music acoustical levels • Recent field studies inthe United States involving the disturbance of sleep fromaircraft noise • Recommendations of the Noise WorkingGroup. Relationship between noise emission, annoyance andself-reported sleep disturbance results of different field studies• Research that supports response question comparison32NoiselNews International1996 March

efforts • Resurfacing a section of the M40 Motorway withporous asphalt: traffic noise changes and community response• Road noise subjective assessment in cars • Road trafficnoise, self medication, and prescriptions: a community study• Scaling annoyance of street traffic noise as a function ofloudness and speech intelligibility. Sensitivity to road trafficnoise. Social survey on community response to railway noise-comparison of responses obtained with different annoyancescales. Social survey on traffic noise for the City of PortoAlegre, Brazil. Some policy and regulatory implications ofrecent findings of field studies on noise-induced sleep disturbance• Some ways to process raw data coming from communitynoise surveys. Sound quality and activity: sharpnessand bandwidth annoyance on reading • Sounds with tonalfeatures -research methods and assessment • Subjectiveevaluation of noise immissions from Transrapid e Subjectivework noise - a major risk factor inmyocardial infarction.Synergetic effects of noise from different sources: a literaturestudy. Test-retest reliability of psychological scales relatedto community reaction to noise. The aircraft noise disasterdue to the changed operational mode at Sydney Kingsford­Smith airport: why it happened. The assessment of noiseexposure and countermeasures for the new airport establishment- on the case of Chubu international airport • Theeffects of low frequency noises on man - two experiments •The influence of stimulus range on the judgments of loudnessand annoyance. The infrasound role in the meteopathologyforming • The measurement of noise from wind farms andbackground noise levels. The Munich airport noise study:cognitive effects on children from before to after the changeover of airports. The permissible noise levels in studios andcontrol rooms. The role of subjects and its importance fordifferential noise psychology. Tonal noise immission fromwind farms. Total noise rating at Oslo airport Gardermoen •Towards a new understanding of public urban spaces: indentification,classification, and recognition of sound atmospheres• Trade-off effect between the number of events andLAeq in the evaluation of train noise. Various factors affectingannoyance response to train noise. Verification of objectiveassessment method for tonal noise from wind farmsAnalysis3-D random acoustic ray-tracing model in room acoustics.4-DENA (4 dimension environmental noise analysis) • A3-DOF SEA element for modelling one-dimensional structureswith very high modal overlaps. A combined integromodalapproach for predicting acoustic properties ofcomplex-shaped cavities. A coupled FEMIBEM model forhandling the vibro-acoustic response of structures subjectedto random excitations • A device to measure the volumeacceleration of vibrating surfaces • A Doppler correctionprocedure for exterior pass-by noise. A forced solution formulti-channel feedforward adaptive systems. A method foraccurately matching high-pass filtered signal analysis channels• A noise source location study on the central heatingunits for dwellings. A numerical analysis of sound field of along space by a sub-region coupling approach. A recursivealgorithm for digital filters to reduce the number of multipliers• A sound level meter with source identification capability •A subdomain decomposition method for large acoustic cavities• A survey of publications related to fuzzy structuresanalysis • A theoretical and experimental comparison ofestablished noise propagation models • A wide band piezoelectrictransducer for otoacoustic emission applications •About automobile aerodynamic leak noise. Acoustic holography:A tool for noise source identification and quantification• Active noise control based on adaptive prediction. Aeroacousticsand time varying systems. Air traffic noise calculationin the Nordic countries: minimum requirements, test andtools • Aliasing and windowing effects on intensity vectormaps reconstructed by acoustic holography processing. Amplificationof the total power flow radiated from an extendednoise source operating near elastic bounds. A aerothermoacousticmodel for computation of sound radiated by turbulentflames • An analysis of the flow and sound source of acentrifugal fan. An automated system for wind turbine tonalassessment • An efficient adaptation structure for high speedtracking in tonal cancellation systems. An evaluation of noiseeffect in pitch determination: wavelet application to better theresults • An impedance technique for determining the dynamicstructural properties of a porous material. An intelligentmethod of monitoring transportation noise. An overviewof the Dutch method to predict average propagation of shootingnoise in order to create computer-generated noise contoursaround shooting ranges • An update on the assessment onsmall arms shooting noise. Analysis and modelling of thevehicle gearbox noise • Analysis of internal combustionengine noise and gas emissions using multivariate methods.Analysis of the discrepancies between prediction and experimentalresults for a Tbeam e Analysis of the squeal vibrationof a drum brake. Applicability of calculation of road trafficnoise for high-rise residential buildings in Hong Kong •Application of an area-integrating vibration velocitytransducer • Application of statistical energy analysis to apassenger vehicle combining analytical and test-based predictionin a hybrid model. Artificial head for the evaluation ofhearing protectors. Assessing hearing protectors for use inimpulsive noise. Auditory damage in freshman students andrecruits. Auditory performance in musicians and sound-engineers• Barrier diffraction and sound propagation in US­DOT's new traffic noise model. Burner pulsations in centralheating boilers: numerical simulation of burner- boiler interactionand visualization of combustion instability. Cepstrumdeconvolution for estimating probability density functions ofcompound signals • Characterization of partially coherentrandom forces by means of PCA • Characterization of scatteringusing near-field acoustic holography. Comparisonbetween European road traffic noise prediction methods anddefinition of the Basque country's method. Comparisonbetween room transmission functions calculated with aboundary element method and a ray tracing method includingphase. Comparison between some results measured with an"Urusasa & Hues" and the conventional sound level meters.Comparison of two methods for predicting traffic noise.Complication appraised by wave form of environmental noise• Computer cost of a 3-D numerical model for noise barriersinsertion loss. Computer-aided shaping of vibroacousticactivity of toothed gears. Condition Monitoring of machinesusing acoustic signals. Damping and coupling loss factorsestimation in SEA method; what is really measured? •dB(ELC) - A proposal to modify the dB(A) • Decompositionof refrigerator noise for sound quality evaluation. Design ofsuper quiet hush-house noise suppression system for KoreanAirline's maintenance facility at Kimae International Airport,Pusan, Korea • Design supporting analysis for powertrainnoise and vibration. Determination of emission sound pressurelevels. Comparisons between a new intensity method andtraditional ISO standards. Determination of SEA couplingand dissipation loss factors by means of input power modulation• Determination of sound power levels of noise sourcesusing sound intensity points versus scanning. Developmentof airport noise monitoring system at Subang Kuala Lumpur1996 MarchNoiselNews International 33

international airport, Malaysia. Digital sound level meters ­a critical evaluation. Double hull tanker acoustic analysisusing solid geometry model and statistical energy analysis.Driving patterns in Japan and their relation to vehicle noisetesting methods. Dynamical analysis of vibro-acoustic data• Equalization concept and practical implementation issues.Evaluation of annoyance response to engine sound usingdifferent rating methods. Experiences with an SEA softwaretool for response and sensitivity calculation. Experimentalacoustic modal analysis - a review. Experimental determinationof acoustic source data for fans. Experimental statisticalenergy analysis: internal and coupling loss factor matrixvalidation • Experimental statistical energy modeling of ahigh speed train: measurement strategy, model derivation, andmodel application. Experimental validation and optimizationof parameters for an inverse method of identifying noisesources. Failure detection of roller bearings on freight trainwheel axles by noise and vibration signal. Failure detectionof roller bearings on freight train wheel axles by noise andvibration signal. Finite elements and statistical energy analysis:Redefining the ensemble. Frequency difference spectraand their use as a new kind of feature representation foracoustic classifiers/identifiers. Generic limitations of vibroacousticmodelling methods for prediction of product noise.Impedance determination by sound intensity measurement infree field. Implementation of real time octave filter analysisfunctions in a hand held type sound level meter- Improvementof Bangkok's highway noise forecasting model by modificationof traffic noise sources • Impulsive method for roadbarriers: a first schedule of ten years of practice • In situmeasurements of surface acoustical properties at oblique incidenceusing pseudo-random sequences and a single microphone• Intercomparison of computer programs for trafficnoise simulations • Interpolation model for long-range propagationof shooting noise over heterogeneous ground. Investigationof dual channel time delay estimates as an aid tosource location. Investigation of the long-range low-frequencynoise of a propfan aircraft test predicted by the integratednoise model • Investigations into the relationshipsbetween L eq and £go for urban railways • Least squarestechniques for the estimation of acoustic source strengthspectra. Let us use spheres in acoustic measurement instruments• Localization of correlated noise sources with selectivelinear arrays. Location of distant sources of infrasonicnoise • Long distance signal transmission procedure usingseismic sensors with AD converters. Low frequency hearingthreshold and equal loudness contours at 20, 40, 60, 80 and100 phon levels • Low power bimorph piezoceramictransducer for optical vibrating systems • Mapping of trucknoise using an incoherent aperture source model. Measurementof aircraft noise reduction in residences. Measurementof cylindrical configuration using sound phase delay. Measurementof flexural and longitudinal wave power flow inbeams with piezoelectric films • Measurement of the transmissionloss of simple and complex building cracks by meansof acoustic intensimetry • Measurement uncertainties in thedetermination of the sound power level of machines. Measuringthe relative strengths of a set of coherent sources •Microphones: theory and practice. Modeling and measurementof sound intensity of jet screech. Modelling and validationof a passenger car door transmission loss with SEA.Modelling of sound propagation in underground stations •Modelling of the acoustic protection given by a space launcherpayload fairing. Modelling structural-acoustic interaction inthe interior cavity of a passenger car • Modelling the propagationpathway of street traffic noise: practical comparison ofGerman guidelines and real-world measurements. Monitoringof tool condition using sound power measurement •Multichannel normalized x-block LMS algorithm for activenoise and vibration control. Never mind the level -listen tothe quality. Noise measurements in windy conditions. Noisesource identification based on measurements of cross-correlationfunctions.• Non-linear model of vibroacoustic signalapproach to the condition monitoring. Numerical simulationstudies of inverse methods for quantification of sound transmissionalong fluid-filled pipes • Objective evaluation ofsound quality based on a relative approach. Observations onthe systematic deviations between the results of the conventionalmethod and the intensity method of measuring transmissionloss • Passby measurements vs STSF passbysimulations • Pattern evaluation and periodic verification ofsound calibrators. Predicting frequency-varying fitting densityand absorption coefficient in industrial workrooms •Prediction of rain fall noise on double glass panes. Predictionof the occupational noise exposure level. Psychoacousticaldimensions of noise events in the laboratory and in the field• Quality of impulsive sounds • Recognition of acousticsignatures of aircraft noise events. Reduction of non-lineardistortion in condenser microphones by using negative loadcapacitance. Relation between measurement errors and predictionaccuracy in vibroacoustics • Remarks about the truevalue of the sound power level • Representativity of longrange sound level calculation. Reverberation-room methodfor sound power determination at low frequencies • Roadtraffic noise prediction taking account of transient vehiclerunning conditions. Robust active noise control of one-dimensionalexhaust duct using H~ control theory. Searchingand identification of noise sources using genetic algorithm •Simplified equivalent description of the complex subsystemsfor the numerical analyses of acoustic problems. Definitionof the subsystem parameters by measurements. Simulationof tram noise abatement procedures in the psychoacousticlaboratory: a pilot study. Solution of vibration contact problemsusing a fractal roughness characterization of the surface• Some prediction models for the calculation of traffic noisein the environment. Some applications of sound intensityin building acoustics. Sound absorption characteristics ofmaterials determined in regular shape room. Sound absorptioncoefficient measurements outdoors. Sound quality assessmentof a diesel engine due to structure modifications •Sound reduction index evaluation of double-wall panels forindustrial buildings using SEA. Sound source characteristicsanalysis of Shinkansen cars using x-shaped microphone array• Sound transmission through aircraft structures using statisticalenergy analysis • Sound transmission through lightweightdouble walls using statistical energy analysis. Soundtransmission through ship structures using statistical energyanalysis. Source signal manipulation for improved measurementsof multi-directional mechanical mobilities. Statisticalanalysis of 284 "Wuerzburger Hoerfield'' loudness scalingexperiments in normal hearing adults • Statistical energyanalysis (SEA) in the service of noise control • Structuralcoupling through the frame of a double wall. Super-compactmicrophone/receiver for noisy environments. Test codes formachines with variable repetition frequency. The concept ofquality in the context of product sound. The development ofa sound reproduction system to generate authentic vehicleinterior noise in a driving simulator. The Dose Badge -a newmeasuring concept • The identification of acoustic sourceswithin a circular duct using a model based approach • Thelimits of predictability due to uncertainty. The new laboratoryfacilities of the laboratory of building acoustics. The34NoiselNews International1996 March

operation of multichannel feedforward adaptive systems •The use of an impedance tube for measuring acoustic impedanceat low frequencies. The validity of reciprocal acoustictransfer function measurements on trucks for pass-by noise.The volume velocity method for determining the specificnormal impedances of acoustic materials. Translating advancedtechnical assessment to effective community liaison.Truck exterior noise emission breakdown; source strengthidentification and contribution analysis in normal operation.TSTOY - Terrain model based calculation of road traffic noiselevels: on basic decisions regarding calculation principles andimplementation. Two perspectives to analyze the effects ofchanges in noise levels on annoyance around internationalairports. Urban noise prediction in Pamplona (Spain) • Useof airborne noise calculation to develop low noise tractor'sdrive system housing. Using nearfield acoustical holographyto reconstruct the surface velocity and interior acoustic intensityfrom interior pressure measurements • Utilization ofexpert knowledge in automatic classifiers of noise sources.Validating a statistical energy analysis model of a saloon car• Verification of an analytic sensitivity capability for the finiteelement structural-acoustic program Sara-2D • Verifying vehicleSEA model predictions for airborne noise transmissionusing designed experiments. What does it mean for a binauralhearing system not to have the minimal phase property?RequirementsA case study of adjusting the annoyance of artillery noise tothe annoyance of aircraft noise • A comparison of methodsfor the prediction of road traffic noise in different countries ­results of the Round Robin Test • A more coherent strategyconcerning noise legislation in the EC • Acoustic measurementsusing an impulsive reference source. Basics and useof DIN 45681 'detection of tonal components and determinationof a tone adjustment for the noise assessment' • Can lorrydrivers claim compensation for noise-induced hearing loss?Criteria for airport noise in Japan. Development of commoninternational noise certification standards for aircraft. EuropeanMachinery Directive 89/392 - safety clauses. Evolutionof IEC electrodomestic appliance noise standards • Futuredirection of aircraft noise certification regulations in theUnited States. ICAO future trends in noise certification.What's happening between ICA CAEPPI3 and CAEP/4. •Legal regulation of noise in the United Kingdom and theEuropean Union. Noise - the UK law - ear defenders. Noisecontrols on construction works - government's efforts in HongKong. Noise declarations - the new ISO 4871 • Proposal ofISO R-362 modifications • Requirements for an externalnoise measuring procedure for commercial vehicles withgreater environmental effectiveness. Requirements for theprotection against outdoor noise in various countries withrespect to standardization and regulations. Russian conceptionfor standardization in the field of machinery noise •Safety clauses • Sound power measurement of a mediumspeed diesel engine by ISO/DIS 9614-2 and ISO 3746 indifferent acoustical conditions.• State and trend in Italy onthe assessment of the tonal component in the environmentalnoise. The future of noise law in the UK • The use of soundexposure in environmental noise standards. Towards a newISO 3891 • Typical driving patterns of cars and trucks andhow they coincide with driving according to noise measuringstandards. UK policy and strategy to reduce risk to healthfrom hand-arm vibration. What has been the impact of EClaw on noise control in the UK? • When will the isolationprogram in Amsterdam end?DIRECTORY OF NOISE CONTROL SERVICESInformation on listings in the Directory ofNoise Control Services is available from INCE/USA, Pt). Box3206 Arlington Branch, Poughkeepsie, NY 12603, USA. The price is USD 325 for four insertions.ANANNOUNCEMENTof the capapbilities of yourfirm could go here and reach5000 readers of Noise/NewsInternational around theworld.For more information, contactINCEIUSAP.O. Box 3206Arlington BranchPoughkeepsie, NY 12603USATelephone: +1 9144624006;FAX: + 19144630201WILSON, IHRIG &ASSOCIATES, INC.Acoustical Consultants30 Years Experience in:• Transportation Noise and Vibration• Architectural, Environmental andIndustrial Acoustics• SpecializedVibrationServices5776 BroadwayOakland, CA 94618, USATelephone: 510 658-6719FAX: 510 652-4441RHLYONCORPDesign Solutions for NewProducts• QuietProducts:Program ManagementEngineeringDesign• Sound Quality:MarketAnalysisFocus Groups & Jury Testing• DiagnosticSystems:ManufacturingProcess Control• TransducerDesign691 Concord Ave.Cambridge, MA 02138, USATelephone: 617 864-7260FAX: 617864-0779Email: rh1yon@mit.edu1996 March NoiselNews International 35

