Haiti – Dominican Republic - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP

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area, and consists of four main components: • Bi-national Project in the Artibonite Watershed –reforestation, capacity building, activities The aim of this project is to resolve water-relateddemonstrating sustainable socio-economic conflicts in the bi-national Artibonite River basinactivities, and bi-national cooperation.and to develop a joint bi-national action plan• Libon Verde – The two goverments, supportedfor the management of shared resources in theby the Deutsche Gesellschaft für InternationaleArtibonite watershed. 183Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), are starting this project • Nuestra Frontera – Fwontyè Nou – This Panwhich will be similar in character and purpose American Development Foundation initiativeto the MPP.aims to reduce poverty, strengthen relations• Caribbean Biological Corridor – This EU, Global between Haiti and the Dominican Republic,Environment Facility (GEF) and World Food and promote collaboration in the borderProgramme (WFP) funded project aims to area. 184define and then create a biological corridor • International Organization for Migration’sbetween Cuba, Haiti and the Dominican (IOM) Cross-Border & Migration ManagementRepublic in an effort to restore ecosystems andproject – IOM Haiti is running some migrationreduce biodiversity losses. 181management programmes that pay particular• UNDP ART initiative – This local development, attention to border management, assistingwhich has so far been largely focused on the DominicanRepublic, has recently become active and strengthening cross-border and regionalvoluntary return, fighting human trafficking,in the border area, working to reinforce the capacitiesof women in the north of the border. 182 border security.cooperation on migration management and185As this sign points out, the Revegetation and Transboundary Natural Resources Management Project (MPP)has brought together the two governments, three UN organizations, and the government of Norway to workjointly to increase transboundary cooperation and to ameliorate the situation in the border zone.© UNEP46 Haiti – Dominican Republic: Environmental challenges in the border zone
Part 2 Identification andAnalysis of Key Issues4 Agriculture –the dominant activityin the border zone4.1 IntroductionAgriculture is the most important economic activityin the border zone in both countries. In Haiti it isoverseen by the Ministry of Agriculture, NaturalResources and Rural Development (MARNDR), and inthe Dominican Republic by the Ministry of Agriculture.Within this section, the term agriculture refers tofarming and livestock keeping only and not toforestry or fishing, which are addressed in sectionsfive and seven respectively.HaitiFarming is the dominant economic activity andlivelihood option in the border zone. Farmingon the Haitian side of the border zone appearsto follow the Haitian national model, with slashand-burnagriculture being the most widely usedtechnique. Farms vary in size, from 0.25 – 5 ha.with an average of 1.5 ha. 186 Farmers commonlyrely on sharecropping to secure access to land.Sharecropping is a form of leasing (“métayage” or“moitié-moitié”) in which an owner offers his land toa farmer for cultivation in exchange for a portion ofthe harvest. When not sharecropping, farm workersare often hired as laborers.Agricultural productivity is very low because theland is degraded, the plots are small and thereare few if any modern agricultural inputs. Mostfarms in the zone are owned by families practicingsubsistence agriculture to produce corn, manioc,rice, sorghum, beans, sweet potato and plantain,coffee and beef. 187Dominican RepublicThe border zone is among the poorest regionsin the Dominican Republic and has the highestconcentration of poor households in the country.A large part of the population there, rely onagriculture for their daily subsistence. Poverty levelsare highest in the Elias Piña province in the centralparts of the border zone, where 82 per cent of thepopulation live in poverty. Levels of poverty are attheir lowest in the Dajabon province in the north,where 56 per cent live below the poverty line. 188Most farms in the zone are small and farmerspractice slash-and-burn techniques to produceannual crops, which is in contrast with the situationin the Dominican Republic as a whole, whereagriculture is increasingly mechanized and oftenon a large scale. Large scale agriculture within theborder zone is confined to the northern parts of theMassacre watershed.Traditionally many Dominican farmers grow fruitssuch as oranges, lemons and avocados, whichrequire years of cultivation. In contrast, Haitiansfarming land in the Dominican Republic producemainly beans and corn which require only a shortstay in the country. 189 Small scale crop farming inDominican Republic generally follows the Haitianmodel in that the moitié-moitié land leasingsystem is the most common, but there are alsoother arrangements, like renting the land for ¼ – asopposed to half – of the crops, or Haitians simplysquatting on land vacated by Dominicans. 1904.2 Key issuesThree key issues were identified for the agriculturalsector, which are relevant to the border zone andso are addressed in this report:• Land tenure.• Land degradation.• Transboundary agriculture.The agricultural sector in Haiti and the DominicanRepublic has a plethora of other national scaleHaiti – Dominican Republic: Environmental challenges in the border zone47
Page 1: Haiti - Dominican RepublicEnvironme
Page 7 and 8: We congratulate all those who contr
Page 9: countries. These issues include the
Page 13: The differing levels of tree cover
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Page 22 and 23: Table 1. Key facts and statistics f
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Page 26 and 27: ClimateThe different parts of Hispa
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Page 30 and 31: EarthquakesHispaniola is located on
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Page 41 and 42: although it is estimated to be much
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Page 45 and 46: e sold for a profit on the other si
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assessment team are all small scale
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Extreme poverty is a key driving fo
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it is present. The Haitian populati
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Atlantic storms will double in the
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A charcoal kiln burning inside the
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Table 5. Summary of the key recomme
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Ten recommendations are provided un
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oth environmentally damaging and li
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Improving cooperation and governanc
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f. Create and formalize fishing agr
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g. In the long term, aim for variou
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Haiti - Dominican Republic: Environ
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Annex I - Report terminologyArgumen
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Annex II - List of Acronyms and Abb
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Annex IV - Table connecting thereco
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23. United States Census Bureau. (2
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73. UN Development Programme - Haï
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117. Urban Design Lab, Columbia Uni
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161. Miniel, L. (2012, 20 April). I
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204. Peralta, C. (2012, 18 April).
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246. González Sánchez, F.F. (2012
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290. Laboratoire des Relations Hait
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Annex VI - AcknowledgementsContribu
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Claude PhanorMartin RapillyAdelita
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José Cristino CastilloRobert Crowl
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