Haiti – Dominican Republic - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP

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locations is contrasted with a degree of tolerancein others.The most important protected area in the Haitianborder area is the Forêt de Pins in the south. Thisprotected area, as well as other protected areasin Haiti are under extreme pressure. 247 In practicalterms the enforcement of the Forêt de Pins nationalpark is non-existent and it has been rapidlydegraded and encroached, resulting in Haitiansinstead crossing the border into the adjacent Sierrade Bahoruco Park on the Dominican side.There is a need to halt the degradation andstrengthen the protected area systems in thetremendously bio-diverse border zone. The area’sdiverse geomorphology yields a great range ofhabitats that in turn sustain a wealth of flora andfauna so great that the border zone’s endemismand diversity indices are the highest in the Caribbean.The area boasts forests that range fromsea level to over 2000 m; bodies of water andwetlands that are considered the most importantof the insular Caribbean; and a wide variety ofagroecosystemsThe natural resources found in those variousecosystems are of considerable value to theborder zone’s human inhabitants, who use themfor firewood, charcoal, building materials, foodand medicine. Biodiversity also plays a notablerole in the production of ecosystem services andin tourism development of the area due to itsaesthetic value.It is worth noting how little is known about thespecies living in the area, particularly on the Haitianside. As each new scientific expedition to the areaidentifies a great number of species it remindsthe people of both countries and the scientificcommunity at large, of this alarming dearth ofknowledge.Some of the Haitians who cross into the Dominican Republic farm as tenants or sharecroppers, others squaton private or public land – including protected areas. Many settle and build small communities and someDominican communities have large, well-integrated Haitian populations, with their own schools, such as thisone just outside the Sierra de Bahoruco National Park.© UNEP66 Haiti – Dominican Republic: Environmental challenges in the border zone
Satellite image 5. Farmland borders the Sierra de Bahoruco National Park, in upper Pedernales Watershed.The Haitian protected area Forêt de Pin is just across the border. The formalization of park boundaries andimproved law enforcement have slowed the pace of the deforestation of Dominican protected areas butSierra de Bahoruco remains under a lot of pressure. Charcoal production, felling and stripping for fuel wood,and illegal farming all pose threats to the park’s forests.H a i t iID o m i n i c a nR e p u b l icÜBo rd er between fa rm landand Nation al ParkÜY o u n g b o y c u t t i n g t r e e si n s i d e t h e S i e r r a d e B a h o r u c oN a t i o n a l P a r kMeters0 90 180 270 360 4502 0 1 0Source: GoogleEarthUNEP - 2013Haiti – Dominican Republic: Environmental challenges in the border zone67
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Haiti - Dominican RepublicEnvironme
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We congratulate all those who contr
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countries. These issues include the
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The differing levels of tree cover
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A member of the assessment team col
Page 18 and 19: Members of the assessment team inte
Page 20 and 21: Consultation workshops were held in
Page 22 and 23: Table 1. Key facts and statistics f
Page 24 and 25: wandering over depleted fields and
Page 26 and 27: ClimateThe different parts of Hispa
Page 28 and 29: Natural river flow variability due
Page 30 and 31: EarthquakesHispaniola is located on
Page 32: consumption and production culture
Page 36 and 37: Map 6. The northern coast and the M
Page 39 and 40: Map 8. The area surrounding the lak
Page 41 and 42: although it is estimated to be much
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3. Seasonality of food insec
Page 45 and 46: e sold for a profit on the other si
Page 47 and 48: viCase study 2. Comité Intermunici
Page 49 and 50: Part 2 Identification andAnalysis o
Page 51 and 52: and local issues. These include, fo
Page 53: Lacking productive topsoil this lan
Page 56 and 57: 5 Forest resources andterrestrial p
Page 58 and 59: Satellite image 3. In the Massacre
Page 60 and 61: un the risk of being either impriso
Page 62 and 63: eing transported from the Dominican
Page 64 and 65: 5.5 Collection of fuel woodFuel woo
Page 66 and 67: !^5.6 Protected area management and
Page 70 and 71: Enough is known, however, to be cer
Page 72 and 73: plantations that the habitat will n
Page 74 and 75: Satellite image 6. Just before reac
Page 76 and 77: interventions if well designed do w
Page 78 and 79: contaminated rivers are disease vec
Page 80 and 81: crust substantial enough to be the
Page 82 and 83: 7 Coastal and marineresources7.1 In
Page 84 and 85: tuna, sea bream, yellowtail, hake,
Page 86 and 87: Mangroves are being cut to be sold
Page 88 and 89: Case study 6. Cooperation between f
Page 90 and 91: private sector better informed. Cus
Page 92 and 93: carrying money, and missing their d
Page 94 and 95: etween these two cordilleras), but
Page 96: Mineral exploration is starting in
Page 99 and 100: assessment team are all small scale
Page 101 and 102: Extreme poverty is a key driving fo
Page 103 and 104: it is present. The Haitian populati
Page 105 and 106: Atlantic storms will double in the
Page 107 and 108: A charcoal kiln burning inside the
Page 109 and 110: Table 5. Summary of the key recomme
Page 111 and 112: Ten recommendations are provided un
Page 113 and 114: oth environmentally damaging and li
Page 115 and 116: Improving cooperation and governanc
Page 117 and 118: f. Create and formalize fishing agr
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g. In the long term, aim for variou
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Haiti - Dominican Republic: Environ
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Annex I - Report terminologyArgumen
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Annex II - List of Acronyms and Abb
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Annex IV - Table connecting thereco
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23. United States Census Bureau. (2
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73. UN Development Programme - Haï
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117. Urban Design Lab, Columbia Uni
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161. Miniel, L. (2012, 20 April). I
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204. Peralta, C. (2012, 18 April).
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246. González Sánchez, F.F. (2012
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290. Laboratoire des Relations Hait
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Annex VI - AcknowledgementsContribu
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Claude PhanorMartin RapillyAdelita
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José Cristino CastilloRobert Crowl
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