Haiti – Dominican Republic - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP
Haiti – Dominican Republic - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP Haiti – Dominican Republic - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP
!^5.6 Protected area management and biodiversityMap 10. Protected areas in the border zone20°NCuba72°WA t l a n t i c O c e a nCayos Sietes HermanosI71°W!^ives!PHaitiDominican RepublicPort-au-Prince Santo Domingo!^!^Cap-Haïtien!PLa Citadelle,Sans Souci,Ramiers!^[·!^Fort-Liberté!PMonte-Cristi!P!^!^!^!OuanamintheManglares delEstero BalsaLaguna !^Saladilla!^Dajabón!P!^Cerros deChacueyLas MatasMonte CristiVilla ElisaRío CanaEstero HondoMao!PEntrada de MaoBahÕ a Luper¾nPuerto Plata!PSantiago!P[·!^!^Alto MaoNalga de MacoArmando BermúdezAlto Bao!PHinche!^!^19°N!^!^José del Carmen RamÕ rezLac de Peligre!BelladèreElías Piña!PSan Juan!P[·GuanitoPORT-AU-PRINCESources Puantes[·!^Fort MercrediLas CaobasLos CacheosJimaní!PSierra de NeibaLago Enriquillo eIsla CabritosNeiba!PCabeza de ToroLoma del 20Azua!PJacmel!PLa VisiteFort Jacques andFort AlexandreRéserve Forêtdes Pins[·Barahona!PSierra de Bahoruco!^18°NLegend!^!PMarine protected areaTerrestrial protected areaInternational boundaryNational capitalDepartment/Province capitalC a r i b b e a nS e aAnse-à-Pitre!!P Pedernales[·Cabo Rojo, Bahíade las AguilasDatum: WGS 84UTM Zone 18NSources:MINUSTAHUN Cartographic Section0 10 20KmThe boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement by the United Nations. UNEP UNEP - 2012 2013.!^!^Jaragua64 Haiti – Dominican Republic: Environmental challenges in the border zone!^
Illegal tree cutting for fuel wood inside protected areas in the Dominican Republic is a commonphenomenon, such as seen here in the Sierra de Bahoruco national park.© UNEPDominican protected areas close to the border arebeing significantly degraded by illegal activitiesconducted by Haitian immigrants, often with thecollusion of Dominicans. This is a problematicsituation which has already provoked small scalebut deadly conflict between Haitian immigrantsand Dominican park guards.In the Sierra de Bahoruco National Park in early2012, in the southern part of the border, a parkranger was killed by a Haitian charcoal makerwho had been apprehended inside the parkboundaries. This incident created tension betweenthe communities, as well as retaliation that saw atleast one Haitian killed. 239 This case also highlightedthe existing difficulties that can frustrate crossborder cooperation: Dominican authorities seethat there is little they can do if a criminal fleesover the border to Haiti. 240 Similarly, several Haitiansdescribed cases of mutilation or killing that havetaken place over the past ten years, when Haitiancharcoal makers have crossed into the DominicanRepublic. 241Environmentally detrimental activities occurringwithin protected areas are generally the sameas elsewhere in the border area: land is clearedfor agriculture, there are forest fires, firewood iscollected, and charcoal is produced. One featurethat is specific to land surrounding protectedareas and observed in the vicinity of the Sierra deBahoruco National Park is that of illegal settlements.Haitian farmers have moved into these areason a semi-permanent basis, establishing smallcommunities with churches and schools. 242The positive news is that the rate of deforestationhas decreased substantially in the past years in andaround Dominican protected areas in the borderzone. 243, 244 The borders of the parks have beenformalized and enforced. Sensitization campaignshave increased consciousness among the localcommunities on the importance of protecting the245, 246forest cover, and the environment in general.However the enforcement of regulations withinthe Dominican protected areas is still somewhatinconsistent. Episodic strong enforcement at someHaiti – Dominican Republic: Environmental challenges in the border zone65
- Page 16 and 17: A member of the assessment team col
- Page 18 and 19: Members of the assessment team inte
- Page 20 and 21: Consultation workshops were held in
- Page 22 and 23: Table 1. Key facts and statistics f
- Page 24 and 25: wandering over depleted fields and
- Page 26 and 27: ClimateThe different parts of Hispa
- Page 28 and 29: Natural river flow variability due
- Page 30 and 31: EarthquakesHispaniola is located on
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- Page 36 and 37: Map 6. The northern coast and the M
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- Page 41 and 42: although it is estimated to be much
- Page 43 and 44: Figure 3. Seasonality of food insec
- Page 45 and 46: e sold for a profit on the other si
