Haiti – Dominican Republic - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP

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Part 1 Background[·[·1 Introduction1.1 A challenging time for the borderzoneChallenges and opportunitiesRelations between the neighboring countries of[·Haiti and the Dominican Republic have beenand remain complex. An enormous disparity existbetween them in social, economic, and environmentalwealth. Despite their problems the countriesare major trading partners and political relationsbetween them have improved dramatically since2010, thanks in part to the Dominican Republic’s[·generosity towards the Haitian people following theearthquake [· of that year, and in part because of[·improvements in the political landscape of Haiti.Nowhere are the inequality of the two countries[·[·and the complexity of their relationship more starklyMap 1. The island of HispaniolaIsland of Hispaniola[·!^ CapitalInternational boundaryExclusive EconomicZone (EEZ)Bahamas EEZ[·obvious than along their 380 km border. The areaaround that border presents a long and rapidlylengthening list of challenges, which includes weakgovernance, severe environmental degradation,and a population that is profoundly vulnerable tonatural disasters and food insecurity.These many challenges are in part balancedby positive short term trends and opportunities:trans-boundary trade is substantial, levels ofviolence are relatively low, and there is substantiveformal and informal cooperation between the twogovernments in their efforts to resolve several of theissues listed above.A window of opportunityDuring 2010 and 2011 the Government of Haiti,their immediate regional neighbours and theinternational community, were focused on helpingthe Haitian society to recover from the earthquake[·Turks and Caicos EEZI[·A t l a n t i c O c e a n[·[·Cuban EEZJérémie!P3000 m2000 mPointeÎle dela TortueJean-Rabel!PPort-de-PaixMonte CristiCap Saint-Nicolas!PPuerto PlataCap HaitienBaie de!PMancenille!P [·[·Cabo FrancesViéjoCap à Foux!PBaie deFort-Liberté DajabonMaoHenne Grande!!P!PPointe GonaivesOuanamintheSantiago!P [·Baie de la Tortue !PSabanetaMocaNagua Bahia EscocesaBaie de Grand-Pierre!PPointe de la Grande-PierreLa Vega!PCabo SamanbaPico Duarte!P!PHinche3098 mSalcedoSan Francisco[· !PBahia de!PDe MacorisSamania Samana!PPointe OuestBonaoCotuiElias Pina!P!P[·!San JuanMonte PlataIle de la GonâveBelladère!P!PHato Mayor El SeiboÎles!P !PCayémitesPointe Fantasque Baie de Port-au-PrinceHiguey!P[· JimaniMiragoâne PORT AU[·!^Azua!P!PNeiba[·[·!P!PSan CristobalPRINCE!^!P[· !PSANTOSan Pedro [· La RomanaDe MacorisJacmel!P DOMINGO!P[·!P!P!PBaie de JacmelBarahona Punta BaniLes CayesPunta PalenqueSalinasÎle à VacheCap RaymondAnse-à-Pitres !PPedernalesIsla Saona[·ArtiboniteCaboEngano1000 m0 mCubaJamaicaHaitiHaitian EEZTurks & Caicos Is.Dominican RepublicAnguillaPuerto RicoAntigua &BarbudaGuadeloupeMartiniqueIslaBeataCabo BeataC a r i b b e a n S e aDominican Republic EEZPuerto Rican EEZArubaSt. LuciaGrenadaTrinidad &Tobago0 50 100The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement by the United Nations. UNEP 2013.kmPanama10 Haiti – Dominican Republic: Environmental challenges in the border zone
The differing levels of tree cover on either side of the Haiti-Dominican Republic border in the Artibonite rivercatchment is a highly visible symptom of a complex bi-national deforestation problem.© UNEPof January 12 th , 2010. Now the Haitian Governmentis leveraging this increased international support inan effort to move beyond the most basic recoveryof the areas damaged by the earthquake towardslonger-term reform and development of thecountry as a whole. High on the government’s listof priorities are economic development, the ruleof law, environmental rehabilitation, and energyaccess.Today, this approach is starting to deliver positiveresults. Business in Port-au-Prince is restabilizing,major business investments in the northeast ofHaiti have been announced, and in the SouthernPeninsula longer-term sustainable developmentprogrammes have begun.Haiti and the Dominican Republic, supported bythe international community should consider toactively re-focus on the development challengesalong their shared border. The border zone is not aneconomic growth pole for either country, but it is acritical transport link, and home to several hundredthousand poverty stricken people. Perhaps mostimportantly, it is a significant source of tensionbetween the two countries, and its fate might welldetermine both their futures. If the current situationstabilizes, both countries will continue to develop,but if it declines, then the stability of both countries,and the health of the relationship between them,will be in jeopardy.1.2 Assessment context and designThe border between Haiti and the DominicanRepublic presents a vivid contrast in the wealthand environmental status of two countries. Theborder area has been experiencing long termchronic environmental degradation, which hasreached especially severe levels on the Haitianside of the border. In many areas, this degradationis undermining livelihoods and increasing disastervulnerability, while the large disparities betweenthe two countries have led to illegal transboundaryHaiti – Dominican Republic: Environmental challenges in the border zone11
