Quasilinear parabolic problems with nonlinear boundary conditions

Quasilinear parabolic problems with nonlinear boundary conditions Quasilinear parabolic problems with nonlinear boundary conditions

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Note that φp only depends upon the data and the selected extension operator. We now set p0 := γp − γφp. (5.29) Then clearly, γp can be determined immediately as soon as p0 is known, and vice versa. Putting p1 := φp| n+1 R ∈ Z−1 := H + δa p (J; H−1 p (R n+1 + ))∩Lp(J; H1 p(R n+1 + )), it further follows from the construction of φp that (5.23) is equivalent to the identity By the mixed derivative theorem, we have Notice also that Consequently p = e −Gy p0 + p1. (5.30) Z−1 ↩→ H δa 2 p (J; Lp(R n+1 + )) ∩ Lp(J; H 1 p(R n+1 + )). e −Gy p0 ∈ 0H δa 2 p (J; Lp(R n+1 + )) ∩ Lp(J; H 1 p(R n+1 + )) δa (1− 2 ⇐⇒ p0 ∈ 0Y := 0B 1 p ) pp (J; Lp(R n )) ∩ Lp(J; B 1 1− p pp (Rn )). p0 ∈ 0Y ⇒ p ∈ H δa 2 p (J; Lp(R n+1 + )) ∩ Lp(J; H 1 p(R n+1 + )). According to Theorem 3.5.2, this regularity of p suffices to obtain (v, w) ∈ Z when (5.21) is solved for this pair of functions. In fact, let � � � � � v v0 fv − (db + u = , u0 = , f = w w0 1 3da) ∗ ∇xp fw − (db + 1 � , 3da) ∗ ∂yp � � � � A(1 ∗ gv) 0 −∇x h = , D = . γp −∇x· 0 Then system (5.21) is equivalent to the following problem for u. Setting ⎧ ⎨ ⎩ ∂tu − da ∗ ∆xu − da ∗ ∂ 2 yu = f, t ∈ J, x ∈ R n , y > 0 −γ∂yu + γDu = h, t ∈ J, x ∈ R n � fv − (db + f1 = 1 3da) ∗ ∇xp1 da) ∗ ∂yp1 fw − (db + 1 3 as well as � 1 −A(b + fp = 3a) ∗ ∇xe−Gyp0 A(b + 1 3a) ∗ Ge−Gyp0 the solution u can be written as where u1 is defined by means of ⎧ ⎨ ⎩ u|t=0 = u0, x ∈ R n , y > 0. � � A(1 ∗ gv) , h1 = γp1 � � 0 , hp = p0 � , � , (5.31) u = u1 + up, (5.32) ∂tu1 − da ∗ ∆xu1 − da ∗ ∂ 2 yu1 = f1, t ∈ J, x ∈ R n , y > 0 −γ∂yu1 + γDu1 = h1, t ∈ J, x ∈ R n u1|t=0 = u0, x ∈ R n , y > 0, 86 (5.33)

and up solves � Aup − ∆xup − ∂ 2 yup = fp, t ∈ J, x ∈ R n , y > 0 −γ∂yup + γDup = hp, t ∈ J, x ∈ R n . (5.34) Observe that u1 is determined by the data and does not depend on p0. Note further that the compatibility condition is satisfied in either case. Theorem 3.5.2 yields u1 ∈ Z. To summarize we see that step 2 shows the equivalence as well as the implication (5.21), (5.23) ⇔ (5.30), (5.32), (5.34), (5.35) p0 ∈ 0Y ⇒ (v, w) ∈ Z. (5.36) Step 3. We will now employ condition (5.22), together with (5.32),(5.34), to derive a formula for p0. To begin with, the function up can be written in the form up(y)=e −F y (F + D) −1 hp + 1 −1 F 2 (cp. Prüss [65, p. 6]), which implies � ∞ γup = (F + D) −1 hp + (F + D) −1 0 [e −F |y−s| + (F − D)(F + D) −1 e −F (y+s) ]fp(s) ds � ∞ A short computation using the Fourier transform shows that (F + D) −1 � F + ((∇x∇x·) + Dn)F = −1 ∇x· ∇x F � so we obtain and furthermore γvp = ∇xF −2 1 p0 − F F −2 1 +∇xF −2 1 γ∇x · vp = ∆xF −2 � ∞ 0 � ∞ 1 p0 − ∆xF F −2 1 +∆xF −2 1 1 A(b + 1 p0 − ∆xF −2 1 = ∆xF −2 On the one hand, we now have 0 0 e −F s fp(s) ds. F −2 1 , F1 := (A + 2Dn) 1 2 , e −F s A(b + 1 3 a) ∗ ∇xe −Gs p0 ds+ e −F s A(b + 1 3 a) ∗ Ge−Gs p0 ds, 1 A(b + 3a) ∗ (F + G)−1p0+ 3a) ∗ G(F + G)−1p0 1 A(b + 3a) ∗ (F − G)(F + G)−1p0. (5.37) −γ∂yw = −γ∂ywp − γ∂yw1 = γ∇x · vp + p0 − γ∂yw1. (5.38) On the other hand, it follows from (5.22) that −γ∂yw = 1 = 1 2A(1 ∗ gw) − 1 2 2A(b − 3a) ∗ γp 2A(1 ∗ gw) − 1 2 2A(b − 3a) ∗ γp1 − 1 2 2A(b − 3a) ∗ p0. (5.39) 87