Inter-noise 96Name, organisation and address of Delegate:D Please register me as a delegate to Internoise 96Name:Organisation:Address:Telephone:Fax:email:D I shall be accompanied byNon-delegate(s) named belowRegistration feesThe Delegate Fee- if receivedbefore 1 June 1996 (£300.00 + £52.50 VAT= £352.50) is -+The Delegate Fee- if receivedafter 31 May 1996 (£340.00 + £59.50 VAT= £399.50) is -+The Fee for accompanying non-delegate(s), at £30.00+ £5.25 VAT= £35.20each is -+Congress Dinner (At..St George's Hall, Thursday evening).I wouldlike ..... tickets at £37 each (inclusive of wine and VA T). The cost of this isSocial ProgrammeI wouldlike tickets for the evening river cruise, Tuesday. The cost, at £25 each, is -+I wouldlike tickets for the New Cavern Club, Tuesday. The cost, at £20 each, is -+I wouldlike tickets for the Chinese Banquet, Tuesday. The cost, at £22 each, is -+I wouldlike tickets for the eveningriver cruise, Wednesday. The cost, at £25 each, is -+I wouldlike tickets for the Jacobean Banquet, Wednesday. The cost, at £32 each, is -+The total Registration and Social Programme Fees is as shown here -+ £Pre-Congress ToursPlease send me details of the following tour(s)commencing from London Heathrow Airport on the morning of Saturday 27July and finishing at the Congress at 1pm on Tuesday 30 July.D Industrial Heritage D Stately Homes and Culture D Railway Enthusiasts" D GolfD .On Friday 26 July there is alsoa trip to the Channel Tunnel Visitor Centre, together with a journey through theChannel Tunnel, eitheras an addition to the Railway Enthusiasts tour,or separately. Please senddetails.Congress ProceedingsD I shall not be ableto attendthe Congress; please send me ....set(s) of the Congress Proceedings at the priceof £100eachset including postand packing.D I enclose a cheque D I have completed the creditcard voucher opposite for the full amount.

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THE INTER-NOISE SERIESThe INTER-NOISE Series of International Conferences onNoise Control Engineering began in the United States in 1972. Since1972, the conferences have been held each year either inthe United States or overseas. The Proceedings of these conferences haveproved to be a valuable source of information onworld-wide noise control technology.INTER-NOISE95.HeldinNewport Beach, California, USA on1995July 10-12. Proceedings edited by Robert 1. Bernhard and 1. StuartBolton. 324papers. Vol. 1, xxxii + 716 technical pages, Vol. 2, xxiv+ 734 technical pages. ISBN 0-931784-32-8 (setof two volumes).INTER-NOISE94.Held inYokohama, Japan on1994 August 29-31.Proceedings edited by Sonoko Kuwano. 488 papers. Vol 1,xlvi+716technical pages, Vol2, xxiv+ 706 technical pages, Vol. 3, xxiv+718technical pages. ISBN 9900282-4-4 (setof three volumes).INTER-NOISE 93.Held inLeuven, Belgium on1993 August 24-26.Proceedings edited by Pierre Chapelle andGerrit Vernier. 404papers.Vol. 1,xl +632technical pages, Vol. 2,xl +622 technical pages, Vol.3, xl + 642 technical pages. ISBN 90-5204-024-9 (set of threevolumes).INTER-NOISE 92. Held in Toronto, Canada on 1992 July 20-22.Proceedings edited by Gilles A. Daigle and Michael R. Stinson. 270papers; Vol. 1, xxxii + 636 technical pages, Vol. 2, xxxii + 628technical pages. ISBN 0 931784- 25-5 (setof two volumes).INTER-NOISE 91. Held in Sydney, Australia on 1991 December2-4. Proceedings edited by Anita Lawrence. 311 papers; Vol. I, xviii+ 746 technical pages, Vol. 2, xvi + 543 technical pages. ISBN0-909882 12 6 (setof twovolumes).INTER-NOISE 90. Held in Gothenburg, Sweden on 1990 August13-15.Proceedings edited by Hans Jonassen. 331 papers; Vol. 1,xxii+ 710 technical pages, Vol. 2, xxii + 734 technical pages. ISBN:91-7848-224-0 (setof two volumes). ISSN 0105-175X.INTER-NOISE 89. Held in Newport Beach, California on 1989December 4-6. Proceedings edited by George C. Maling, Jr. 263papers; Vol. 1, xl + 700 technical pages, Vol. 2, xl + 612technicalpages. ISBN: 0-931784-20-4 (set of two volumes). ISSN:0105-175X.INTER-NOISE 88. Heldin Avignon, France on 1988 30 August-lSeptember. Proceedings edited by Michael Bockhoff. 396papers; Vol.1,xxi+598technical pages, Vol. 2,xxi +568 technical pages, Vol. 3,xxi + 572 technical pages. ISSN: 0l05-175X. Setof three volumes.INTER-NOISE87.HeldinBeijing, China on1987 September 15-17.Proceedings edited by Li Pei-zi. 412 papers; Vol. 1, xxxvi + 878technical pages, Vol. 2, xxxvi + 806 technical pages. Set of twovolumes.INTER-NOISE86. HeldinCambridge, Massachusetts, USA on1986July 21-23. Proceedings edited by Robert Lotz. 271 papers; Vol. 1,xxxv + 796pp.,Vol. 2, xxxv + 676 pp. ISBN: 0-931784-15-8 (setoftwo volumes). ISSN: 0105-175X.INTER-NOISE 85. Heldin Munich, Federal Republic ofGermany on1985 September 18-20. Bundesanstalt fur Arbeitsschutz, Ed. 351papers; Vol1,viii+ 740pp., Vol 2, viii+ 760pp.Setoftwo volumes.INTER-NOISE 84. Held in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA on 1984December -5. Proceedings edited by George C.Mating, Jr.299papers;Vol 1, xxxviii + 748 pp., Vol 2, xxxvii + 678 pp. ISBN:0-931784-11-5 (set of twovolumes). ISSN: 0105-175XINTER-NOISE83.HeldinEdinburgh, Scotland on1983 July13-15.Proceedings edited by R. Lawrence. 294papers; Vol. 1, Iii + 552pp.,Vol 2,xliii + 690 pp. ISBN 0-946731-00-4 (set of twovolumes).INTER-NOISE82. Held in San Francisco, California, USA on 1982May 17-19.Proceedings edited by 1.G. Seebold. 198 papers; Vol. 1,xxxiv + 358 pp., Vol 2, xxxiv +506 pp. ISBN: 0-931784-07-7 (setof two volumes).INTER-NOISE 81. Held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands on 1981October 6-8. Proceedings edited by A. DeBmijn. 248papers: Vol. 1,xxxiv +592 pp., Vol n, xxxiv +550pp. ISBN: 90-9000-222-7 (setof two volumes).INTER-NOISE80. Held inMiami, Florida, USA on1980 December8-10. Proceedings edited by George C. Maling, Jr. 253papers; Vol. 1,xxxvl + 556 pp., Vol. 2.,xxxvi + 638 pp. Library of Congress CatalogNumber: 72-91606, ISBN: 0-931784-03-4 (setof twovolumes).INTER-NOISE 79. Held in Warsaw, Poland on 1979 September11-13. Proceedings edited by Stefan Czarnecki. 182 papers; Vol. 1,xxlii +474pp., Vol. 2, xxiii +470 pp. ISSN: 0105-175X. Setoftwovolumes.INTER-NOISE78. Held in San Francisco, California, USA on 1978May 8-10. Proceedings edited by William W. Lang. 166 papers, xxx+ 1058 pp. Library of Congress Catalog Number: 78-55436, ISBN:G-931784-00-X, ISSN: 0105-175X.INTER-NOISE77.HeldinZurich, Switzerland on 1977 March 1-3.Proceedings edited by Eric1. Rathe. 138papers, xxiv+ 986pp.INTER-NOISE 76. Held in Washington, DC, USA on 1976 April5-7. Proceedings edited by R. Kerlin. 129 papers, xxxi + 529 pp.Library of Congress Catalog Number: 762229.INTER-NOISE 75. Held in Sendai, Japan on 1975 August 27-29.Proceedings edited by Ken'iti Kido, 147papers, xxvi + 760pp.INTER-NOISE 74. Held in Washington, DC, USA on 1974September 30-Qctober 02. Proceedings edited by John C. Snowdon.140 papers, xxxi + 660 pp, Library of Congress Catalog Number:72-91606.INTER-NOISE73. Held in Copenhagen. Denmark on 1973 August22-24.Proceedings edited by O.1.Petersen. 96papers, xviii+634pp.INTER-NOISE72. Held in Washington, DC, USA on 1972 October4-6. Proceedings edited by Malcolm J. Crocker. 92papers, xv + 565pages. Library of Congress Catalog Number: 72-91606.

CONTROLThe illustrations in this feature article appearedfirst in a book published in Swedishby Arbetarskyddsfonden, the Swedish Work Environment Fund. The Fund was establishedby national legislation in Sweden to conduct research and education in the fieldofwork environment improvement, and is jointly operated by Swedish employers andlabor unions.The book was translated into English and disseminated as a guidefor workers andemployers by the U.S. Department ofLabor. It has also been translated into otherlanguages, notably Finnish and Danish, but its overall circulation has been limited.The illustrations are being republished here to give them wider circulation, particularlyamong noise control engineers.The formulation ofthe principles, the choice ofexamples and the preparation ofpreliminary sketches was the workofStig Ingemansson. The original illustrations wereprepared by Claes Folkesson.The principles and practice ofnoise control are presented in eight sections:PrinciplesandPractice(Part 8)A. Sound behaviorB. Soundfrom vibrating platesC. Sound production in air or gasesD. Sound production in flowing liquidsE. Sound propagation indoorsF. Sound propagation in ductsG. Soundfrom vibrating machinesH. Sound reduction by enclosure walls.The text of the U.S. Department of Labor translation has been checked andimproved by the author. The illustrations are being published serially in NoiseINewsInternational. Illustrations A1 throughA4 appeared in NNI, Vol 2 No.2, 1994 June,pages 108-115. Illustrations A5 through A8 appeared in NNI, Vol 2. No.3, 1994September, pages 185-193. Illustrations B1 through B3 appeared in NNI, Vol. 2, No.4, 1994 December, pages 244-249. Illustrations B4 through B6 appeared in NNI, Vol.3, No.1, 1995 March, pages 46-51.Illustrations B7 through C2appeared in NNI, Vol. Stig Ingemansson3, No.2, 1995 June, pages 120-127. Illustrations C3 through C5 appeared in NNI,Vol. 3, No.3, 1995 September, pages 178-183. Illustrations C6 through D1 appearedin NNI, Vol. 3, No.4, 1995 December, pages 238 - 243. Illustrations appearing in thisissue are the following:D2. Large and rapid changes in pressure produce "cavitation" noiseE1. Sound sources should not be placed near cornersE2. Thick, porous layers absorb both high and low frequency sound.These illustrations should assist engineers in explaining to others the fundamentalprinciples ofnoise control. -Ed.Stig Ingemansson is the founder ofSwedensleading consulting firm in acoustics.He was a lecturer in acoustics for many years at Chalmers University ofTechnology,Gothenburg, Sweden, and recently receivedan honorary doctoratefrom the university.His address is: Stig N.? Ingemansson, DNV Ingemansson AB, Gullbergs Strandgata6, Box 276, S-40 124 Gothenburg, Sweden.1996 March NoiselNews International 39

LARGE AND RAPID CHANGESIN PRESSURE PRODUCE"CAVITATION" NOISEWhen large pressure drops occur rapidly inliquids, the bubbles produced immediatelyimplode - explode inwards. The result is aroaring noise - and strong vibrations. This socalledcavitation noise is most common inhydraulic systems. Cavitation can be avoided bybringing about the pressure reduction in severalsmall steps.Principlelow pressure40 Noise/News International 1996 March

Application with pumps and valveshydraulicpwnppressurereducinginsertcontrolvalveExampleIn a hydraulic system, the full pump capacityis employed only in exceptional cases.Usually, the pressure is greatly reduced usinga control valve. Cavitation can then arise,producing loud noise from the valve. Thenoise is conducted as solid-borne sound toconnected machines and building structures.pressure reducing insertControl MeasureA pressure-reducing insert is placed in thesame pipe as the control valve. The inserthas removable plates with differentperforations. The plates are selected so thatthe insert will not produce a greater pressuredrop than that required to prevent cavitation.removable plates1996 March NoiselNews International 41

SOUND SOURCES SHOULDNOT BE PLACED NEARCORNERSThe closer to reflecting surfaces a sound sourceis placed, the greater the amount of noise it willradiate to the room. The worst placement is incomers - near three room surfaces. The bestplacement is away from the walls.Principleone nearby surface•sound•,. . ....~•source at adistance from allsurfaces42 NoiselNews International 1996 March

Application of machine placementExampleIn an industrial shop, machines areplaced in four rows with three aislesbetween them. This arrangement increasesnoise from the machines inthe two outermost rows.Control MeasureThe machines are placed together,two-by-two, away from the walls,and new aisles are set up along thewalls. With this new arrangement, thenoise level in the installation drops.machines moved1996 March NoiselNews International 43

THICK, POROUS LAYERSABSORB BOTH HIGH ANDLOW FREQUENCY SOUNDPorousmaterialthrough which air canpassoftenmakes a good sound absorber. Examples of suchmaterials include felt, foam rubber, plastic foam,textile fibers, and a number of sintered metalsand ceramic materials. If the pores are closed,the absorption is low. Thin porous absorbentshandle high tones. For good absorption below100Hz, the thickness required may becomeimpractical. Low frequency absorption isimproved with the aid of an air gap behind theabsorbing layer.Principle1.00.8absorption factor (indicates theportion of the incoming soundthat is absorbed_..0.60.40.2o10 5 2.5low tonesthickness of mineral wool1 cm mounted directly against the wall.- --. high tones44NoiselNews International1996 March