- Page 47 and 48: viCase study 2. Comité Intermunici
- Page 49 and 50: Part 2 Identification andAnalysis o
- Page 51 and 52: and local issues. These include, fo
- Page 53: Lacking productive topsoil this lan
- Page 56 and 57: 5 Forest resources andterrestrial p
- Page 58 and 59: Satellite image 3. In the Massacre
- Page 60 and 61: un the risk of being either impriso
- Page 62 and 63: eing transported from the Dominican
- Page 64 and 65: 5.5 Collection of fuel woodFuel woo
- Page 68 and 69: locations is contrasted with a degr
- Page 70 and 71: Enough is known, however, to be cer
- Page 72 and 73: plantations that the habitat will n
- Page 74 and 75: Satellite image 6. Just before reac
- Page 76 and 77: interventions if well designed do w
- Page 78 and 79: contaminated rivers are disease vec
- Page 80 and 81: crust substantial enough to be the
- Page 82 and 83: 7 Coastal and marineresources7.1 In
- Page 84 and 85: tuna, sea bream, yellowtail, hake,
- Page 86 and 87: Mangroves are being cut to be sold
- Page 88 and 89: Case study 6. Cooperation between f
- Page 90 and 91: private sector better informed. Cus
- Page 92 and 93: carrying money, and missing their d
- Page 94 and 95: etween these two cordilleras), but
- Page 96: Mineral exploration is starting in
- Page 99 and 100: assessment team are all small scale
- Page 101 and 102: Extreme poverty is a key driving fo
- Page 103 and 104: it is present. The Haitian populati
- Page 105 and 106: Atlantic storms will double in the
- Page 107 and 108: A charcoal kiln burning inside the
- Page 109 and 110: Table 5. Summary of the key recomme
- Page 111 and 112: Ten recommendations are provided un
- Page 113 and 114: oth environmentally damaging and li
- Page 115 and 116: Improving cooperation and governanc
Illegal tree cutting for fuel wood inside protected areas in the <strong>Dominican</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> is a commonphenomenon, such as seen here in the Sierra de Bahoruco national park.© <strong>UNEP</strong><strong>Dominican</strong> protected areas close to the border arebeing significantly degraded by illegal activitiesconducted by <strong>Haiti</strong>an immigrants, often with thecollusion of <strong>Dominican</strong>s. This is a problematicsituation which has already provoked small scalebut deadly conflict between <strong>Haiti</strong>an immigrants<strong>and</strong> <strong>Dominican</strong> park guards.In the Sierra de Bahoruco National Park in early2012, in the southern part of the border, a parkranger was killed by a <strong>Haiti</strong>an charcoal makerwho had been apprehended inside the parkboundaries. This incident created tension betweenthe communities, as well as retaliation that saw atleast one <strong>Haiti</strong>an killed. 239 This case also highlightedthe existing difficulties that can frustrate crossborder cooperation: <strong>Dominican</strong> authorities seethat there is little they can do if a criminal fleesover the border to <strong>Haiti</strong>. 240 Similarly, several <strong>Haiti</strong>ansdescribed cases of mutilation or killing that havetaken place over the past ten years, when <strong>Haiti</strong>ancharcoal makers have crossed into the <strong>Dominican</strong><strong>Republic</strong>. 241Environmentally detrimental activities occurringwithin protected areas are generally the sameas elsewhere in the border area: l<strong>and</strong> is clearedfor agriculture, there are forest fires, firewood iscollected, <strong>and</strong> charcoal is produced. One featurethat is specific to l<strong>and</strong> surrounding protectedareas <strong>and</strong> observed in the vicinity of the Sierra deBahoruco National Park is that of illegal settlements.<strong>Haiti</strong>an farmers have moved into these areason a semi-permanent basis, establishing smallcommunities with churches <strong>and</strong> schools. 242The positive news is that the rate of deforestationhas decreased substantially in the past years in <strong>and</strong>around <strong>Dominican</strong> protected areas in the borderzone. 243, 244 The borders of the parks have beenformalized <strong>and</strong> enforced. Sensitization campaignshave increased consciousness among the localcommunities on the importance of protecting the245, 246forest cover, <strong>and</strong> the environment in general.However the enforcement of regulations withinthe <strong>Dominican</strong> protected areas is still somewhatinconsistent. Episodic strong enforcement at some<strong>Haiti</strong> <strong>–</strong> <strong>Dominican</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>: Environmental challenges in the border zone65
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