Haiti – Dominican Republic - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP
Haiti – Dominican Republic - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP Haiti – Dominican Republic - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP
un the risk of being either imprisoned, seeingtheir production or cattle confiscated, or payingsubstantial amounts of money to Dominicanofficials in order to be released.Field interviews on the Haitian side also showthat charcoal production is a livelihood copingmechanism, especially for households that havelower asset values and higher risks of experiencingfood insecurity. Such households are significantlymore likely to produce charcoal, as a last resortto generate some income. Case study 3 providesexamples of the smaller scale charcoal productionthat is taking place in the northern and southernparts of the border zone, where there is a relativelysmall amount of transboundary trade in charcoal.That is true of the Massacre watershed in thenorth because state control is tighter there and ofPedernales watershed in the south because thereare no roads on which to take charcoal from theredirectly to Port-au-Prince. On the Haitian side ofthese two areas dry forest is also still abundantin the coastal regions, which is suitable for use indomestic charcoal production.In the bi-national market of Dajabón in the northof the island, the assessment team only saw onecharcoal maker who had had to obtain permitsthrough tax payments for all charcoal bags.However, according to interviews in Ouanaminthein the Massacre watershed, the main transboundarytrade of charcoal is happening mainly at nighttime or far away from border control posts wherethe border is porous. Two to three tons of charcoal isRoadside stacks of charcoal bags are a common sight on the Haitian side of the Massacre Watershed – herethey line the main road between Ouanaminthe and Cap Haitien.© UNEP58 Haiti – Dominican Republic: Environmental challenges in the border zone
Two sailing boats arrive, on average, per day, to this site, called Ravin de Dyab in Haiti, a couple of kilometersfrom the border. Each boat is loaded with about 200 bags of charcoal, which adds up to approximately2,800 bags entering Haiti from the Dominican Republic per week at this one site alone.© UNEPreported to transit every week from the DominicanRepublic to Haiti in the Ouanaminthe area. 228Some accounts also suggest that since the 2010earthquake, people have gravitated in greaternumbers to charcoal production zones, but theassessment team has not, however, been able toverify that suggestion.Charcoal trade “hotspots”Compared to the smaller scale uncontrolledcharcoal trade that is widespread throughout theborder zone, larger scale and more organizedforms of this activity is concentrated mainly in theforest areas around Lakes Azuei and Enriquillo,and is more specifically concentrated in Boca deCachón, Las Lajas, Tierra Nueva, Puerto Escondidoand Bahoruco.An EU funded, cross-border project that, in 2009,studied the charcoal trade in the area aroundLakes Azuei and Enriquillo, 229 found that charcoalproduced in this area of the Dominican Republic(in the region of Boca de Cachón) is loaded ontrucks and transported to the Dominican shoresof Lake Azuei. From here it is shipped off to Haiti inboats that cross the lake, arriving on the southernHaitian shore, to a location called Ravin deDyab, lying next to the main road connecting theborder zone with Port-au-Prince. The charcoal’sfinal destination is Port-au-Prince, and morespecifically the wholesale and retail markets ofCroix de Bossales and Salomon. The assessmentteam observed thousands of bags of charcoal,which had been brought over from the DominicanRepublic, stacked at the side of the road in Ravinde Dyab, and estimated the number of bagsHaiti – Dominican Republic: Environmental challenges in the border zone59
- Page 9: countries. These issues include the
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- Page 22 and 23: Table 1. Key facts and statistics f
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- Page 26 and 27: ClimateThe different parts of Hispa
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- Page 45 and 46: e sold for a profit on the other si
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Two sailing boats arrive, on average, per day, to this site, called Ravin de Dyab in <strong>Haiti</strong>, a couple of kilometersfrom the border. Each boat is loaded with about 200 bags of charcoal, which adds up to approximately2,800 bags entering <strong>Haiti</strong> from the <strong>Dominican</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> per week at this one site alone.© <strong>UNEP</strong>reported to transit every week from the <strong>Dominican</strong><strong>Republic</strong> to <strong>Haiti</strong> in the Ouanaminthe area. 228Some accounts also suggest that since the 2010earthquake, people have gravitated in greaternumbers to charcoal production zones, but theassessment team has not, however, been able toverify that suggestion.Charcoal trade “hotspots”Compared to the smaller scale uncontrolledcharcoal trade that is widespread throughout theborder zone, larger scale <strong>and</strong> more organizedforms of this activity is concentrated mainly in theforest areas around Lakes Azuei <strong>and</strong> Enriquillo,<strong>and</strong> is more specifically concentrated in Boca deCachón, Las Lajas, Tierra Nueva, Puerto Escondido<strong>and</strong> Bahoruco.An EU funded, cross-border project that, in 2009,studied the charcoal trade in the area aroundLakes Azuei <strong>and</strong> Enriquillo, 229 found that charcoalproduced in this area of the <strong>Dominican</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>(in the region of Boca de Cachón) is loaded ontrucks <strong>and</strong> transported to the <strong>Dominican</strong> shoresof Lake Azuei. From here it is shipped off to <strong>Haiti</strong> inboats that cross the lake, arriving on the southern<strong>Haiti</strong>an shore, to a location called Ravin deDyab, lying next to the main road connecting theborder zone with Port-au-Prince. The charcoal’sfinal destination is Port-au-Prince, <strong>and</strong> morespecifically the wholesale <strong>and</strong> retail markets ofCroix de Bossales <strong>and</strong> Salomon. The assessmentteam observed thous<strong>and</strong>s of bags of charcoal,which had been brought over from the <strong>Dominican</strong><strong>Republic</strong>, stacked at the side of the road in Ravinde Dyab, <strong>and</strong> estimated the number of bags<strong>Haiti</strong> <strong>–</strong> <strong>Dominican</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>: Environmental challenges in the border zone59
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