Page 1: Haiti - Dominican RepublicEnvironme
Page 7 and 8: We congratulate all those who contr
Page 9: countries. These issues include the
Page 16 and 17: A member of the assessment team col
Page 18 and 19: Members of the assessment team inte
Page 20 and 21: Consultation workshops were held in
Page 22 and 23: Table 1. Key facts and statistics f
Page 24 and 25: wandering over depleted fields and
Page 26 and 27: ClimateThe different parts of Hispa
Page 28 and 29: Natural river flow variability due
Page 30 and 31: EarthquakesHispaniola is located on
Page 32: consumption and production culture
Page 36 and 37: Map 6. The northern coast and the M
Page 39 and 40: Map 8. The area surrounding the lak
Page 41 and 42: although it is estimated to be much
Page 43 and 44: Figure 3. Seasonality of food insec
Page 45 and 46: e sold for a profit on the other si
Page 47 and 48: viCase study 2. Comité Intermunici
Page 49 and 50: Part 2 Identification andAnalysis o
Page 51 and 52: and local issues. These include, fo
Page 53: Lacking productive topsoil this lan
Page 56 and 57: 5 Forest resources andterrestrial p
Page 58 and 59: Satellite image 3. In the Massacre
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un the risk of being either impriso
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eing transported from the Dominican
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5.5 Collection of fuel woodFuel woo
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!^5.6 Protected area management and
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locations is contrasted with a degr
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Enough is known, however, to be cer
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plantations that the habitat will n
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Satellite image 6. Just before reac
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interventions if well designed do w
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contaminated rivers are disease vec
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crust substantial enough to be the
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7 Coastal and marineresources7.1 In
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tuna, sea bream, yellowtail, hake,
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Mangroves are being cut to be sold
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Case study 6. Cooperation between f
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private sector better informed. Cus
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carrying money, and missing their d
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etween these two cordilleras), but
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Mineral exploration is starting in
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assessment team are all small scale
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Extreme poverty is a key driving fo
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it is present. The Haitian populati
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Atlantic storms will double in the
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A charcoal kiln burning inside the
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Table 5. Summary of the key recomme
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Ten recommendations are provided un
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oth environmentally damaging and li
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Improving cooperation and governanc
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f. Create and formalize fishing agr
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g. In the long term, aim for variou
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Haiti - Dominican Republic: Environ
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Annex I - Report terminologyArgumen
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Annex II - List of Acronyms and Abb
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Annex IV - Table connecting thereco
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23. United States Census Bureau. (2
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73. UN Development Programme - Haï
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117. Urban Design Lab, Columbia Uni
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161. Miniel, L. (2012, 20 April). I
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204. Peralta, C. (2012, 18 April).
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246. González Sánchez, F.F. (2012
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290. Laboratoire des Relations Hait
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Annex VI - AcknowledgementsContribu
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Claude PhanorMartin RapillyAdelita
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José Cristino CastilloRobert Crowl
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www.unep.org/disastersandconflicts
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Haiti – Dominican Republic - Disasters and Conflicts - UNEP

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