Haiti – Dominican Republic - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP
Haiti – Dominican Republic - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP Haiti – Dominican Republic - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP
Consultation workshops were held in both the Dominican Republic and Haiti with government counterparts,in order to validate the contents of the report.© UNEPThe assessment uses a range of tools, methodsand terminology to identify, categorize andanalyze the wide range of issues noted, and todevelop potential solutions. Annex I provides aglossary of key definitions and brief descriptionsof the tools and methods used in this assessmentand associated report terminology.Report translationThe findings of the report have significant implicationsfor both countries and the draft report hasgone though a bi-national review and consultationprocess. In this context, translation accuracy andneutrality is very important. However, despite bestefforts, not all words, phrases and inflections usedeither in this report and in the received feedbackare directly translatable across the 3 languages.For the avoidance of doubt therefore, the Englishversion of the report has been designated asthe master version and the French and Spanishversions as authorized translations.Chapter road mapFollowing this introductory chapter, Part I of thisassessment also includes chapters 2 and 3. Chapter2 provides an overview of both Haitian andDominican country contexts, providing informationon both countries’ economies, physical attributes,histories, natural hazards, and environmentalconditions. Chapter 3 focuses on the borderregion, looking at transboundary issues such astrade, cooperation, and migration.Part II of the report (Chapters 4-8) deal with specificthemes, such as agriculture, forestry and protectedareas, freshwater resources, marine resources,etc. Within each of these categories, specific keyissues and associated livelihoods responses areidentified. Each chapter first gives a brief generaloverview of the theme in question, before individuallypresenting the key issues that were identifiedas part of the assessment process.Part III then concentrates on the analysis of theinformation presented in Parts I and II of the reportby analyzing the trends, linking the various issuestogether, and determining the common underlyingdriving forces to all of them. The identified issuesand driving forces then inform the recommendationsand conclusions that are covered in the finalpart of this report, in Chapter 10.18 Haiti – Dominican Republic: Environmental challenges in the border zone
2 Haiti and DominicanRepublic country context2.1 IntroductionSimilarities and stark contrastsThis chapter sets out the context for the twocountries, pointing out common features andcritical differences.In short Haiti is classed as a Least DevelopedCountry and a ‘fragile state’ in the UN-World Bankdevelopment index, while Dominican Republicis classed as a middle income country. Thestrongest similarities between the countries arein their geography and climate, as well as theirvulnerability to natural hazards – the Island ofHispaniola lies next to a fault line and in the stormpath of many hurricanes. The most dramaticcontrasts are found in population density, stability,GDP, electrification, forest cover and the numberof protected areas.Table 1 summarizes selected key facts and statisticsfor the two countries, highlighting key differenceswhich are considered to influence the dynamicsbetween the two countries.Table 1. Key facts and statistics for Haiti and the Dominican RepublicParameterHaitiDominicanRepublicCommentsiiGeographySurface Area km² 27,750 48,730 76% differenceRainfall range Min-Mean-Max mm. 6, 7 350-1400-4000 508-1708-2540Average temperature 25.0 Celcius 26.2 CelciusSocietyEthnic composition: (Approximate) Percentage 95% – 5% – 0%. 11% – 73% – 16%Black African – Mixed – Caucasian 8, 9State Languages Creole + French Spanish10, 11Population (2011 estimate)This figure excludes up to 1 million unregisteredHaitian immigrants and workers residing inDominican Republic.10.1 million 10.1 millionPopulation Density 12, 13 362.6/km 2 205.4/km 2 76% differenceBirth rates per 1,000 inhabitants (2010) 14 27 22 22% differenceFertility rates (No. children/woman) (2010) 15 3.3 2.6 26% differencePercentage population under 15 (2011) 16 36% 31% 16% differencePercentage urban population 17 50% 71% 42% differenceDiaspora Dominican Republic: 1 million 18US: 600,000 19 Canada: 100,000 20France: 50,000 21The Bahamas: 80,000 22 1.41 million 23Remittances $1.97 billion (2010)26.6% of GDP$2.91 billion (2010)6% of GDPGovernanceStability – Foreign Policy Failed State Index 2011 24 5/60 84 – not at risk 1st/60 is worstCorruption – Transparency International Corruption 1.8 = 175/182 2.6 = 129/182 1st /182 is bestPerception Index 2011 25Haiti – Dominican Republic: Environmental challenges in the border zone19
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Consultation workshops were held in both the <strong>Dominican</strong> <strong>Republic</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Haiti</strong> with government counterparts,in order to validate the contents of the report.© <strong>UNEP</strong>The assessment uses a range of tools, methods<strong>and</strong> terminology to identify, categorize <strong>and</strong>analyze the wide range of issues noted, <strong>and</strong> todevelop potential solutions. Annex I provides aglossary of key definitions <strong>and</strong> brief descriptionsof the tools <strong>and</strong> methods used in this assessment<strong>and</strong> associated report terminology.Report translationThe findings of the report have significant implicationsfor both countries <strong>and</strong> the draft report hasgone though a bi-national review <strong>and</strong> consultationprocess. In this context, translation accuracy <strong>and</strong>neutrality is very important. However, despite bestefforts, not all words, phrases <strong>and</strong> inflections usedeither in this report <strong>and</strong> in the received feedbackare directly translatable across the 3 languages.For the avoidance of doubt therefore, the Englishversion of the report has been designated asthe master version <strong>and</strong> the French <strong>and</strong> Spanishversions as authorized translations.Chapter road mapFollowing this introductory chapter, Part I of thisassessment also includes chapters 2 <strong>and</strong> 3. Chapter2 provides an overview of both <strong>Haiti</strong>an <strong>and</strong><strong>Dominican</strong> country contexts, providing informationon both countries’ economies, physical attributes,histories, natural hazards, <strong>and</strong> environmentalconditions. Chapter 3 focuses on the borderregion, looking at transboundary issues such astrade, cooperation, <strong>and</strong> migration.Part II of the report (Chapters 4-8) deal with specificthemes, such as agriculture, forestry <strong>and</strong> protectedareas, freshwater resources, marine resources,etc. Within each of these categories, specific keyissues <strong>and</strong> associated livelihoods responses areidentified. Each chapter first gives a brief generaloverview of the theme in question, before individuallypresenting the key issues that were identifiedas part of the assessment process.Part III then concentrates on the analysis of theinformation presented in Parts I <strong>and</strong> II of the reportby analyzing the trends, linking the various issuestogether, <strong>and</strong> determining the common underlyingdriving forces to all of them. The identified issues<strong>and</strong> driving forces then inform the recommendations<strong>and</strong> conclusions that are covered in the finalpart of this report, in Chapter 10.18 <strong>Haiti</strong> <strong>–</strong> <strong>Dominican</strong> <strong>Republic</strong>: Environmental challenges in the border zone
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