Application in large spacesExampleA workshop with intense low frequencynoise is provided with absorbers that areeffective for low tones. One part of the shopcontains space for hanging sound absorptivebaffles, which provide good low frequencyabosrption, and are easily installed. Atraverse leaves no room for baffles in theother part of the shop. Instead, horizontalsound absorptive panels are installed abovethe traverse, 20 em from the ceiling, toimprove the low-frequency absorption. Withsound absorptive material on the walls andceiling, the noise levels in the shop can bereduced 3 to 10 dB, except in the immediatevicinity of the noise sources.sound-absorptive bafflessound-absorptive panel onlowered frame1996 March NoiselNews International 45

PeopleGold Medal KamerlinghOnnes Award Goes toRaymond Cohen and the RayW. Herrick LaboratoriesIn August, at the InternationalInstitute ofRefrigeration Congressin dan Haag,Netherlands, the DutchAssociation of Refrigeration(NVvK)awarded the GoldenRaymond Cohen Kamerlingh OnnesAward to The Ray W.Herrick Laboratories of Purdue University,West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, recognizingas a prominent contributor,Professor Raymond Cohen. ProfessorCohen served as the president ofINCElUSA in 1990. The award was presented...in consideration of the scientificcontributions in connection with compressortechnology and specifically of theachievements in improving intemationalexchange of information by establishingand extending the Purdue compressortechnology/engineering conferences.This is the thirteenth award of the Kamerlinghgold medal in the 45 years since itsinception and the fourth time it has beenawarded to a recipient from the UnitedStates.In the presentation speech, Dr. SimonTauber cited the work done at the HerrickLabs to simulate compression processesin reciprocating and rotary compressors.He referred to the Labs as "an internationallyrecognized nucleus of knowledge inthe field of reciprocating and rotatingcompressors."Professor Cohen accepted the awardon behalf of his colleagues. The framedcertificate which accompanied the awardis now hanging in the Hudelson conferenceroom at the Herrick Labs.Greg Moebs Receives FirstINCE UndergraduateEducation Award.INCEIUSA has developed an [NeE UndergraduateAward program in which allmembers of INCE who are teaching inPictured left to right are Professor Robert J.Bernhard, Greg Moebs, and ProfessorStuart Bolton ofthe Ray W HerrickLaboratories ofthe School ofMechanicalEngineering at Purdue University.universities can participate. The award isa local award; that is, it can be given at auniversity to an engineering student whohas done well in a particular course relatedto noise control, written an outstandingpaper, or who has doneexemplary work on a special project. Theaward consists of a special plaque with anengraved plate and a three-year studentassociateship in INCEIUSA. Any memberof INCEIUSA who is teaching in auniversity may give up to three awardsper year, with a maximum of six awardsper year at anyone institution.In 1995, Greg Moebs of Purdue Universityreceived the first award. Duringhis undergraduate studies, he tookcoursework in noise control, engineeringacoustics, mechanical vibration, and aspecial topics class on signal processing.He is currently engaged in graduatestudy on the acoustical imaging of noisesources with Professors Stuart Bolton andPatricia Davis.Berry Joins StaH atCavanaugh Tocci AssociatesGregory Tocci, President of CavanaughTocci Associates, Inc. CTA), of Sudbury,Massachusetts, USA announced that LincolnBerry has joined the eTA staff as afull-time consultant. Line holds a Bachelorof Science in Interior Architecture andBachelor of Fine Arts degrees from theRhode Island School of Design (RISD) inProvidence, RI. As a RISD senior, Linewas awarded the Robert Bradford NewmanStudent Medal for excellence in thestudy of architectural acoustics. Line hasbeen teaching acoustics and lighting atthe Boston Architectural Center Schoolof architecture and interior design since1992, during which time he has assistedCTA on a part-time basis.Line brings a diverse, multidisciplinarybackground in architectural technologiesto the CTA consulting staff anda long-time enthusiasm for architecturalacoustics and electro-acoustic systems.Seven Medals Awarded toStudents During 1995In 1995, the tenth year of the RobertBradford Newman Student Award Medalprogram, seven students were selected toreceive the medal "For Merit in ArchitecturalAcoustics." One of this year'srecipientsattends the University of Cambridge,United Kingdom, an architectural schoolnot previously represented on the awardslist. The following is a list of the recipientsof medals and their projects:Steven B. Afrin, Clemson University,Guidelines for Use of Variable AcousticsFeatures in a Performing Center Auditorium.Charles Douglas Chervek, Iowa StateUniversity, Acoustical Analysis and Recommendationsof the First United MethodistChurch, Urbandale, Iowa.Brian G. Harmon, University of Kansas,Sound Advice for the Prediction andReduction of Restroom Fan Noise.Bruce Dean Horgan, Oklahoma StateUniversity, Stillwater High School PerformingArts Center.Jian Kang, University of Cambridge,England, Acoustics in Long Enclosures.John Scott Kidwell, University ofFlorida, Subjective and Objective Comparisonof Acoustical Modeling and FullSize Rooms.Mitchell Eric Spolan, University ofFlorida, Design of Program for Computer-controlled,Acoustical Modeling ofa Variable Acoustics Chamber.46NoiselNews International1996 March

European NewsA. Cops, European EditorFRANCEInternational Acoustical Firms to Collaborate.Two major acoustical consultingfirms, Commins Acoustics Workshopand Acentech Incorporated, have agreedto collaborate in pursuing projects involvingarchitectural acoustics and noisecontrol in performance spaces.Commins Acoustics Workshop basedin Paris, France, has been involved withthe design of many concert halls, operahouses, theaters, and cultural facilitiesthroughout Europe. In the USA, Comminsis currently working on the renovationat the Ravinia Festival in Chicagoand the renovation of the John F. KennedyCenter for the Performing Arts inWashington, DC; Commins formerly wasinvolved with preparing the acousticalprogram for the Walt Disney Concert Hallin Los Angeles. In Europe, Dr. Commins'projects include the Auditorium and ConcertHall at the Musee d'Orsay; the Sallede Concerts de I'Arsenal in Metz; theGrande Halle and Cite de la Musique atLa Villette; and the Opera Regional etPalais des Congres, Corum de Montpellier.Acentech's acoustical consultingwork encompasses such projects as thenew Spivey Hall in Clayton, Georgia,USA; Coors Stadium in Denver, Colorado,USA; National Foreign AffairsTraining Center in Arlington Hall, Virginia,USA; and a Recital Hall at GrinnellCollege currently under design.Acentech Incorporated has offices inCambridge, Massachusetts, USA, andLos Angeles, California, USA. Acentechspecializes in architectural acoustics,audiovisual and sound system design,noise and vibration control, and environmentaland industrial acoustics.DENMARKBriiel & Kjrer Announces CloseCooperationwith SDRC. Bruel & Kjer hasannounced a software distribution agreementwith Structural ~namics ResearchCorporation (SDRC T ), a leading internationalsupplier of mechanical designautomation, testing and product datamanagement software.At the initial stage of an ongoing cooperation,Bruel & Kjer will supply turnkeysound quality engineering solutions,based on SDRC's I-DEAS Sound QualityEngineering(TM) software and its ownrange of binaural recording equipment.These engineering solutions are targetedfor the growing demand for soundquality testing. A range of turnkey systemswill enable Bruel & Kjer customersto measure, analyze, and modify productaudio signatures to produce a more desirablesound and improve the perceivedquality of its products.SOUTH AFRICAA workshop and conference, Noise andVibration '95, was held on 1995 November7-8 at the conference center of theUniversity of Pretoria under the auspicesof the Southern African Institute of MechanicalEngineers and the Southern AfricanAcoustics Institute (SAAI). Theattendance was more than 120 persons,and included attendees from as far awayas Algeria and Australia.Two keynote addresses were given ­Vibration Monitoring and analysis for rotatingmachinery by D.E. Bentley and A.Muszynska from the Bentley Rotor DynamicsResearch Corporation in Minden,Nevada, USA, and The vibro-acousticreciprocity principle and applications tonoise control by FJ. Fahy from the Instituteof Sound and Vibration Research inSouthampton, United Kingdom.The general areas covered at the conferencewere:• Condition Monitoring and diagnosis• Noise and vibration attenuation• Active noise and vibration control• Testing and analysis techniques• Case studies• Noise, vibration, and man• Fluid-structure interactionSeveral members of the SAAI presentedpapers at the conference. The titlesinclude:• A trackside non-intrusive vibrationbasedsystem for monitoring the developmentofwheel flats on rolling stockat normal train speeds• An array STSF system for noise controlinvestigations in the automotiveindustry• Monitoring reciprocating machinesusing vibration and pressure signals• Mitigation ofroad traffic noise• The active control of transient noisetransmission - a design example• How many actuators do I really needto control or excite a vibrating continuousstructure?• Strategy for noise control in a 3.6 gWEskom power station• A comparison of ceiling-plenumtransmission - calculation methods• Standing waves in automobile exhaustsystems• Modal testing for structural damageassessment on industrial structuresFurther information on the activitiesof the SAAI may be obtained from theSAAI at Postbus 912-169, Silverton0127, South Africa.TURKEYThe Turkish Acoustical Society and theInstanbu1Technical University Faculty ofMechanical Engineering have announceda short course on Applied Modal Testing:Theory and Practice to be held at theInstanbul Technical University on 1996April 02-04. The lecturers will be DavidJ. Ewins of the Imperial College of Scienceand Technology, University of London,Harry Zaveri, Brtiel & Kjer,Denmark, and Kevin Gatzwiller, Bruel &Kjrer, Denmark.Further information may be obtainedfrom Professor H. Temel Belek, TurkishAcoustical Society, ITU MakinaFakultesi, 80191 Gumussuyu, Istanbul,Turkey.1996MarchNoiselNews International47

Asia-Pacific NewsA. Lawrence, Asia-Pacific EditorAUSTRALIAThe International Commission on theBiological Effects of Noise (ICBEN) willhold the 7th International ICBEN Congresson Noise as a Public Health Problemat the Sydney Convention Centre,Sydney, Australia on 1998 November 22­27. The Congress will follow INTER­NOISE 98, the 1998 InternationalCongress on Noise Control Engineering,which is being held in Christchurch, NewZealand on 1998 November 16-18.The ICBEN Congress will consist ofinvited and contributed papers and workshopswhich will cover nine subject areas:noise induced hearing loss, noise andcommunication, non-auditory physiologicaleffects induced by noise, influenceof noise on performance andbehavior, effects of noise on sleep, communityresponse to noise, noise and animals,combined agents, and implicationsfor regulations and standards.The president of the conference isNorman Carter of the National AcousticLaboratories in Chatswood, NSW, Australia.The supporting local committeeconsists ofR.F. Soames Job, Sydney University,Stephen Samuels, University ofNew South Wales, David Eden, Eden Dynamics,and Lex Brown, Griffith University.Persons interested in receiving thefirst announcement pamphlet or personswho attended the 6th Congress in Nice in1993 and whose address has changedmay contact Norman Carter, NationalAcoustic Laboratories, 126 GrevilleStreet, Chatswood NSW 2067, Australia.Aircraft noise is still a major politicalissue in Sydney. The introduction of thenew North-South parallel runway and theclosing of the shorter East- West intersectingrunway has ensured that aircraft noiseis regularly featured on the front pages ofthe Sydney daily newspapers. Politics areinvolved because the people who arenewly exposed to the noise are largelyso-called silvertails who would normallybe expected to vote for the coalition (conservative)parties. The ones who haverecently been relieved from the noise arethe battlers who support Labor!The federal government (at present,Labor) announced an AUD 183 millionfund to reduce the impact of aircraft noiseon residents living within the 30 - 40Australian Noise Exposure ForecastZones. (ANEF zones are similar to the USNEF zones except that there is a differentweighting for evening and nighttimemovements.)There is an existing Australian Standard,AS 2021, "Acoustics - Aircraftnoise intrusion - Building siting andconstruction" which provides a methodof determining the average maximumnoise level from relevant aircraft at differentdistances from the take-offor landingthresholds at airports. This is thencompared with the relevant indoor designsound level to determine the degree ofaircraft noise attenuation required. AnAppendix provides the expected performanceof typical local domestic roofs,walls, windows, and doors.However, in this practical case, manyof the affected residences are quite old (inAustralian terms - built about 100 yearsago). They are often small, and althoughthe original house may have been constructedwith double-brick walls withslate or tile roofs, many have had sundrylight-weight rooms added on, and manyare not in good repair.It was thus decided to commission astudy to determine how best to improveaircraft noise attenuation, and the actualperformance of some 18 houses wasmeasured before and after modificationswere made. By slightly relaxing the AS2021 indoor criteria, it was found thatmany of the houses could be significantlyupgraded without major structural modifications.For example, sealing up all externalcracks, providing a second(double) window, and laying fiber insulationand leaded vinyl sheeting in the roofspace was found to be effective in manycases.In Sydney's climate, natural ventilationin the form of open windows is commonfor much of the year, and it isnecessary to provide mechanical ventilationor airconditioning if windows anddoors are to be sealed. Various HAV systemswere also investigated as part of thestudy.Unfortunately, there was only a smallsample of residents whose houses weremodified that could be asked of theiropinion of the results.Of course, even if aircraft noise can bereduced to "acceptable" levels indoors,affected residents have no protectionwhatsoever if they wish to use their gardensand "to put a prawn on the Barbie."From Sound Insulation ofResidences Exposedto Aircraft Noise, Aircraft NoiseInsulation Project. Prepared by the AustralianOperational Support Services inconjunction with CSRIO for the Departmentof Transport, Canberra, ACT, Australia.1995 August.48NoiselNews International1996 March

