Haiti – Dominican Republic - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP

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Satellite image 3. In the Massacre Watershed, Haitian farmers lease land from Dominican landowners to farmbeans and to keep the land clear. Slash and burn is their method of choice, which, results in erosion and landdegradation. The law is unhelpful here in that it is in the interest of the Dominican landowner to keep vegetationdown, because if it grows above a certain height he is no longer allowed to clear it for agricultural use.H a i t iID o m i n i c a nR e p u b l icÜL a n d c l e a r e df o r f a r m i n gMeters0 210 420 630 840 10502 0 1 0Source: GoogleEarthUNEP - 201356 Haiti – Dominican Republic: Environmental challenges in the border zone
without any form of control into Haiti. The totalamount of charcoal produced in the DominicanRepublic and taken to Haiti is roughly estimatedat 50,000 tons per year, 223 and constitutes a tradeworth approximately USD 15 million (assuming aprice of USD 300 per ton). 224Widespread charcoal production and tradealong the borderTransboundary trade in charcoal happens allalong the border and mostly on a small scale:individual people or small groups in Haiti crossthe border either to cut trees for charcoal kilnsin Haiti, or to produce the charcoal in kilns inthe Dominican Republic, before transporting itacross the border. Reportedly, although charcoalproduction in the Dominican Republic is physicallycarried out by Haitians, it is nearly always under thesupervision of, or in collaboration with, Dominicans,be they land owners, truck drivers, forest parksguards, or army officers, who receive part of the225, 226profits.This trade is a main driver causing deforestation onthe Dominican side of the border zone. Governmentauthorities in Elias Piña Province, for example,mentioned that last year they found 32 charcoalkilns in one day, all of them manned by Haitians. 227Charcoal production and law enforcementThere seems to be a total absence of regulationand enforcement on the Haitian side. All of theactors involved in charcoal production that wereinterviewed by the team mentioned that they hadno interaction with Haitian authorities whatsoever.On the Dominican side however, the trade involvesrisks. Intermediary sellers whom the assessmentteam interviewed mentioned that producersCharcoal is produced in charcoal kilns – such as this one in the lower part of the Pedernales Watershed –that turn wood into charcoal by drying it.© UNEPHaiti – Dominican Republic: Environmental challenges in the border zone57
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Haiti - Dominican RepublicEnvironme
Page 7 and 8: We congratulate all those who contr
Page 9: countries. These issues include the
Page 13: The differing levels of tree cover
Page 16 and 17: A member of the assessment team col
Page 18 and 19: Members of the assessment team inte
Page 20 and 21: Consultation workshops were held in
Page 22 and 23: Table 1. Key facts and statistics f
Page 24 and 25: wandering over depleted fields and
Page 26 and 27: ClimateThe different parts of Hispa
Page 28 and 29: Natural river flow variability due
Page 30 and 31: EarthquakesHispaniola is located on
Page 32: consumption and production culture
Page 36 and 37: Map 6. The northern coast and the M
Page 39 and 40: Map 8. The area surrounding the lak
Page 41 and 42: although it is estimated to be much
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3. Seasonality of food insec
Page 45 and 46: e sold for a profit on the other si
Page 47 and 48: viCase study 2. Comité Intermunici
Page 49 and 50: Part 2 Identification andAnalysis o
Page 51 and 52: and local issues. These include, fo
Page 53: Lacking productive topsoil this lan
Page 56 and 57: 5 Forest resources andterrestrial p
Page 60 and 61: un the risk of being either impriso
Page 62 and 63: eing transported from the Dominican
Page 64 and 65: 5.5 Collection of fuel woodFuel woo
Page 66 and 67: !^5.6 Protected area management and
Page 68 and 69: locations is contrasted with a degr
Page 70 and 71: Enough is known, however, to be cer
Page 72 and 73: plantations that the habitat will n
Page 74 and 75: Satellite image 6. Just before reac
Page 76 and 77: interventions if well designed do w
Page 78 and 79: contaminated rivers are disease vec
Page 80 and 81: crust substantial enough to be the
Page 82 and 83: 7 Coastal and marineresources7.1 In
Page 84 and 85: tuna, sea bream, yellowtail, hake,
Page 86 and 87: Mangroves are being cut to be sold
Page 88 and 89: Case study 6. Cooperation between f
Page 90 and 91: private sector better informed. Cus
Page 92 and 93: carrying money, and missing their d
Page 94 and 95: etween these two cordilleras), but
Page 96: Mineral exploration is starting in
Page 99 and 100: assessment team are all small scale
Page 101 and 102: Extreme poverty is a key driving fo
Page 103 and 104: it is present. The Haitian populati
Page 105 and 106: Atlantic storms will double in the
Page 107 and 108: A charcoal kiln burning inside the
Page 109 and 110:
Table 5. Summary of the key recomme
Page 111 and 112:
Ten recommendations are provided un
Page 113 and 114:
oth environmentally damaging and li
Page 115 and 116:
Improving cooperation and governanc
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f. Create and formalize fishing agr
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g. In the long term, aim for variou
Page 121 and 122:
Haiti - Dominican Republic: Environ
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Annex I - Report terminologyArgumen
Page 125 and 126:
Annex II - List of Acronyms and Abb
Page 127 and 128:
Annex IV - Table connecting thereco
Page 129 and 130:
23. United States Census Bureau. (2
Page 131 and 132:
73. UN Development Programme - Haï
Page 133 and 134:
117. Urban Design Lab, Columbia Uni
Page 135 and 136:
161. Miniel, L. (2012, 20 April). I
Page 137 and 138:
204. Peralta, C. (2012, 18 April).
Page 139 and 140:
246. González Sánchez, F.F. (2012
Page 141 and 142:
290. Laboratoire des Relations Hait
Page 143 and 144:
Annex VI - AcknowledgementsContribu
Page 145 and 146:
Claude PhanorMartin RapillyAdelita
Page 147 and 148:
José Cristino CastilloRobert Crowl
Page 149 and 150:
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Haiti – Dominican Republic - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP

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