Haiti – Dominican Republic - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP

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point for charcoalican Republic!PMap 9. The southern coast and Pedernales watershedCap-HaïtienHinche!P!PDajabón !P!P!P!PFonds-VerrettesISan !P Juan!PJimaní Neiba!P!PO U E S TZapotenI N D E P E N D E N C I A2!PPedernales!P!PRéserve Forêt des ¨PinsPedernalesGarreauThiottePlateau deCedreTesul1Los ArroyosS U D - E S TSierra de BahorucokGrand-GosierBonyBananekLibenJaragua - Bahoruco -EnriquilloP E D E R N A L E SRobinson6Zone d'irrigationZone de refugiesSalinePedernalesAnse-à-Pitre18°NCabo Rojo,Bahía de las AguilasJaraguaLegend)llkMangroveMarine protected areaTerrestrial protected areaSalt production zoneDamsReforestation brigadeCharcoal production hotspots! ! ! Area of intensive charcoal production! ! !Bi-national markets)Main border crossingWaterflowIntermittent riverWatershed boundaryDatum: WGS 84UTM Zone 18NSources:MINUSTAHUN Cartographic Section0 2 4KmThe boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement by the United Nations. UNEP UNEP - 2012 2013.Cabo Rojo-BahÃ• a de las Aguilas38 Haiti – Dominican Republic: Environmental challenges in the border zone
although it is estimated to be much higher thanthe population on the Dominican, in line with otherborder areas. The main towns on the Haitian sideof the border are Fonds Parisienne and La Sourceand several smaller towns are scattered on theplain and up in the mountains.Agriculture and large scale illegal charcoalproduction and trade are the main land usesand livelihoods in the area. Dominican protectedareas are one of the main sources of the woodfor this trade. (This issue is presented in detail inChapter 5.)The Southern Coast and PedernaleswatershedThe Pedernales River Basin is located in theborder zone in the south of the island. Water flowsstart in the mountains on both the Haitian andDominican side and flow to the southern coast.The Pedernales River is the largest watercoursein the area and forms the southernmost part ofthe international border between the DominicanRepublic and Haiti. The source of the river is in themountains on the Dominican side in Bahoruco,and its watershed covers an area of 174 km 2 . Thewatershed comprises an area of high mountainsthat stretches along some 70 km in a northwestsoutheastdirection. It is relatively flat in its westernpart, where the slope descends gently southward.At an altitude of approximately 500 m, at thelevel of Las Mercedes, a plateau is formed. Tothe north, the slope is larger and exceeds anangle of 40 degrees in many places. Anotherplateau exists at about 1,000 m and spans muchof the northern side, being interrupted by gullies.Water levels in the river rise rapidly in responseto precipitation and may go dry during the dryperiod. The Pedernales River is one of the few riverson the Pedernales Peninsula which contain waterfor most of the year.The estimated population of the area is approximately21,000 on the Dominican side of thebasin 146 . On the Haitian side, no reliable informationof the population numbers for the whole watershedcan be found, but the population has reachedapproximately 30,000 in the community of Anseà-Pitre,two thirds of whom live in the countryside.That population is increasing by roughly 3.7% peryear. 147In the Provincia de Pedernales (DominicanRepublic) Annual precipitation ranges from about600 mm on the southern coast to 2,000 mm onthe slopes of the Sierra de Bahoruco 148 . This area isalso the home of two important protected areas.One is the Sierra de Bahoruco, which is situated inthe north of the watershed, and which stretchesover the mountain ridge into the area of the Lakesand connects to one of the few protected areasin Haiti – Forêt des Pins. The other is the marineprotected area of Jaragua, in the DominicanRepublic, on the southern tip of the PedernalesPeninsula.The Pedernales watershed yields ample evidenceof the environmental differences between the twocountries in the border zone. The watershed canbe divided into three distinct zones, with distinctenvironments:1. Mountainous.2. Mid-altitude.3. Dry coastal.3.3 Border zone socio-economicsand migrationThe border between Haiti and the DominicanRepublic is increasingly porous and unregulatedwith distance away from the main border crossingstations. Interactions relating to trade, agriculture,legal and illegal use of forest and marineresources, education and medical needs, occurbetween the populations of the two countries. 149HaitiIn Haiti, the border departments are the North-West–,Central–, West– and South-East departments. Theborder region attracts Haitians from other parts ofthe country who are looking to take advantage ofthe additional employment and trade opportunitiesthat can be found both closer to and over theDominican Republic border. 150 As a consequence,villages in the Haitian border zone have seentheir populations increase in the last ten yearsand urbanization rates are high. The populationof the city of Ouanaminthe, for example, grewby 20% per year. 151 The effects of this movementof people can be felt over the border as Haitiansenter and settle on vacant land in the DominicanRepublic. Case study 1 also highlights the level ofHaiti – Dominican Republic: Environmental challenges in the border zone39