Pan-American NewsG.C. Maling, Jr., Pan-American EditorBRAZILThe Brazilian Noise Labeling Program.The Brazilian Institute ofEnvironmentalPollution (IBAMA), through itsnational Council (CONAMA) has approveda resolution concerning noise labeling.The principal objective of thisprogram is to encourage manufacturerand users of machines, equipment, householdappliances, toys and other devices tocultivate an awareness of noisy products,thereby enabling the consumers and generalusers to have information about thenoise level generated by those products.The Noise Label is not to punish norto limit the noise level permitted, but toenable the population to choose productswith a lower noise level and becomeaware of damaging effects of noise pollution.In 1989, the Brazilian National Instituteof Standards (INMETRO) startedproceedings for the creation of the NoiseLabeling Program. In November, 1991,IBAMA and INMETRO agreed to get theprogram implemented as part ofThe BrazilianProgram for Silence and Education.Two actions were taken. The first isrelated to the laboratory accreditation byINMETRO, and the second is the developmentof a specific legislation for homeappliances in order to guarantee that theproduct label show the A-weighted soundpower level.Various meetings were held amongGovernment Representatives (IN­METRO and IBAMA), Acoustics LaboratoriesRepresentatives andManufacturers Association Representativesto discuss noise label implementation.During the 15th Brazilian AcousticalSociety (SOBRAC) Meeting and 1stCongress Brazil/Argentina, held in Florianopolisin April, 1994, the Noise Labelprogram was discussed in the Plenary.Then CONAMA established that everyhome appliance should be obligated tohave a Noise Label, which shows thesound power level measured in accord-ance with INMETRO Standards in anaccredited laboratory.The Brazilian Certification Committee(CBC) formed a Technical Commissionfor Noise Labeling responsible forlaunching the labeling program. TheTechnical Commission is formed by IN­METRO, IBAMA, SOBRAC, and otherbodies.Since government controls bodies andcertification laboratories are very limited,simultaneous implementation of the labelingprogram for all products may bevirtually impossible.The Noise Label Commission's mainobjective is to set up a technical standardfor the Labeling Program. It is also necessaryto determine priorities concerninghome appliances labeling, consideringdifferent points, such as the laboratorycapacity. Furthermore the TechnicalCommission has been trying to establishBrazilian Standards equivalent to ISOStandards for sound power measurements,as well as encouraging and accreditingAcoustics Laboratories in Brazil.At the last meeting held in Sao Pauloin 1995 June, it was decided that theprogram would start in 1995 Octoberwith freezers, electrical shavers, andmanual hair dryers. From that time theINMETRO Laboratory would be used fortests, while the other laboratories wouldstart the process of accreditation.For the Noise Label Program to progress,it is essential that many institutionssuch as executive and legislative government,home appliances manufacturers,universities, and other research corporations,contribute to the program developmentand technical facilities for itsaccomplishment.Moreover, advertisements about noisedamages to health, productivity, andquality of life are crucial. Conscious participationof the population is more importantthan legislation.For more information, contact SO­BRAC. The address is in the NNI Directoryon page 62.USAINM,Version 5.1, to be Available fromthe FAA. The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) has announced that arelease of Version 5.1 of the IntegratedNoise Model (INM) is planned for thespring of 1996. The main enhancementsin Version 5.1 will be the addition ofmilitary aircraft and the noise-power-distancedata base from the U.S. Air ForceNOISEMAP model and support for theMicrosoft Windows 95 operating system.The minor data processing enhancementsmade will not affect INM contours.INM Version 5.1 will be sent automaticallyto all users of Version 5.0. A newUser's Guide will be distributed with thesoftware, also free of charge. New userswho order Version 5.0 after the release ofVersion 5.1 will receive Version 5.1.Interms of operating systems for Version5.1, the FAA plans to support onlyWindows 95 and Windows NT. Supportfor Windows 3.1 will be dropped. Thereasons for this include: 1) MicrosoftCorporation is phasing out Windows 3.1;2) WIN32s software (which allows Windows3.1 to run a 32-bit program such asINM) is still not bug free; and 3) theburden incurred by the maintenance andsupport costs of a third operating system.INM users upgrading to Windows 95will need at least 16 mb of real memory ontheir computers. 32 mb is recommended forlarge studies of studies producing contoursat high refinement levels and for WindowsNT users. Users concerned with the decisionto end support of Windows 3.1 shouldcontact John M. Gulding, INM ProgramManager, Office of Environment and Energy.Telephone: +1 202267 3654.ASATCAA Issues CallforPapers. TheTechnical Committee on ArchitecturalAcoustics (TCAA) of the Acoustical Societyof America (ASA) has issued a call forpapers on Auralization, ComputationalAcoustics, and Room Acoustical Measurementsfor the Honolulu Meeting of theSociety on 1996December 2-6. Contact theTechnical Program Chair at the ASA addressin the NNI Directory on page 62.1996 MarchNoiselNews International49

BooksThe Nature and Technology ofAcoustic SpaceMikio Tohyama, Hideo Suzuki, andYoichiAndoAcademic Press, Harcourt Brace & Company,Ltd., Foots Cray High Street, Sidcup,Kent DAl4 5HP, United Kingdom326 pp., hard cover, GBP 60.00The purpose of this book is to serve bothas a textbook that can be used for advancedundergraduate and graduatecourses on acoustics and noise controland as a resource for current research inthe rapidly-expanding subject of theproperties of sound fields in rooms andother enclosed spaces.The technical content begins in chapter2 with a review of signal analysis. Thisincludes both continuous and discreteFourier transforms, windowing, analysisof signals in the time domain, and otherproperties of acoustical signals.Chapter 3 is mainly a review of soundpropagation in rooms, the effect of roomson the sound power output of sources,sound radiation from plates, and reverberationroom theory. However, a portionof the chapter deals with the statistics ofrandom sound fields, transfer functionstatistics, and statistical phase analysis,important topics related to the active controlof sound fields.Chapter 4 is devoted to visualizationof sound fields, mainly through determinationof sound intensity. Topics coveredinclude visualization of sound fields ingeneral, and visualization of sound fieldsin the vicinity of sources.Having described the physical propertiesof sound fields, the authors, in Chapter5, turn to subjective and physiologicalresponses to sound. Much of the materialis related to subjective responses to soundin concert halls and the physical factorsthat govern these responses. A model ofthe auditory-brain system is proposed.In Chapter 6, the authors return to aphysical analysis of sound fields - thecontrol of sound fields in enclosedspaces. The analysis includes both passivecontrol and active control. An exampleof the former is proper placement ofa source in an automobile audio system,and an example of the latter is activeminimization of the sound power outputof a source in a reverberant space.The theme of sound field control iscontinued in Chapter 7 where the applicationsare related to the control of concerthall acoustics. Among the topicscovered are digital signal processing forthe control of sound fields in concerthalls, and the importance of interauralcross correlations in concert hall design.Community NoiseBirgitta Berglund and Thomas Lindvall,EditorsA document prepared for and to be availablefrom the WorldHealth Organization.Contact Professor Xavier Bonnefoy,World Health Organization, Regional Officefor Europe, 8 Scherfigsvej, DK­2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.103 pp., soft cover, no price availableThe introduction to this book underscoresthe importance of the community noiseproblem in Europe. Itis stated that almost25% of the European population is exposedto an equivalent 24-hour A­weighted sound level of 65 dB. This leveland the number of persons exposed indicatesthat community noise is a genuinepublic health problem.The book begins with an overview ofthe properties of sound waves, a definitionof sound pressure level, its measurement,and measures of loudness andloudness level. The various measures ofenvironmental noise are described, andshort descriptions of the properties ofvarious noise sources are described, forexample, road traffic noise and aircraftnoise.Next, a summary is given of the hearingmechanism and the auditory system,and the effects of noise on humans aredescribed. This includes hearing loss inindustrial situations and various other effectssuch as the effects of noise in thecommunity, the effects of noise on mentalhealth, and the effects of noise on taskperformance. Other sections deal with theeconomic costs of noise, and the variousmethods for the measurement of noiseexposure.A final chapter is devoted to guidelinevalues. Guidelines are given for specificeffects of noise, including interferencewith communications, noise inducedhearing loss, sleep disturbance effects,annoyance effects, and many others.This volume does not attempt to givea "stand alone" summary of the results ofresearch in the field. Rather, it is a summaryof research results and a carefullyreferenced guide to the effects of noise onhumans and animals. It contains morethan 750 references to the scientific literature.There are two short appendices,one devoted to control of noise and theother to definitions.Beranek's "Noise and Vibration Control" Is AvailableThe RevisedEdition (1988) of this now-classical1971 text "Noiseand Vibration Control" has been publishedby the Instituteof Noise Control Engineering of the USA, and is still available from INCElUSA. This revised edition has been updated toincludemodernmethodsfor the determination of machinery noise emission. Thechapteron noise criteriahas beencompletelyrevisedto reflectcriteriaforcontrolof buildingair systemnoiseandcriteriafor controlof noisearoundhighwaysand airports.This text, edited by Leo L. Beranek, is availablefor usn 38. Overseas ordersmust add usn22 ifshipmentoverseasis to be madeby air. ContactINCElUSA, P.O. Box 3206 Arlington Branch, Poughkeepsie, NY 12603,USA. Telephone: +1 9144624006; FAX: +19144630201.50 NoiselNews International 1996March

Product NewsA Hand-held Multipurpose Instrumentfor HVAC Acoustics. LarsonDavis Laboratories has announced newoptions to make its Model 2800 andModel 2900 analyzers the first instrumentssuitable for all aspects of HVACacoustical measurementsThe small, lightweight and rugged battery-poweredunits are said to meet theneeds of acoustical consultants, engineersand technicians because the unitsallow fast and accurate measurements.Both instruments are Type 1 (precision),meeting ANSI S lA, IEC 651 and IEC804.The Model 2800 and Model 2900 allowmeasurements of HVAC systemnoise from diffusers, PTACs, mixingboxes, and all other components and thenprovides the operator a means to rapidlyevaluate indoor criteria based onASHRAE guidelines, NEBB measurementprocedure and the newest ANSIStandard S12.2 on room criteria. Both RC(Room Criteria) and NC (Noise Criteria)can be calculated and plotted by pressinga button. The Model 2900 also meets thenewest proposed AMCA standard on deterininingsound power with sound intensity.Also, both AMCA and HVI loudnessmeasures (using the Stevens method,ANSI S3A) are evaluated in the analyzer.The Model 2800 is a single channelinstrument providing octave and 1/3 octaveband real-time digital filters and 800line FFT analysis. The Model 2900 is adual channel unit that extends the functionsof the Model 2800 to include transferfunction, sound intensity and others.A variety of Windowsrv-based softwarepackages are available to further automateand enhance application of theseinstruments for building acoustics, noisecontrol, determination of sound powerand vehicle passby noise measurements.For further information contact JohnCarey, Director of Marketing, LarsonDavis Incorporated, 1681 West 820North, Provo, UT 84601, USA. Telephone:+1 801 3750177; FAX: +1 801375 0182. Circle Reader ServiceNumber 50.lAC Completes AircraftlEngine HushHouse for Portuguese Air Force. TheIndustrial Acoustics Company (lAC), ofStaines, UK, has just completed the constructionof a combined F-16/A-7 hushhouse for the Portuguese Air Force. Thefacility is located approximately 130 kmnorth of Lisbon at one of the Air Force'smain strike bases at Monte Real. It iscapable oftesting FIOO and TF30 enginesboth installed in their aircraft and uninstalledon a test stand. The hush house ­so named for its ability to reduce the veryhigh noise levels generated by enginesunder test to no more than a loud humoutside - exceeds the project's acousticspecification in cutting noise emissions to70dB(A) at 200 metres.The facility's main test cell is 25 metreslong by 20 metres wide and constructedfrom a steel frameworkcontaining modular acoustical panels.The inner faces of the panels are madefrom perforated stainless steel, for maximumsound absorption and corrosion resistance.At the front of the cell is a set oflarge, electrically-operated acousticaldoors which provide access for both aircraftand engines.The facility has two separate controlrooms from which engine test routinesare set up and observed. These roomshave very high noise reduction propertiesto allow control room personnel to runengines up to full power in comfort andsafety. While an F-16 running at maximumre-heat emits a noise level of overl40dB(A), just a few metres away, insidethe control room, the noise level is below65dB(A).The Portuguese hush house is not solelycapable of testing the F-16, A-7 and theirengines. It will accommodate a wide varietyof aircraft, including the F-15, F-l11,FI05/6, F-5 and A10and engines includingthe J85, 179,175, FIOO, TF4l and TF30.lAC says that it is this flexibility tohandle a broad cross-section of aircraft/enginetypes, coupled with its abilityto reduce noise pollution effectively,that makes a hush house such a versatileand complete solution to the problem ofaero-engine testing. The company is currentlyproviding both military and commercialcustomers with other types of testfacilities - including ground run-uppens and APU test cells - a locations inKuwait, Pakistan, USA., UK, and theNetherlands.For more information contact SimonWhite or George Dawson, IndustrialAcoustics Company Ltd., Walton House,Central Trading Estate, Staines, MiddlesexTW18 4XB, United Kingdom. Telephone:+44(0) 1784456251; Fax: +44(0)1784 463303. Circle Reader ServiceNumber 51.New FourPage ColorBrochureon AircraftRun-up Pens. The IndustrialAcoustics Company has released its newbrochure describing its run-up pens usedfor aircraft noise reduction during maintenanceand test. The 4-page color brochureshows photos of several facilitiesfor both military and civilian aircraft.Case histories and test data are describedfor locations in the U.S.A. and abroad.Also described are the lAC Hush­Houses, used when aircraft testing needsto be done during harsh weather conditions,with security in mind, or when severeacoustical criteria in theneighborhood must be met. The Hush­Houses do not affect the performancecharacteristics of the engines.For further information contact JohnHandley, Industrial Acoustics Company,1160 Commerce Avenue, Bronx, NY10462. Telephone: +1 718 931 8000;FAX: +1 718 863 1138. Circle ReaderService Number 52.E-A-R Specialty Composites OffersFree Product Guide. E-A-R SpecialtyComposites' newly published ProductGuide, available on request, providesconcise information about the company'scomplete range of materials for noise,vibration, shock and motion control andfor comfort management and cushioning.This l6-page booklet groups the materialsby family - Absorbing Foams,Barriers, Barrier Composites, Damping1996 MarchNoiselNews International51

and Isolation Materials, Grommets andMounts, ISOLOSS® LS Foams, CON­FORTM Foams and In-Plant EnclosureProducts - and lists the standard sizesavailable. It also includes a brief descriptionof each product.Headquartered in Indianapolis, E-A-RSpecialty Composites is a manufacturerof materials that control noise, vibrationand shock, and that provide high performancepadding and cushioning. The company'smaterials are used to controlunwanted mechanical energy in OEMproduct designs, including electronicsand electromechanical equipment, precisionequipment, appliances, industrialmachinery, aircraft and vehicles of alltypes. E-A-R materials have numerousphysical-protection uses in medical andhealth care products.A free copy ofE-A-R's Product Guideis available from E-A-R Specialty Composites,7911 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis,IN 46268. Telephone: +1 317 692FREE Economicalarray kits,technical starting atliteratureCA L L1·800­860-48671776 ~ k nt Of AvenueSuit e 1 7 0Clncinnutl, Ohlo452 12 · 352 1U.S .A .AcquireAcousticInformationin an Instant!16channels,available at .-..;' ......__,."$79 per microphone.•Idealfor combined structural-acoustictesting,soundPressure surveys, andlim acoustic holography.•T ilE Acousticel" microphoneMOD AL array setsuponce andtestsS HOP several configurationsquickly.I N C . ~/ h:-Fax: 513·458·2172Reader Service Number 111111; FAX: +1 317 692 3111. CircleReader Service Number 53.Equipment Mobility, Portability KeyLions of Missouri Public Service HearingConservation Program. Transportablevans outfitted as audiometric testingclinics are enabling the Lions of Missourito offer a free hearing screening serviceto residents of that state.Built by Mobile Medical Innovationsof Greenville, PA, a typical van is commodiousenough to accommodate twoportable low-weight audiometric testbooths from Industrial Acoustics Company.Weighing just 650 lb. (295 kg), thecompletely self-contained lAC boothsprovide the calibrated acoustical environmentnecessary for realizing validaudiograms.Traveling throughout Missouri on ascheduled basis, the van sets up shop inlocations of public assembly such asschools, senior citizens centers, retailingmalls and sites of special events like theMissouri State Fair. Manned by trainedvolunteers from local Lions Clubs, thebooths and computerized audiometersscreen the hearing of persons of all ages.Individuals whom testing reveals have ahearing problem are advised to seek furtherexamination by a certified audiologist.A multi-faceted effort, the Lions ofMissouri Hearing Conservation Programin addition to the free-of-chargeaudiometric screening provides, on a nofeebasis, hearing aids to indigent patients,sponsors individuals forhearing-related surgery, collects usedhearing aids, and promotes hearingawareness (conservation) education.Funding for the program is supportedby local Lions Clubs donations and by anannual sweepstakes campaign. For furtherinformation contact Ellis E. Singer,Industrial Acoustics Company, 1160Commerce Avenue, Bronx, NY 10462.Telephone: +1 718 931 8000; FAX: +1718 863 1138. Circle Reader ServiceNumber 54.New Doors are Introduced. JamisonDoor Company has reintroduced twoJamisonic® Series 2000-H Sound Re-duction Doors with newly acquired threehourUL class A fire labels. They are saidto be the first 2-3/4" thick hollow metaldoors ever offered with both tested andcertified STC ratings of 55, and with ULfire labels.The Jamisonic Series 2000-H1 and H2doors offer attractive appearance andease of operation, said to make them idealfor higher-traffic locations demandingexcellent levels of sound reduction andfire containment. Both doors includecam-lift hinges for superior acousticalsealing, and attractive architectural hardware.Sound testing and certificationwere performed by Riverbank AcousticalLaboratories. Fire door testing was doneat Research Triangle Park in North Carolina.For further information contact JamisonDoor Company, Hagerstown, MD21740, USA. Telephone: +1 800 5323667. Circle Reader Service Number55.Ultra-Quiet ICP® Seismic Accelerometer.PCB Piezotronics, Inc., introducesModel 393B31 seismicaccelerometer for continuous measurementof low-level, low-frequency vibrationof buildings, bridges and other largestructures. The unique "flex-tensional"sensing design, coupled with ultra-quietbuilt-in electronics, provide excellentbroadband resolution while minimizingthe effect of thermal transients. This sensorhas a high, 10V/g output and respondsaccurately from 0.2 to 2000 Hz (± 5%),making it ideal for seismic anomaly detection.Standard case-isolated designprotects the sensor from ground loops andother environmental noise, while the rugged2-pin military style connector ensuresreliable connections in harshenvironments. Model 393B31 can beused directly with FFT analyzers, vibrationmeters and data collectors that provideconstant current ICP® excitation.For additional information, contactPCB's applications engineering group,PCB Piezotronics, Inc., Attn: AndreaMohn, 3425 Walden Avenue, Depew, NY14043. Telephone: +1 716 684 0001,FAX: +1 716 684 0987. Circle ReaderService Number 56.52 NoiselNews International 1996 March