and up solves<br />

� Aup − ∆xup − ∂ 2 yup = fp, t ∈ J, x ∈ R n , y > 0<br />

−γ∂yup + γDup = hp, t ∈ J, x ∈ R n .<br />

(5.34)<br />

Observe that u1 is determined by the data and does not depend on p0. Note further<br />

that the compatibility condition is satisfied in either case. Theorem 3.5.2 yields u1 ∈ Z.<br />

To summarize we see that step 2 shows the equivalence<br />

as well as the implication<br />

(5.21), (5.23) ⇔ (5.30), (5.32), (5.34), (5.35)<br />

p0 ∈ 0Y ⇒ (v, w) ∈ Z. (5.36)<br />

Step 3. We will now employ condition (5.22), together <strong>with</strong> (5.32),(5.34), to derive a<br />

formula for p0.<br />

To begin <strong>with</strong>, the function up can be written in the form<br />

up(y)=e −F y (F + D) −1 hp + 1 −1<br />

F<br />

2<br />

(cp. Prüss [65, p. 6]), which implies<br />

� ∞<br />

γup = (F + D) −1 hp + (F + D) −1<br />

0<br />

[e −F |y−s| + (F − D)(F + D) −1 e −F (y+s) ]fp(s) ds<br />

� ∞<br />

A short computation using the Fourier transform shows that<br />

(F + D) −1 �<br />

F + ((∇x∇x·) + Dn)F<br />

=<br />

−1 ∇x·<br />

∇x<br />

F<br />

�<br />

so we obtain<br />

and furthermore<br />

γvp = ∇xF −2<br />

1 p0 − F F −2<br />

1<br />

+∇xF −2<br />

1<br />

γ∇x · vp = ∆xF −2<br />

� ∞<br />

0<br />

� ∞<br />

1 p0 − ∆xF F −2<br />

1<br />

+∆xF −2 1<br />

1 A(b +<br />

1 p0 − ∆xF −2<br />

1<br />

= ∆xF −2<br />

On the one hand, we now have<br />

0<br />

0<br />

e −F s fp(s) ds.<br />

F −2<br />

1 , F1 := (A + 2Dn) 1<br />

2 ,<br />

e −F s A(b + 1<br />

3 a) ∗ ∇xe −Gs p0 ds+<br />

e −F s A(b + 1<br />

3 a) ∗ Ge−Gs p0 ds,<br />

1 A(b + 3a) ∗ (F + G)−1p0+ 3a) ∗ G(F + G)−1p0 1 A(b + 3a) ∗ (F − G)(F + G)−1p0. (5.37)<br />

−γ∂yw = −γ∂ywp − γ∂yw1 = γ∇x · vp + p0 − γ∂yw1. (5.38)<br />

On the other hand, it follows from (5.22) that<br />

−γ∂yw = 1<br />

= 1<br />

2A(1 ∗ gw) − 1 2<br />

2A(b − 3a) ∗ γp<br />

2A(1 ∗ gw) − 1 2<br />

2A(b − 3a) ∗ γp1 − 1 2<br />

2A(b − 3a) ∗ p0. (5.39)<br />

87

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