Page 1: Haiti - Dominican RepublicEnvironme
Page 7 and 8: We congratulate all those who contr
Page 9: countries. These issues include the
Page 13: The differing levels of tree cover
Page 16 and 17: A member of the assessment team col
Page 18 and 19: Members of the assessment team inte
Page 20 and 21: Consultation workshops were held in
Page 22 and 23: Table 1. Key facts and statistics f
Page 24 and 25: wandering over depleted fields and
Page 26 and 27: ClimateThe different parts of Hispa
Page 28 and 29: Natural river flow variability due
Page 30 and 31: EarthquakesHispaniola is located on
Page 32: consumption and production culture
Page 36 and 37: Map 6. The northern coast and the M
Page 39: Map 8. The area surrounding the lak
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3. Seasonality of food insec
Page 45 and 46: e sold for a profit on the other si
Page 47 and 48: viCase study 2. Comité Intermunici
Page 49 and 50: Part 2 Identification andAnalysis o
Page 51 and 52: and local issues. These include, fo
Page 53: Lacking productive topsoil this lan
Page 56 and 57: 5 Forest resources andterrestrial p
Page 58 and 59: Satellite image 3. In the Massacre
Page 60 and 61: un the risk of being either impriso
Page 62 and 63: eing transported from the Dominican
Page 64 and 65: 5.5 Collection of fuel woodFuel woo
Page 66 and 67: !^5.6 Protected area management and
Page 68 and 69: locations is contrasted with a degr
Page 70 and 71: Enough is known, however, to be cer
Page 72 and 73: plantations that the habitat will n
Page 74 and 75: Satellite image 6. Just before reac
Page 76 and 77: interventions if well designed do w
Page 78 and 79: contaminated rivers are disease vec
Page 80 and 81: crust substantial enough to be the
Page 82 and 83: 7 Coastal and marineresources7.1 In
Page 84 and 85: tuna, sea bream, yellowtail, hake,
Page 86 and 87: Mangroves are being cut to be sold
Page 88 and 89: Case study 6. Cooperation between f
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private sector better informed. Cus
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carrying money, and missing their d
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etween these two cordilleras), but
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Mineral exploration is starting in
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assessment team are all small scale
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Extreme poverty is a key driving fo
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it is present. The Haitian populati
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Atlantic storms will double in the
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A charcoal kiln burning inside the
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Table 5. Summary of the key recomme
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Ten recommendations are provided un
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oth environmentally damaging and li
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Improving cooperation and governanc
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f. Create and formalize fishing agr
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g. In the long term, aim for variou
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Haiti - Dominican Republic: Environ
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Annex I - Report terminologyArgumen
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Annex II - List of Acronyms and Abb
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Annex IV - Table connecting thereco
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23. United States Census Bureau. (2
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73. UN Development Programme - Haï
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117. Urban Design Lab, Columbia Uni
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161. Miniel, L. (2012, 20 April). I
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204. Peralta, C. (2012, 18 April).
Page 139 and 140:
246. González Sánchez, F.F. (2012
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290. Laboratoire des Relations Hait
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Annex VI - AcknowledgementsContribu
Page 145 and 146:
Claude PhanorMartin RapillyAdelita
Page 147 and 148:
José Cristino CastilloRobert Crowl
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Haiti – Dominican Republic - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP

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