INCE UpdateThe Boards of Directors of International INCE andINCEIUSA welcome the opportunity afforded by this departmentof NNI to bring readers up to date on the activitiesof the two organizations. Published here are reports onactions taken and planned by the two Boards, activities ofcommittees, summaries of discussions and decisions ofgeneral interest, etc. Announcements and reports of themajor conferences ofl-INCE and INCE/USA will be foundin other NNI departments. It is the intent of this departmentto keep the reader informed of what's going on within thetwo organizations that jointly share the responsibility forthe publication of Noise/News International.USAINCEIUSAElects New Officers and Directors. At its meetingon 1996 January 14, the Board of Directors of the Institute ofNoise Control Engineering of the USA elected new officers anddirectors for 1996. Richard 1.Peppin of Larson Davis, Inc. waselected president-elect of the Institute. At the Annual Meetingofthe Institute which was held on the same day, Mr. Peppin wasalso elected as a director for 1996. He will serve in 1996 aspresident-elect, as president of INCEIUSA in 1997, and willcontinue to serve as a director for two additional years, 1998and 1999. David M. Yeager of Motorola, Inc. served as president-electin 1995, and is serving as the 1996 president. He willalso serve as a director in 1997 and 1998.The INCE/USA Board of Directors elected Joseph M.Cuschieri of the Florida Atlantic University as vice president ­technical activities, and Robert J. Bernhard of Purdue Universityas vice president - publications. Edward M. Clark of OstergaardAcoustical Associates, was re-elected as vice president ­membership, and William 1. Cavanaugh of Cavanaugh TocciAssociates was re-elected vice president - public relations.William K. Connor, consultant in acoustics, and James G.Seebold, Chevron Corporation, were re-elected as secretary andtreasurer, respectively.The election of three new directors elected by the votingmembers was certified at the Annual Meeting of the Institute.The new directors, who will serve for a three-year term, areWarren E. Blazier, Jr. of Warren Blazier Associates, Paul A.Donavan of General Motors, and Daniel A. Quinlan of AT&TBell Laboratories.INCEIUSAEstablishes a Home Page on the Internet. In 1995November, INCEIUSA established a home page at two sites on theWorld Wide Web for a 60-day evaluation of the performance of thetwo sites.The pages at the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) givenbelow will continue to be updated. When this issue of Noise/NewsInternational went to press, the following information was availablethrough links to the home page which has the URL:http://users.aol.com/inceusa/ince.htmlMembership Information• Information on membership in INCEIUSA.• A telephone/FAX directory and an e-mail directory forINCEIUSA members.Technical Activities• Mission statements for the INCE Technical Groups.Employment Opportunities• An initial listing ofjob openings. Organizations that have jobopenings, or individuals seeking employment in noise controlare encouraged to submit a 50-word statement via email(INCEUSA@aol.com) for posting. Note that this is an openforum.INCE Conferences and Conference Proceedings• Information on the availability of the proceedings ofthe pastNOISE-CON conferences and INTER-NOISE congresses.• Information about the INTER-NOISE 96 Congress, includinga link to the INTER-NOISE 96 home page, and informationon the NOISE-CON 96 conference.Publications• A list of books on noise control and further links to summariesof their content.• Classified indices to NNI and Noise Control EngineeringJournal (beginning with Volume 42) with further links toabstracts of NCEJ papers.• An article on subject classification in noise control engineeringand a glossary of terms used in noise control.International Institute of Noise Control Engineering• A directory of International INCE Member Societies withadditional links to member society profiles where available.• A world wide calendar of events in noise control and aspecialized meetings calendar.Links to Professional Societies and Other Organizations• Links to the Acoustical Society of America home page, andlinks to other societies concerned with noise.• A link to ASA test sites on noise and standards. The lattercontains links to the Standards News department publishedin this magazine.• Links to standards organizations.Twenty-five special sessions planned for NOISE-CON 96.NOISE-CON 96, the 1996 National Conference on Noise ControlEngineering, will be held at the Hyatt Regency BellevueHotel in Bellevue, Washington, USA on 1996 September 30­October 02. Planning for the meeting is in progress. The deadlinefor receipt of abstracts has passed, and 164 abstracts havebeen received, a record for a NOISE-CON conference. Twenty-1996 March NoiselNews International 53

five special sessions on all aspects of noise control are beingplanned. It is expected that three sessions on military noiseproblems will be held - in cooperation with the U.S. Departmentof Defense and the NATO Committee on the Challenges ofModem Society (CCMS).A major exhibition of equipment and materialsis being planned.Travel planning information, a hotel reservation form, a conferenceregistration form, and a list of paper titles accepted for presentationwill be published in the 1996 June issue of this magazine.The following two items have been reprinted from the 1995December issue ofthis magazine because oftheir importancein planning for NOISE-CON 96. - Ed.INCEIUSANoise Control Demonstration to be Held in Conjunctionwith NOISE·CON 96. The Institute of Noise ControlEngineering of the USA has announced that a special session onNoise Control Demonstration Devices will be held in conjunctionwith its 1996 National Conference on Noise Control Engineering,NOISE-CON 96 -to be held in Bellevue, Washingtonon 1996 September 29 - October 02. Participation by representativesfrom industry, government, and academia is welcome.Participants are encouraged to consider both active andpassive means to illustrate the roles of such factors as insulation,absorption, radiation, vibration isolation, damping, fan-ductgeometry, machine tool geometry, etc. in noise control. A specialobjective of this session is to identify relatively simple andinexpensive devices that are capable of demonstrating one ormore of the basic principles of noise control.Brief presentations will be made concerning the principlesto be demonstrated and their significance - along with descriptionsof the demonstration equipment and its operation.Entries from academia will be judged, and monetary prizeswill be awarded based on their demonstrated effectiveness aswell as their general suitability for classroom use. Writtendescriptions and information sufficient for reproduction by othersmust accompany competition entries. Competition rules andadditional information about NOISE-CON 96 are availablefrom the Institute of Noise Control Engineering, P.O. Box 3206Arlington Branch, Poughkeepsie, NY 12603.INCEIUSA to Sponsor Student Paper Prize Competition.INCEIUSA has announced that the eighth annual Student PaperPrize Competition will be held in conjunction with NOISE­CON 96. The student awards will be presented at the conference.The competition is open to students who are registered atU.S. colleges and universities.The 1996 Competition will be the eighth sponsored by INCE.The first presentations were made at INTER-NOISE 89, alsoheld in Newport Beach, California in December, 1989. Up tofive awards will be given to students who submit six-pagemanuscripts directly related to noise control engineering. Winningentries will be selected by a judging committee appointedby 1995 INCE President Louis C. Sutherland, and each willreceive a cash award of USD 1000 as well as a complimentaryregistration at the conference. If an expanded version of thepaper is later published in the Institute's peer-reviewed technicalpublication, Noise Control Engineering Journal, the studentwill receive an additional USD 500 award.Competition rules and additional information about NOISE­CON 96 are available from the Institute of Noise ControlEngineering, P.O. Box 3206 Arlington Branch, Poughkeepsie,NY 12603. The deadline for receipt of manuscripts for thestudent competition is 1996 June 14.International INCEFirst Announcement - INTER·NOISE 97. INTER-NOISE97, The 1997 International Congress on Noise Control Engineering,will be held at the Technical University of Budapest,in the capital of Hungary, from 1997 August 25 to 27. TheCongress is sponsored by the International Institute of NoiseControl Engineering, and is being organized by the AcousticalCommission of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and theHungarian Scientific Society for Optics, Acoustics, MotionPictures, and Theater Technology.INTER-NOISE 97 will be the twenty-sixth in a series of internationalconferences on noise control engineering that have beenheld all over the world since 1972. The theme of INTER-NOISE97 is Help Quiet the Worldfor a Higher Quality Life.The Announcement and Call for Papers will appear in the1996 June issue of this magazine.A major acoustical equipment, materials, and instrumentexhibition will be held in conjunction with INTER-NOISE 97.The exhibition will include materials and devices for noisecontrol as well as instruments such as sound level meters,acoustical signal processing systems, and equipment for activenoise control.Programs for accompanying persons and social activities forall delegates will be organized.For more information on NOISE-CON 97, please contact theCongress Secretariat, OPAKFI, Fo u. 68, H-1027 Budapest,Hungary. The FAX number is +3612020452.ACTIVE 97 to be Held in Conjunction with INTER·NOISE97. After receipt of an invitation from Hungary, and discussionswithin the Board of Directors ofINCEIUSA, it has been decidedto hold ACTIVE 97, the 1997 International Symposium onActive Control of Sound and Vibration in Hungary on 1997August 21-23, just prior to INTER-NOISE 97. Technical paperscovering all aspects of active control of sound and vibration willbe covered, and the format will be similar to that used forACTIVE 95 which was held in Newport Beach, California in1995 July, just prior to INTER-NOISE 95.The institutions organizing of ACTIVE 97 will be the sameas those for INTER-NOISE 97. However, Fulop Augusztinoviczof the Catholic University ofLeuven, Leuven, Belgiumwill be the General Chairman, and Joachim Scheuren of MullerBBM in Munich, Germany will be the Co-Chairman. An Announcementand Call for Papers will appear in the 1996 Juneissue of this magazine. Further information on ACTIVE 97 maybe obtained from the Secretariat at the address given under theannouncement directly above.54 Noise/News International 1996 March

World Conference CalendarThis calendar includes major conferenceswhich feature programs on noise and itscontrol. The working language of eachconference will be English, unless otherwisenoted . This calendar does not includ eseminars, short courses, workshops andother small, specialized meeting s whichare listed elsewhere. The shaded entrie s inthe calendar are conferences which areorgani zed or spon sored by I-INCE orINCE/USA . Entries for this calendar aresolicited from the I-INCE Member Societiesand from other organizations. In orderfor a listing to appear in this calendar,information must be provided by the conferenceorganizers concerning the sessionsplanned for the technical program that willbe devoted to noise and its control. This isparticularly important if the word noisedoes not appear in the name or theme ofthe conference. Send reque sts for listing sof future meetings with required details to:World Conference Calendar, INCElUSA,P.O . Box 320 6 Arlington Br an ch,Poughkeepsie, NY 12603, USA. FAX +19144739325.1996 April 01-04Forum Acusticum, European AcousticsAssociation, Antwerp, Belgium.*Contact: C. Mortelmans, Desguinlei 214,Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-2018 Antwerpen,Belgium. Telephone: +32 3 2160996; FAX: +3232160689.1996 May 06-0817th AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference,State College, Pennsylvania, USA. *Contact: L.N. Long, Dept. of AerospaceEngineering, 233M Hammond Bldg.,Pennsylvania State University, UniversityPark, PA 16802, USA. Telephone: +1814865 1172; FAX: +1 8148657092;e-mail: Inl@cac.psu.edu1996 May 13-17131st Meeting of the Acoustical Societyof America, Indianapolis, Indiana,USA.* Contact: Elaine Moran, AcousticalSociety of America, 500 SunnysideBlvd., Woodbury, NY 11797, USA. Tele-phone: +1 5165762360; FAX: +1 5165762377.1996 May 18-24American Industrial Hygiene Conferenceand Exposition, Washington, D.C.,USA.* Contact: C. Tobin, AIHA, 2700Prosperity Avenue, Suite 250, Fairfax, VA22031, USA. Telephone: +1 703 8498888; FAX: +1 703 207 3561; e-mail:ctobin @aiha.org1996 May 23-25Acoustical Measurements - Methodsand Instruments, Moscow, Russia.* Contact: Russian AcousticalSociety, N.N. Andreyev Acoustics Institute,4, Shvernik st., Moscow117036, Russia. Telephone: +7 095 1267401; FAX: +7 095 1268411; e-mail:bvp@asu.acoins.msk.su1996 May 28-31Noise & Planning '96: InternationalConference on Acoustics Applied toPlanning, Pisa, Italy. Contact: G. Lombardi,via Bragadino 2, 20144 Milano,Italy. Telephone: +392480 18833; FAX:+392480 18839.1996 June 12-14Nordic Acoustical Meeting, NAM 96,Helsinki, Finland.* Contact: NAM, HelsinkiUniversity of Technology, AcousticsLaboratory, Otakaari 5A, 02150Espoo, Finland. FAX: +358 460224; e­mail: nam96@hut.fi.1996 June 12-1424th Annual Meeting, Italian AcousticalAssociation, Trento, Italy.* Contact:A. Giacomazzi, Provincia Autonoma diTrento, via Mantova 16, 38100 Trento,Italy. FAX: +39461 236574.1996 June 24-274th International Congress on Soundand Vibration, St. Petersburg, Russia.Contact: M.J. Crocker, Dept. of MechanicalEngineering, 202 Ross Hall, AuburnUniversity, AL 36849-5341. Telephone:+1 3348443310; FAX: +1 3348443306;e-mail: mcrocker@eng.auburn.edu1996 July 31-August 2INTER-NOISE 96, the 1996 InternationalCongress on Noise ControlEngineering, Liverpool , Eng land.Contact: C.M. Mackenzie, Institute ofAcoustics, P.O. Box 320, St. Albans,Hens, AL I IPZ, UK. Telephone: + I44 1727 848195; FAX: +1 44 1727850553.1996 September 23-253rd Transport Noise Symposium, St.Petersburg, Russia. Contact: East-EuropeanAcoustical Association, MoskovskoeShosse 44, 196158 St. Petersburg,Russia. Telephone: +7 812 127 9348;FAX: +7 812 1279323.1996 September 25-28Building and Room Acoustics - 33rdConference on Acoustics, Prague,Czech Republic. * Contact: ABF, Secretariat33rd CA, Vaclavske nam. 31, 11121Praha 1, Czech Republic. Telephone: +422 231 9054; FAX: +42 2 231 8614; e­mail: 33ca@feld.cvut.cz1996 September 29-0ctober 2NOISE-CON 96, the 1996 NationalConference on Noise Control Engineering,Bellevue, Washington, USA.Contact: Engineering Professional Programs,3201 Freemont Avenue North,SeattleWA98103, USA. Telephone: +1206543 5539; Fax: + I 206 543-2352.1996 November 17·22Symposium on ThrbomachineryNoise,ASME International Congress(IMECE), Atlanta, Georgia. Contact: N.Humbad, Ford Motor Company,CCO/ITC Room G301, 15031 S. CommerceDrive, Dearborn, MI 48120, USA.Telephone: +I 313 3213 8243; FAX: +1313 594 1738; e-mail: nhumbad@for.com1996MarchNoiselNews International55

I•Do your work faster and moreaccurately with RTA's proven acousticalsoftware.Environmental Noise Model(ENM) is world-class . Now, the newWINDOWS version is even more so.Individually defined noise sources,ground effects, topography , wind andtemperature gradients, and barriers areall input on spreadsheets. Predictionsinclude contour maps and rankordering of noise sources.Also available are dB box for fastcomputing in acoustics, including STC ,TL and IIC. And dB ray for modelingacoustical paths in rooms. Alloperate on IBM compatibles.Be time- and value-conscious.Call today.SCANTEI INC.916 Gist AvenueSilver Spring, MD 20910Tel: (301)495-n38 • FAX-n39Reader Service Number 7Sound and VibrationFOR RENTOR LEASEInstrumentationTo help you meet today's capitalspendingconstraints, we will work withyou on whatever ittakes-Rental, Leaseor Lease Purchase - to get you theequipment you need.From single instruments to completesystems, we offer Outdoor NoiseMonitors, SLMs, FFTs, Dosimeters,RTAs, Tapping Machines, ReferenceSound Sources, DAT Recorders, Multiplexers,Human-BodyVibration Analyzers,Level Recorders, Microphones,Calibrators, and more.Our rental and lease plans are flexibleenough to meet your needs. Ourrates are reasonable. And you still getour expert engineeringassistance-evenpaid on-site personnel are available.Strike a deal with us. And get onwith your job.Call today.SCANTEK INC.916 Gist AvenueSliver Spring, MD 20910Tel: (301)495-n38 • FAXn39Reader Service Number 101996 December 02-06132nd Meeting of the Acoustical Societyof America, Honolulu, Hawaii,USA.* Contact: Elaine Moran, AcousticalSociety of America, 500 SunnysideBlvd., Woodbury, NY 11797, USA. Telephone:+1 516576 2360; FAX: +1 516576 2377.1997 June 16-18NOISE-CON 97, The 1997 NationalConference on Noise Control Engineering,State College, Pennsylvania,USA. Being arranged in cooperationwith the Acoustical Society of America.Contact: Institute of Noise Control Engineering, P.O. Box 3206Arlington Branch, Poughkeepsie, NY12603, USA. Telephone: +1 9144624006: FAX: +1 9144630201; email:INCEUSA@aol.com.1997 June 16-20133rd Meeting of the Acoustical Societyof America, State College, Pennsylvania,USA.* Contact: Elaine Moran,Acoustical Society of America, 500 SunnysideBlvd., Woodbury, NY 11797,USA. Telephone: +I 516576 2360; FAX:+1516576 2377.1997 August 21-23ACTIVE 97, The 1997 InternationalSymposium on Active Control ofSound and Vibration, Budapest.Hungary. Contact: ACTIVE 97 Secretariat,OPAKFI, Fa u. 68, H-1027 Budapest,Hungary. Telephone/FAX:+36 I 2020452.1997 August 25-27INTER- NOISE 97, the 1997 InternationalCongress on oise ControlEngineer ing, Budapest , Hung ary.Contact: OPAKFI, H-1027 Budapest,Fo u. 68, Hungary. TelephonelFAX:+36 I 2020452.1997 December 01·05134th Meeting of the Acoustical SocietyofAmerica,SanDiego,California,USA.*Contact:ElaineMoran,AcousticalSocietyof America, 500 Sunnyside Blvd., Woodbury,NY11797, USA. Telephone: +15165762360; FAX: +1 5165762377.1998 June 20·27International Congress on Acousticsand Meeting of the Acoustical Societyof America, Seattle, Washington, USA.*Contact: Elaine Moran, Acoustical Societyof America, 500 Sunnyside Blvd.,Woodbury, NY 11797, USA. Telephone:+1516576 2360; FAX: +15165762377.1998 October 12-16136thMeeting of the Acoustical Societyof America, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.*Contact: Elaine Moran, Acoustical Societyof America, 500 Sunnyside Blvd.,Woodbury, NY 11797, USA. Telephone:+1516576 2360;FAX: +15165762377.1998 November 16-20INTER-NOISE 98, the 1998 Int ernationalCongress on Noise ControlEngineering, Christchurch. ew Zealand.Contact: New Zealand AcousticalSociety, P.O. Box 11 81, Auckland,Z. FAX: +64 9 309 3540.1998 November 20Recreational Noise · Its Effects onMa n and on the Environment, AnInternational INCE and ICBENSymposium, Queenstown, New Zealand.Contact: P. Dickinson, ew ZealandMinistry of Health, POBox50 13, Wellington, New Zealand.Telephone:+644 496 2268; FAX: +64 4496 2340; e-mail: phi lip.dickinson@mohwn.synet.net.nz1998 November 22-277th International Congress on Noise asa Public Health Problem, Sydney, Australia. Contact : N. Carter, Nation alAcoustic Laboratories, 126 GrevilleStreet,Chatswood, NSW 2067, Australia.Telephone: +61 24126800; FAX: +61 24174709.1999 March 15-19Forum Acusticum and Meeting of theAcoustical Society of America, Berlin,Germany.* Contact: Elaine Mo ran ,Acoustical Society of America, 500 SunnysideBlvd. , Woodbury, NY 11797,USA. Telephone: +1 5165762360; FAX:+15165762377.*Sessions on noise are planned.

Standards News USA*Avril Brenig, Standards ManagerASA Standards Secretariat, Acoustical Society of America,120Wall Street, New York, NY 10005-3993. (Telephone: +12122480373; FAX: +1 2122480146)George S.K. WongAcoustical Standa rds Group, Institute for National Standards.National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario KIA OR6,Canada. (Telephone: + I 613 993 6 159; FAX: + I 613 9908765)American National Standards (ANSI Standards) developedby Accredited Standards Committees SI, S2, S3, and SI2 inthe areas of acoustics, mechanical vibration and shock,bioacoustics, and noise, respectively, are published by theAcoustical Society ofAmerica (ASA) through the AmericanInstitute ofPhysics (AlP). In addition to these standards, aCatalog ofAcoustical Standards -ASA Catalog 13-1995 isavailable. For a copy, contact Avril Brenig.Comments on all material in Standards News are welcome.Standards News from the United States(Partially derived from ANSI Reporter, and ANSI StandardsAction , with appreciation)Newly published American National StandardsANSI S3.7-1995 (ASA 112-1995), American National StandardMethod for Coupler Calibration of Earphones. The physicalconfiguration and acoustical performance of couplers for calibrationof supra-aural and insert earphones are specified. Thestandard which is a revision of S3.7-1973, describes a family of6.0 cm 2 and 2.0 cm 2 couplers, and provides information on themethods for coupler calibration of the re s~ective supra-auraland insert earphones. The family of 6.0 em couplers includesthe NBS 9-A Coupler for testing supra-aural earphones (ANSIS3.6-1989), the Type 1 Earphone coupler for testing supra-auralearphones without cushions, and the IEC Coupler for supraauralearphones. The family of 2.0 cm 2 couplers includes theHA-I Coupler for earphones mounted in an ear insert or an earconnected to an earmold or ear insert, the HA-3 Coupler fortesting the modular portion of a hearing aid, and a HA-4 couplerfor testing postauricular hearing aids or eyeglass hearing aidsassumed to have a uniform 1.93 em diameter sound path.Call for comment on American National StandardsThis section lists proposed American National Standards that'This is an edited version ofthe Standards News department published in the Journal ofthe Acoustical Society ofAmerica. Reprinted by permission. The full text appears in theJournal of the Acoustical Society ofAmerica, 98(3), 1250·1254, 1995 September. - Ed.solicit public comments and review. The final dates for offeringcomments, listed in parentheses, are for information only. Copiesof these documents are available from ANSI.ACOUSTICSBSR S1.26, Method for Calculation of the Absorption of Soundby the Atmosphere [revision of ANSI Sl.26-1978 (R I989)]Provides the means to calculate atmospheric absorptionlosses of sound from any source, moving or stationary, for awide range of meteorological conditions. The atmosphere isassumed to be still, homogeneous moist air of normal composition.Non-homogeneous atmospheres may be divided into horizontallayers within which homogeneous conditions may beassumed. Attenuation coefficients for pure-tone sounds are calculatedby means of equations (or a table) over ranges offrequency , and the humidity, pressure, and temperature of theatmosphere. For sounds analyzed by fractional-octave-bandfilters (e.g., one third-octave-band filters) alternative methodsare provided in annexes to calculate the attenuation caused byatmospheric absorption from that specified for pure-tonesounds. This standard was listed for public comment in the 1994October 28 issue of Standards Action. It is being resubmittedfor Public review owing to substantive changes to the text.(1995 June 27)BSR S3.40-1989, Guide for the Measurement and Evaluationof Gloves which Are Used to Reduce Exposure to VibrationTransmitted by Hand (reaffirmation of ANSI S3.40-1989)Specifies the recommended method for the measurement, dataanalys is, and reporting of vibration transmissibility characteristicsof gloves which are used to reduce vibration exposuretransmitted to the hand. A standard format is established formeasurement, data analysis, and reporting of handtransmittedvibration, in up to three orthogonal axes, in the frequency rangefrom 5.6 to 1400 Hz.LOUDSPEAKERSBSRlEIA SP-3406 (if approved, to be published as ANSIlEIA636), Recommended Loud speaker Safety Practices (new standard)Guide s manufacturers in the testing of loudspeakers for theexistence of specific potential hazards. The guidelines in thisdocument consist of loudspeaker specifications and tests thatrelate to specific safety issues only.Final actions on American National StandardsANSI's Board of Standards Review has taken the final actionindicated on the standard(s) listed below. When the approvedstandards are published, an announcement will be carried inStandards Action, in ANSI's Supplements to the Catalog ofAmerican National Standards, and in trade publications.1996 March Noise/News International 57

BIOACOUSTICSANSI S3.7-1995, Coupler Calibration of Earphones- revisionof ANSI S3.7-1976 (RI986) Approval date: 1995 March 10ANSI Acoustical Standards Board meets in WashingtonIn order to facilitate participation as members of ASA Committeeon Standards (ASACOS), the ANSI Acoustical StandardsBoard (ASB) under the chairmanship of Dr. Henning vonGierke, met during the meetings of the 129th Meeting of theAcoustical Society of America, in Washington. During themeeting of the ASB, highlight of the new approved ANSIprocedures for the development and coordination of AmericanNational Standards, and an update on the Vienna Agreement onthe exchange of technical information were discussed. The nextmeeting of the ASB is scheduled to be held on 1996 May 15, inIndianapolis, Indiana, together with the spring ASA meeting.Meetings of International Standards Working Groups inCaliforniaThe following International Standards Working Groups met inNewport Beach, CA, 1995 July 13-15:• IEcrrc 29/WG 4: Sound Level Meters.• IEcrrc 29/WG 17: Sound Calibrators-Test Procedures.• Isorrc 43/SC I/WG 28: Sound Power Levels of NoiseSources.Meetings of other working groups will be reported in thenext issue of Standards News.Standards News from Abroad(Partially derived from ANSI Reporter and ANSI StandardsAction, with appreciation)Newly published ISO and IEC Standards and TechnicalReportsThis section lists new and revised standards and technicalreports recently approved and promulgated by ISO and lEe.These documents together with catalog listing several thousandcurrent ISO and IEC standards are available from ANSI.IEC StandardsIEC 118-1: 1995-04 Hearing aids-Hearing aids with inductionpick-up coil input.IEC 1265: 1995-04 Electroacoustics-Instruments for measurementof aircraft noise-Performance requirements for systemsto measure one-third-octave band sound pressure levels innoise certification of transport-category aeroplanes.ISO StandardsISO 4869-2:1994: Hearing protectors-Part 2: Estimation ofeffective A-weighted sound pressure levels when hearing protectorsare wornISO 10844:1994: Acoustics-Specification of test tracks for thepurpose of measuring noise emitted by road vehiclesISO 3743-1:1994: Acoustics-Determination of sound powerlevels of noise sources-Engineering methods for small, movablesources in reverberant fields-Part 1:Comparison methodfor hard-walled test roomsISO 3744:1994: Acoustics-Determination of sound powerlevel of noise sources using sound pressure-Engineeringmethod in an essentially free field over a reflecting planeISO 389-3: 1994: Acoustics-Reference zero for the calibrationof audiometric equipment-Part 3: Reference equivalentthreshold force levels for pure tones and bone vibratorsISO 389-4: 1994: Acoustics-Reference zero for the calibrationof audiometric equipment-Part4: Reference levels for narrowbandmasking noiseISO and IEC Draft International StandardsThis section lists proposed standards that the International Organizationfor Standardization (ISO) and the International ElectrotechnicalCommission (1EC) are considering for approval.The proposals have received substantial support within thetechnical committees or subcommittees that developed themand are now being circulated to ISO and IEC members forcomment and vote. The final dates for offering comments, listedin parentheses, are for information only. Copies of these documentsare available from ANSI.Acoustics (TC 43) ISOIDIS 5135, Acoustics-Determinationof sound power levels of noise from air-terminal devices, airterminalunits, dampers and valves by measurement in a reverberationroom (revision ofISO 5135: 1984) (1995 July 30)ISOIDIS 6393, Acoustics-Measurement of exterior noiseemitted by earth-moving machinery-Stationery test conditions(revision ofISO 6393: 1985) (1995 July 16)ISOIDIS 6394, Acoustics-Measurement at the operators positionnoise emitted by earth-moving machinery-Stationary testconditions (revisionofISO 6394: 1985) (1995 July 16)Compressors, pneumatic tools and pneumatic machines(TC 118)ISOIDIS 8662-7, Hand-held portable power tools-Measurementof vibrations at the handle-Part 7: Wrenches, screwdriversand nut runners with impact, impulse or ratchet action (1995July 16)ISOIDIS 8662-10, Hand-held portable power tools-Measurementof vibrations at the handle-Part 10: Nibblers and shears(1995 July 16)ISOIDIS 8662-13, Hand-held portable power tools-Measurementof vibrations at the handle-Part 13: Die grinders (1995July 16)European drafts sent for CEN enquiryThe following European drafts have been sent to members ofthe European Committee for Standardization (CEN) , for enquiryand comment. If the draft is a proposed adoption of anInternational Standard, it is so noted. The final dates for offeringcomments, listed in parentheses, are for information only. Copiesof these documents are available from ANSI.AcousticsprEN 20140-1, Acoustics-Measurementof sound insulation in58 NoiseINews International 1996 March

uildings and of building elements-Part 1: Requirement forlaboratory test facilities with suppressed flanking transmission(ISOIDIS 140: 1995) (1995 July 09)prEN 20120-8, Acoustics-Measurement of sound insulation inbuildings and of building elements-Part 8: Laboratory measurementsof the reduction of transmitted noise by floor coveringson a solid standard floor (lSOIDIS 140-8: 1995) (1995 July16)ards Secretariat. Dates in parentheses are deadlines for submissionof comments and recommendation for vote, and they arefor information onlyTAGISO DocumentsPower ToolsprEN ISO 8662-7, Hand-held portable power tools-Measurementof vibrations at the handle-Part 7: Wrenches, screwdriversand nut runners with impact, impulse or ratcheting action(ISOIDIS 8662-7: 1995) (1995 August 16)prEN ISO 8662-10, Hand-held portable power tools-Measurementof vibrations at the handle-Part 10: Nibblers and shears(ISOIDIS 8662-10: 1995) (1995 August 16)prEN ISO 8662-13, Hand-held portable power tools-Measurementof vibrations at the handle-Part 13: Die Grinders(lSOIDIS 8662-13: 1995) (1995 August 16)European drafts sent for formal vote (for information)The following European drafts have been sent to CEN membersfor enquiry and comment. If the draft is a proposed adoption ofan International Standard, it is so noted.AcousticsprEN ISO 11691, Acoustics-Determination of insertion lossof ducted silencers without flow-Laboratory survey method(ISOIDIS 11691)Proposed foreign Government Regulations call forcommentThe information below about proposed foreign governmentregulations and certification requirements that could affect U.S.exports is provided to the U.S. Department of Commerce by thegovernments of countries that have signed the GATTAgreementon Technical Barriers to Trade (Standards Code). To obtain fullinformation, individuals should contact the Information Program,National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg,Maryland, USA.Netherlands: Portable Motorized Chain SawsProhibits the manufacture or import of motorized chain saws ofa nonapproved type for industrial use. Compliance of eachindividual motorized chain saw with the approved type shall beshown by a noise logo affixed to the tool and by a certificatewhich is to accompany the motorized chain saw in questionexceeds the maximum permitted noise capacity level uponinspection. The system of type approval is in keeping with thesystem applicable in a number of EC directives governing noiseoutput of certain appliances. (TBT notification number: 95.58.Final comment date: 1995 April 20. Proposed date of adoption:1995 October 01. Comment deadline: 1995 May 30).International documents submitted to the U.S. for voteand/or commentSome of the documents processed recently by the ASA Stand-S2S12ISOIDIS 5347-22-Methods for the Calibration ofVibration and Shock Pick-Ups-Part 22 (1995 June19)Draft Amendment ISO 4866-1990IDAM2-Mechanical vibration and shock-vibration ofbuildings-Guidelines for the measurement ofvibrations and evaluation of their effects onbuildings (1995 April 17)ISOIDIS 3746.1-Acoustics-Determination ofsound power levels of noise sources using soundpressure-survey method using an envelopingmeasurement surface over a reflecting plane (1995February 21)ISO/DIS 4871.2-Acoustics-Declaration andverification of noise emission values of machineryand equipment (Affirmative with comments)ISOIDIS 5135-Acoustics-Determination ofsound power levels of noise from Air-TerminalDevices, Air-Terminal Units, dampers and valves bymeasurement in a reverberation room (Affirmative)ISOIDIS 6393-Acoustics-Measurement ofexterior noise emitted by Earth-MovingMachinery-Stationary Test ConditionsISOIDIS 6394-Acoustics-Measurement at theoperators position noise emitted by Earth-MovingMachinery-Stationary Test Conditions (1995 June30)ISOIDIS 9612.2-Acoustics-Guidelines for theMeasurement and Assessment of exposure to noisein a working environment (1995 February 21)ISOIDIS 9613-2.2-Acoustics-Attenuation ofsound during propagation outdoors-Part 2: Generalmethod of calculation (Negative with comments)ISOIDIS 9614-2-Acoustics-determination ofsound power levels of noise sources using soundintensity. Part 2: Measurement by scanning(Affirmative with editorial)ISOIDIS 11691.2-Acoustics-Measurement ofinsertion loss of ducted silencers withoutflow-Laboratory survey method (1995 March 24)ISOIDIS 14605-Acoustics-Measurement ofairborne noise emitted by computer and businessequipment (a proposed revision of ISO 7779-1988)1995 February 28)1996 March NoiselNews International 59

TAGSlFirst ISO/CD 3747-Acoustics-Deterrnination ofsound power levels of noise sources using soundpressure-Engineering comparison method for usein an essentially reverberant field in situ (revision ofISO 3747-1987) (1995 February 21)First ISO/CD 4869-4IsorrC43/SCIN924-Acoustics-Hearingprotectors-Part 4: Method for the measurement ofthe steady state level dependency of electroacousticear muffs using a real-ear probe microphoneprocedure (Negative with comments)rec DocumentsDRAFfIEC1260-Electroacoustics-Octave-Band andFractional-Octave-Band Filters (1995 May 08)rsorc 29-First IEC/CD296-Electroacoustics-Sound Calibrators(Revision of IEC 942-1988, Including TestProcedures) (1995 May 08)isc/rc 29 (Secretariat) 279-Draft IEC 1094-3:Measurement microphones-Part 3: Primarymethod of free field calibration of laboratoryS3standard microphones by the reciprocity technique(Negative with comments )rsorc 29 (Central Office) 213-Draft 3rd editionof IEC 118-1: Hearing Aids-Part 1: Hearing Aidswith induction pick-up coil input (Negative withcomments)rsorc 29 (Central Office) 214-Draft IEC 645-3:Audiometers Part 3: Auditory test signals of shortduration for audiometric and neurootologicalpurposes (Negative with comments)IEcrrc 29 (Secretariat) 277-First CD: Couplerconfigurations for the calibration of audiometricearphones for the extended high-frequency range(Negative with comments) 29177B(Secretariat)281/138First IEC/CD U8-XX: Hearing aids. Part XX:electromagnetic compatibility for hearingaids-Immunity to radio frequency fields (Negativewith comments)rsorc 29 IEC 1670-Hearinginstruments-Digital interface (1995 March 24)Don't Inix and Inatch...Mix and match sound door systems giveyou less than you bargained for. To gettrue sound protection you need a completeacoustical system - doors, frame, seals,Overly Acoustical Door maintenance-freecam-lift hinges, glass andglazing materials - suchas you getwithOverly Acoustical Door Systems. BecauseSystems give you completeOverly is a custom door manufacturer, wecan design and build acoustical doorsystems to your exact specifications. Andsound attenuation. all ofOverly'sAcoustical Products have beentested ascomplete operable systems to the lateststandard, E90-90. So when you specify foran acoustical opening, don't mix andmatch. Specify Overly Acoustical DoorSystems for complete sound attenuation.MANUfACTURING COMPANYP.O. Box70Greensburg. PA 15601-0070(412) 834-7300FAX (412) 830-2871ReaderServiceNumber 1660 NoiselNews International 1996 March

NNI Directory._~~I'!l..s~~m~~~~~,",- ~l\. \' \ \ .'>l -,,-,~/ / / ·;1 r'\' . ~ \ \-- < -- - 1.:1)], - -- - -W' - - - - _., ['\,II'I }- - -- - -f or, - - --~\\\ \\ \ ///IN~Organizational and Editorial AddressesPresident,InternationalINCE: W.W.Lang. PO. Box 3067 ArlingtonBranch, Poughkeepsie, NY 12603, USA. FAX: +1 9144739325President, INCEIUSA: David M. Yeager, 2414 NW 36th Street, BocaRaton, FL 33431, USA. FAX: +1 9547234334Secretary-General, International INCE: A. Cops, CatholicUniversity of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium. FAX: +3216327984Managing Editor and Pan-American Editor: G. Maling, Jr.,INCEIUSA, P.O. Box 3206 Arlington Branch, Poughkeepsie, NY12603, USA. FAX: +19144630201European Editor: A. Cops, International INCE, Catholic Universityof Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Heverlee-Leuven, Belgium.FAX: +3216327984Asia-Pacific Editor: A. Lawrence, P.O. Box 78, Wahroonga, NSW2076, Australia. FAX: +61 24498694International INeE Member SocietiesAustralia: Australian Acoustical Society, Science Centre Foundation,Private Bag 1, Darlinghurst NSW 2010. FAX: +61 7 345 4892Austria: Osterreichischer Arbeitsring fur Larrnbekampfung,Wexstrasse 19-23, A-1200 Wien. FAX: +4313305925Belgium: Association Beige des Acousticiens, Belgische AkoestischeVereniging (ABAV), clo D. Soubrier, WTCB/CSTC, Mlle C. Godard,avo P. Holoffe 21, B-1342 Limelette. FAX: +3226530729Brazil: Sociedade Brasileira de Acustica, SOBRAC, Acoustics andVibration Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, ex P.476,Florian6polls, SC Brazil. FAX: +55 482 34 1524Canada: Canadian Acoustical Association, PO. Box 1351, Station F,Toronto, Ontario M4Y 2V9. FAX: +1613 954 1495China: Acoustical Society of China, 17 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing.FAX: +18612553898Czech Repuhlic: Czech Acoustical Society, Technicka Z,16627, Praha6. FAX: +422311 1786Denmark: Danish Acoustical Society, Lundtoftevej 100, Bldg.352-DTU, DK-2800 Lyngby. FAX: +45 42 88 05 77Finland: Acoustical Society of Finland, Acoustics Laboratory,Helsinki University of Technology, Otakaari 5A, SF-02150 Espoo.FAX: +358 0460224France: Societe Francaise D' Acoustique, 33, rue Croulebarbe, 75013Paris. FAX: +33 143317426Germany: Normenausschuss Akustik, Larrnminderung undSchwingungstechnik (NALS) im DIN und VDI, Postfach 101139,D-40002 DUsseldorf 1. FAX: +49211 6214 149Germany: Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Akustik, Carl von OssietzkyUniversitat, D-26111 Oldenburg. FAX: +494417983698Hong Kong: Hong Kong Institute of Acoustics, G.PO. Box 7261, HongKong. FAX: +852 2384 1178Hungary: Acoustical Commission of the Hungarian Academy ofSciences, Technical University, Chair of Electric Machines, EgryJozsef u. 18. 1111 Budapest XI. FAX: +36 1 1666808Hungary: OPAKFI, Laszlo Fuszfas, General Secretary. Fo U. 68, 1027Budapest. FAX: +36 12020452India: Acoustical Society of India, clo Dr. M. L. Munjal , IndianInstitute of Science, Department of Mechanical Engineering,Bangalore, Kamataka 560 012. FAX: +91 80334 1648Italy: AssociazioneItalianadiAcustica,InstitutodiAcusticaO.M.Corbino,Via Cassia 1216,1-00189 Roma. FAX: +39 6 3036 5341Japan: Acoustical Society of Japan, Ikeda Building, 2-7-7 Yoyogi,Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151. FAX: +81 3 33791456Japan: Institute of Noise Control Engineering of Japan, INCElJapan,c/o Kobayasi Institute of Physical Research, Higashimotomachi3-20-41, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185. FAX: +81 423 27 3847Korea: Acoustical Society of Korea, 635-4 Yucksam-Dong,Kangnam-Ku, Seoul 135-703. FAX: +82 2 569 9717Korea: Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering, 735 25Yuksam-dong, Kangnam-ku, Seoul, 135-080. FAX: +82 42 563 4853Lithuania: Lithuanian Acoustical Society,Kriviu S1. 15-2, Vilnius 2007.FAX: +3702223451Mexico: Sociedad Mexicana de Aciistica, Apaseo el Alto 21-2, Col.San Bartolo Atepehuacan, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, c.P. 07730,Mexico, D.E FAX: +52 5 752 6183Netherlands: Nederlands Akoestisch Genootschap, P.O. Box 162,2600 AD, Delft. FAX: +31 15 692111New Zealand: New Zealand Acoustical Society, PO. Box 1181,Auckland. FAX: +64 9 309 3540Norway: Acoustical Society of Norway, Acoustics Laboratory -ELAB,N-7034 Trondheim-NTH. FAX: +47 73 591412Poland: Committee on Acoustics of the Polish Academy of Sciences,Polska Akademia Nauk, Palac Kultury i Nauki, Skrytka pocztowa 24,00-901 WarszawaRomania: Academia Romana, Cornisia de Acustica, Calea Victoriei125,71102 Bucaresti. FAX: +40 I 3120209Russia: East-European Acoustical Association, Moskovskoe Shosse44,196158 St. Petersburg. FAX: +7 812 1279349Russia: Russian Acoustical Society, Andreev Acoustical Institute, ul.Shvernika dA, 117036, Moscow. FAX: +7 0951268411Singapore: Noise Section, The Environmental Engineering Society ofSingapore, Kent Ridge, P.O. Box 1007, Singapore 9111. FAX: +65 7791635SouthAfrica: Southern African Acoustics Institute, P.O.Box 912-169,Silverton 0129. FAX: +2712862856Sweden: Swedish Acoustical Society, c/o Tor Kihlman, Dept. ofBuilding Acoustics, Chalmers University of Technology, S-412 96Gothenburg. FAX: +46 317722212Switzerland: Schweizerische Gesellschaft fur Akustik, Postfach 251,8600 Diibendorf. FAX: +411 8234793United Kingdom: Institute of Acoustics, Agriculture House, 5Holywell Hill, St. Albans, Herts, ALl lEU. FAX: +44 1727 85 05 53U.S.A: Acoustical Society of America, 500 Sunnyside Blvd,Woodbury, NY 11797. FAX: +15165762377U.S.A: Institute of Noise Control Engineering of the U.S.A., PO. Box3206 ArlingtonBranch, Poughkeepsie, NY 12603.FAX:+1914463 0201Yugoslavia: Acoustical Society of Yugoslavia, clo Prof. P. Pravica,Elektrotehniki Fakultet, Bulevar Revolucije 73, 11000 Beograd62 NoiselNews International 1996 March

International Advertising ContactsBelow is a list of internationa l contacts for the advertisers in this issue. The telephone number is given first, and is followed by the FAXnumber where available. In cases where there are several telephone numbers per location, or several locations within a country, a colon(:) separates the telephone number( s) from its respective FAX number.Automated Analysis Cor porationAustria: Braincon Technologies, +43 132098260; +43 1320982619France: Dynamic Design Studios, +33 148652654; +33 1459117 10Japan: C. Itoh Techno-Science Corp., Ltd., +81 03 341 99074: +810334199169Korea: Fadam Technologies, Inc., +82255 693 II : +82 255 693 10;.lin Young Technology, Inc., +82 256 520 15: +82 256 822 50UK: Advanced Analysis Limited, +44 0403 218718; +44 0403218728Braunst ein & BerndtGermany: +49-(0) 7I95-178828; +49-(0) 7195-63265Australia: +6123374143l ACCanada: +1 (4 16) 845 8900: +1 (4 16) 845 7380; +1 (604) 929-7357:+1 (604) 929-4337; +1 (4 16) 847-7833: +1 (416) 847-7763; +1(514) 663-1440: +1 (514) 389-8450England: +44 784 456 251; +44 7784 463303Germ any: +49 216 3843133: +49 216 380618; +49 711 6805485:+49 6 226 2201Greece: +7792193; +77 53 627Hong Kong: +825578633; +82 897 0423Ind onesia: +62 21 570 5170; +62 21 570 6309Israel: +972 3 456 433: +972 3 5463290; +972 52 586 211: +972 52547244; +972 3 339 224: +972 3 333980J apan: +81 38319595, +81 38359658: (no FAX); +81453911906: (no FAX); +81 64734531: +81 64734558; +81 332717771: +81633281 1928Korea: +822846 2708: +82 8416634;+82 2 577 6451/6: +8225776457Ma laysia: +60 03 904 4611; +60 03 904 4600Netherlands Antillies: +599 9 611 987; +599 9 611 744Singapore: +65 291 7123; +65 292583 1South Afr ica: +27 622 1743; +27 622 1306Taiwan: +886 2 364 3456; +886 2 365 3434Thailand: +6625121438Thrkey: +90 1148 1 610Larson-Davis Laborator iesAustralia, Indonesia, Thailand, New Zea land, Malaysia: VipacInstruments, +61 36479700; +61 36464370Aust ria: LB-Electronics, +43 1 367660; +43 I 3698443Belgium , Luxemburg : Akron, +32 2 757 0351; +32 2 757 0607Brazil: Oceanites, + 55 313328100; +55313328090Canada : Dalimar Instruments, Que (514) 424 0033; (514) 424 0030Ont: (905) 508 8345; (905) 508 8344Chile: Sisemas de Instrumentacion , +562 696 00 31; +562 696 96 65France: Elexo, +33 I 693 02 880; +33 I 69306851Ge rmany: Ing. Buro Groninger, +49 6172 72172; +49 6172 74618India: AlphaTech Services, +91 11545 1700; +91 11675925Ireland: Industrial & Marine Acoustics, +353 4125647; +353 4125743Ital y: Spectra SRL, +39 39 287 24 22; +39 39 287 24 30Japan: Toyo Corporation, +81 3 5688 6800; +81 3 5688 6900Netherlands: Acoutronics, +31 162024421; +31 162025652PR C, RO C: Samwell Testing, PRC: +861 4276783; +8614276784RO C: +866 6488455; +866 6483024Portugal: Decada, +35 1 1410 3420; +351 14101844Russia: Octava-, +7 095 489 8694; + 7095 404 61 19South Africa: Spescom, +27 II 3150757; +27 II 805 1192South Korea: Vico International, +822 5712493; +822 571 2495Spain: Deinsa, +345 440 7300; +345 440 7304Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Norway : Acoutronic, +468 765 0280;+468 731 02 80Switzerland, Hungary, Yugoslavia : AnadaAG,+41 0 I 810 30 22;+41018104345Th ailand: Executive Training, +66 2 514 1621; +66 2 530 0464UK: Larson Davis Ltd., +44 642 491565; +44 642 490809Venezuela: FranCa World Trading, +58 2 284 9770; 58 2 284 9770NIT DistributorsAustra lia: +61062688272; +61 062688276Czech Republic: +4202752641 ; +42 02 752 691France: +33 I 6941 2424; +33 I 6941 31 27Germany: +49 089 6088 3599; +49 089 6088 3399Hun gary: +3601 186 8952; +36 01 1869852Israel: +972 03 536 1411; +972 03 536 1412Italy: +3935235685; +39 35 21 21 94Japan: +81 03 5978 5420; +81 03 5978 5440Japan: +81 03 5420 7314; +81 03 5420 7320Korea: +82 02 423 9036; +82 02 412 7355Spain: +34 I 3862222; +34 I 38645 80Sweden: +46 08 655 3003; +46 08 655 3007Taiwan, RO C: +88602648 8455; +886 02 648 3024Thrkey: +90 224 250 84 54; +90 224 350 84 57UK: +44 0742 82314 1; +44 0742 823150USA: +1 810 9525664; +1 810 952 1610O verly M anufactur ingKor ea: +82 2 266 1962; +82 2 266 19641996 March NoiselNews International 61

InternationallNCE Sustaining MembersBond voor Materialenkennis, Postbus 390, 330 AJ Zwijndrecht, TheNetherlandsBriiel & Kjer A1S Skodsborgvej 307, DK 2850 Narum, DenmarkLMS International NV, Numerical Integration Technologies NV,Interleuvenlaan 68,3001 Leuven, BelgiumCEL Instruments Ltd., 35 Bury Mead Road, Hitchin, Herts SOS IRT,United KingdomNorsonic AS, P.O.Box 24, 3408 Tranby, NorwayRion Co., Ltd., Higashimotomachi 3-20-41, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185,JapanInternational INCE Institutional MembersArgentina: Centro de Investigaci6n en Aciistica del Sistema INTI,Parque Techno16gico Miguelete, Cassilla de Correo 157, 1650 - SanMartin, Provincia de Buenos Aires.Belgium: Laboratorium voor Aoestiek en Therrnische Fysica, K.U.,Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee.France: Centre Technique des Industries Mechanique, 52 AvenueFelix Louat, BP 67, 60304 Senlis.Japan: Sone Lab., R.I.E.C., Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira,Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980.Portugal: Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Ministerio dasObrasPublicas,Transportese Communicacoes, Av. do Brasil 101,1799Lisboa.Russia: Noise Control Association of the Baltic State TechnicalUniversity,c/o Professor N.1. Ivanov, l-st.Krasnoarmejskaja 1, 198005St. PetersburgSweden: Department of Applied Acoustics, Chalmers University ofTechnology,S-412 96 Gothenburg.U.S.A.: Graduate Program in Acoustics, The Pennsylvania StateUniversity, University Park, PA 16802.AcknowledgmentsThe Board ofDirectors ofINCEIUSA expresses its sincere appreciation to the Acoustical Society ofAmerica for its supportand coopera tion in the publication of Noi selNews (1972-92) , and NoiselNews International since its ince ption in 1993. TheBoard also gratefully acknowledges the financial assistanc e given by the members of the INCE/USA Liaison Program:ACO Pacific, Inc., Belmont. CaliforniaAT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill. New JerseyBolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, MassachusettsBriiel and Kjrer Instruments, Decatur; GeorgiaChevron Corporation, San Francisco. CaliforniaDigital Equipment Corporation, Maynard. MassachusettsIndustrial Acoustics Company, Bronx. New YorkIBM Corporation, Armonk. NYNoise Control Engineering, Inc., Billerica, MassachusettsOverly Manufacturing Company, Greensburg, PennsylvaniaQuest Technologies, Inc., Oconomowoc, WisconsinScantek, Inc., Silver Spring. MarylandThe Pennsylvania State University, State College. PennsylvaniaTracor, Inc., Austin. TexasWyle Laboratories, Arlington. V irginiaThe Board of Directors ofInternational INCE gratefully acknowledges the support being given by the follow ing SustainingMembers and Institutional Members of Intern ational INCE:Sustaining MembersBond Voor Materialenkennis, Zwijndrecht, The NetherlandsBriiel and Kjrer, Narum, DenmarkLMS International, NV Numerical Integration Technologies NV, Heverlee, BelgiumCEL Instruments, Ltd., Hitchin, Herts, United KingdomNorsonic AS, Tranby, NorwayRion Company, Ltd., Tokyo. JapanInstitutional MembersArgentina: Centro de Investigacion en Acustica, Buenos AiresBelgium: Laboratorium voor Akoestiek en Thermische Fysica, LeuvenFrance: Centre Technique des Industries Mechanique, SenlisJapan: Sone Lab.• R.I.E.C.. Tohoku University. SendaiPortugal: Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil. LisboaRussia: Noise Control Association ofthe Baltic State University. St. PetersburgSweden: Department ofApplied Acoustics. Chalmers University ofTechnology. GothenburgUSA: Graduate Program in Acoustics. The Pennsylvania State University. State College. Pennsylvania1996 March NoiselNews International 63

DIRECTORY OF NOISE CONTROL SERVICESInformation on listings in the Directory ofNoise Control Services is available from INCE/USA, P. O. Box 3206Arlington Branch, Poughkeepsie, NY 12603, USA. The price is USD 325 for four insertions.CAVANAUGH TOCCIASSOCIATES INC.Consultants in AcousticsArchirectural e Structural . Mechanical - EnvironmentalWilliam J. Cavanaugh, INCE. Bd. Cert.Gregory C. Tocci, INCE. Bd. Cert.Timothy J. Foulkes, INCE. Bd. Cert.K. Anthony Hoover, INCE. Bd. Cert.Douglas H. Bell, INCESheryl Soloman, INCEDeborah J. B1asinsky, INCE Assoc.Brion G. Konig, INCE Assoc.327F Boston Post Road , Sudbury, MA01776, USATelephone:(508) 443-7871FAX: (508) 443-7873CAMPANELLAASSOCIATESDESIGN:- Studios & Music Halls- Condos &Apartments - Scientific and SeismicEquipment Isolation- Transportation &Industrial Noise- OEM: ACCULABReference Sound SourcesFIELD TESTING:- ASTM, ANSI- AMCA, ASHRAE- HUD, FAA - SoundPower- Intensity- FEMAnalysisServices320 I Ridgewood DriveColumbus, OH 43026-2453 USATeleph one: (6 14) 876 -5108FAX: (6 14) 771 -8740WYLE LABORATORIESOver 25 Years in Acoustics...ResearchEngineeringConsultingArlin gton , VA, USATeleph one: + I 703 4 15 4550EI Segundo, CA, USATeleph one: + I 3 10 322 1763 X2330SCANTEK, INC.Sound and Vibration Instrumentation& Engineering• Sa les, Rent als, Service• Tec hnical Support9 16 Gist AvenueSilver Spring, MD 209 10 USATelephone: (30 I) 495-7738FAX: (30 I) 495-7739EGGERS INDUSTRIESWoodAcoustical ProductsManufacturer: Complete line ofdoors,panels, and customproducts made perspecifications.- All availableforeign and domestic veneers- Doors andpanels testedaccording toE90-90 and E413-87- Single doorsupto STC-51 , pairs, withlites, stile& rail, and more- Available with fire ratings164 Lake StreetNeenah, WI 54957, USATeleph one: (4 14)722 -6444FAX: (4 14) 722 -0357RICHARD J.PEPPIN, P.E.• Board Certified (l NCE )• Fellow, ASAInstrumentationStandardsTestingBuilding AcousticsAccreditationISO 90005012 Macon RoadRock ville, MD 20852Telephone/FAX: + I 30 I 984 3375ACENTECH INC.28Technical Professionals Available forCollaboration in:- Architectural, Environmental andIndustrial Acoustics- Noise and VibrationControl- Structural Vibrations and Structure-bornesound- Audiovisual, Videoand SoundSystemDesignContact Eric E. Unga r, Sc.D., P.E.INCE/USA Past President125 Ca mbridge Park DriveCambridge , MA 02140 USATelephone: (6 17) 499-8000FAX: (6 17) 499-8074CHARLES KULMANMotor Sports Sound AbatementUse Permit Miti gation7415 Gum Grove LaneVacav ille, CA 95688-965 3 USATeleph one : (9 16) 678-8815FIREDOORCORPORATIONManufacturers of FlRESONICline ofhollow metal acousticdoorassemblies.- Control sound transmission throughoperabledoorways - withoutthe look ofa thick, industrialdoor.- Standard mortised hinges, typical I 3/4"door.- ULfire ratings up to three hours (Alabel).- Testedasan operable, I 3/4" door toASTME-90-90up to STC 51rating.P.O. Box 380878Miami , FL 33238-0878 , USATelephone: + I 305 691 1500FAX : +1 305836 479764NoiselNews International1996 March

SENSESoundPLAN* places the power of a comprehensive noisecalculation and air pollution investigation system in yourhands. Designed by Braunstein + Berndt GmbH,SoundPLAN is fast, competitively priced, meets all majorinternationalstandards and provides users with an accuratecalculation package with superb graphics supporting alllevels of customer presentation. .ROAD, RAIL AND INDUSTRY NOISE PROPAGATIONMODULES calculate noise levels from various sourcesfor any time period. The modules describe the sourceand calculate the propagation from the source. Theprogram automatically evaluates spreading, screening,ground and air absorption and reflection according to thenational standards selected.INDUSTRY AND LEISURE FACILITY NOISE MODULESevaluate noise from industrial complexes through to leisurefacilities. This module uses the soundpower and spectralinput to calculate the propagation over a given terrain,with input as spectrum or Leq/Lmax form.WALL DESIGN I BARRIER OPTIMIZATION is a unique,interactive program to minimize the size of noiseprotection walls or the building costs. It recommendsoptimum wall shapes for multiple sources and receivers,and allows for design customization to local conditions.Designing a Sound EnvironmentSoundPLAN, integrated software packages for noise andair pollution modelling, reflecting the diverse needs anddemands of these advanced technological fields.Noise modules available:• ROAD • RAIL • AIRCRAFT• INDOOR/OUTDOOR TRANSMISSION• INDUSTRY• LEISURE FACILITIESOther modules available:• WALL DESIGN• AIR POLLUTION DISPERSION• GRAPHICS AND TOOLSAirPLANS: GAUSS & LAGRANGEcalculate pollution concentrationsfor roads with or without adjacent developmentareas, for varying traffic volumes, and in a variety ofmeterological conditions.GRAPHICSAND TOOLS. SoundPLAN offers superb, highquality color graphic applications. Calculation results aredisplayed as easily understood maps in a variety offormats including Sound Level Diagram, Facade Noise,Grid Noise and Noise Contour Maps. 2D or 3D drawingsare used to visualize the models. For Noise Contour Maps,SoundPLAN offers the facility to create Regular, Analysisand Prognosis, Difference and Conflict Maps. SoundPLANmaps are easy to create and adjust without re-enteringdata into other systems.SoundPLAN offers world-wide distributor supportwhich includes assistance in acoustical techniques,data structures, project management, consultingengineering services, implementation of specific userstandards, plus upgrade and maintenance. We believeSoundPLAN and its world-wide customer service andtechnical support programs are 'second to none.'Contact us for your local distributor infomation.EVALUATION SOFTWARE FOR NOISE AND AIR POLLUTION MODELLINGBRAUNSTEIN + BERNDT GmbHRobert-Bosch Strasse 5; D71397 Leutenbach, GermanyTel: +49 7195 178828 Fax: +49 7195 63265 CompuServe: 100014,2152Reader Service Number 26

INTUITIVE AND POWERFULACOUSTIC SOLUTIONSFor the ultimate vibro-acoustic experience...SYSNOISE Rev 5.2 implements adyanced acoustic modeling capabilities up-front in the designphase to improve, refine and optimize acoustic performance at the soft-prototype level• Completely graphical environment with mesh coarsener and dedicated acousticpostprocessor for contour, vector and deformed shape plotting• Acoustic FEM and choice of BEM methods for transient and harmonic analysis• Easy-to-use 'Wizards" guide you through the solution process• Calculation of SPL sound power, acoustic intensity and panel vibrations• Acoustic sensitivity analysis, the gateway to design optimization• Support of experimental test data input for prediction and correlation• Fully integrated two-way interfaces with MSCINASTRAN, PATRAN, HYPERMESH, ANSYS,I-DEAS, ABAOUS, RASNNMechanica, LMS CADA-Xand others• Validated by experimentsTo find out how hundreds of engineers design quality into their products using SYSNOISE orother NIT products, call the SYSNOISE team today. Case histories are available upon request.NUMERICALINTEGRATIONTECHNOLOGIESFor more information or application notes, call LMS N.AmericaDetroit "B' (810)952-5664 - fax (810)952-1610Los Angeles "B' (714)891-4205 - fax (714)891-6809New York "B' (201)227-8722 - fax (201 )808-4054orNumerical Integration Technologies, Belgium"B' +32 (16) 400422 -fax +32 (16) 40 0414Reader Service Number 19