Forage Production Technology for Arable Lands - Indian Grassland ...

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Table 21. Forage crops and their varieties suitable for calcareous soilCropsSorghumPearl milletNapier bajra hybridTeosinteLablab beanOatsGrasses (Cenchrus ciliaris, Panicum antidotale, Dichanthium annulatum,Heteoropogon contortus, Penisetum pedicellatum, Stylosanthes hamata,Macroptilium atropurpurium, Clitoria ternatea, Cenchrus setigerus,Lasiurus sindicus, Saccharum munja and Sehima nervosum)VarietiesPC-6, HC-136L-72, RajkoIGFRI-6, IGFRI-7TL-16JLP-4OL-125All varieties /selectionsBrief package of practice: In calcareous soil except nutrient management otherpackages of practices recommended for normal soil conditions can be adopted in theseconditions.Select the suitable crops and their varieties. Crops and varieties suitable forcalcareous soil have been given in table -21.Apply the nutrients as per the dose recommended for the crops.Integration of organic manures with chemical fertilizer in 50:50 ratio to meet out thenitrogen requirement of the crop/cropping systems helps in mitigating the ill effect ofexcess carbonates in soil.In calcareous soils crop often suffers sulphur deficiency, application of 50 kg S/ha isrecommended for maize, Napier bajra hybrid, Guinea grass and Setaria for higherbiomass production and quality improvement.Apply the micronutrients like Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe depending upon the soil testrecommendation to manage the lime induced micronutrients deficiency limiting theproductivity of the crops.Output and economics: The oat variety OL-125 produces higher biomass and net profitin comparison to OL-189 and, Kent grown in calcareous soil. In light textured calcareoussoil, the deficiency of Mn causes poor growth of oats, application of 10 kg /ha Mn hasshown potential for 8.7- 44.3% increase in the forage yield. The application of sulphur @50 kg/ha is beneficial for improvement in forage yield of maize, Napier bajra hybrid,guinea grass and Setaria.Specific benefits : Increased availability of quality forage for sustained livelihood inlow productive areas, selection of tolerant crops ensures efficient utilization of naturalForage Production Technology for Arable Lands39
esource, adoption of suitable management improves overall productivity and increasednutrient use efficiency.Constraints in adoption: In many farming situations forage crops receives less priority,hidden hunger of the micronutrients does not allow the realization of the full potential ofbiomass production in calcareous soils. Micronutrient application to manage it furtherincreases the dependence of farmers on external input. This may limit the adoption of thistechnology.Scope for commercialisation: Calcareous soils are distributed throughout the country.Integration of organic manures in nutrient management helps in amelioration of suchsoils. Hence, livestock based mixed farming in such areas provide opportunity foramelioration of soil resources with income generation at farm. Ensured profitability dueto resource flow from both the farm enterprise provides unique opportunity forcommercialization of the forage crops in these niches.4.4. Forage production in waterlogged soilWaterlogged soils are defined as an area where water stagnates on the land surface or thewater table rises to an extent that soil pores in the crop root zone becomes saturated,resulting in restrictions in normalcirculation of air, decline in the levelof oxygen and increase in level ofcarbon di oxide (Central Water andPower Commission, India). Thecontinuous availability of excesswater in root zone causes pooraeration, which in turn results intopoor growth and nutrient uptake. Thenitrification process is found to below. Such lands are not remunerativefor food/cash crop production but could be used for forage production.Adaptation area: About 8.53 million ha of cultivated land suffers on account of variedlevel of water logging. Severely waterlogged saline soils occur in Haryana, Punjab,Rajasthan and Gujarat. Water logging adversely affects the crop production in indogangeticplains of North India. Some waterlogged areas also exist in Bihar, Kerala, TamilNadu, West Bengal, Assam and Uttar Pradesh. Areas along the major irrigation canal arealso waterlogged for substantial period.Components/input requirements: In such soil conditions crop production isconstrained by poor drainage condition causing temporary or prolonged anoxiccondition. Provision of suitable drainage and bunding can prevent water logging to some40 Forage Production Technology for Arable Lands
Page 1: ICAR
Page 6: PREFACEAvailability of quality feed
Page 10: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTWe express our deep
Page 13 and 14: 2. FORAGE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN IRR
Page 15 and 16: Table 2. Intensive forage crop rota
Page 17 and 18: apebroadcast inmuddedfieldduringAut
Page 19 and 20: IV. Sorghum (multi cut) + Cowpea -
Page 21 and 22: system but also improves the fertil
Page 23 and 24: (3+1)Pure Wheat - 4.4 - - - -Millet
Page 25 and 26: VijayTopdressing: 30kg N/ha 30DASWh
Page 27 and 28: any effort of producing good qualit
Page 29 and 30: after the harvesting of fodder crop
Page 31 and 32: DesmanthesDesmanthescrops50 kg/ha a
Page 33 and 34: Table 10: Package of practice of ro
Page 35 and 36: BL-1, 2 androws apart inone deepKoh
Page 37 and 38: Table 12. Brief package of practice
Page 39 and 40: 4. FORAGE PRODUCTION IN PROBLEM SOI
Page 41 and 42: Table 13. Effect of Gypsum on herba
Page 43 and 44: Sodic soilsFollowing steps are invo
Page 45 and 46: system in these problematic soils g
Page 47 and 48: Select the suitable crops and varie
Page 49: 4.3. Forage production in calcareou
Page 53 and 54: ManagementLeveling of land in many
Page 55 and 56: 10, NB-21/spacing of 50-cropSubsequ
Page 57 and 58: Rice bean:K-1 & 16II. Rice fallowsL
Page 59 and 60: Purple Topandsubsequentirrigation a
Page 61: NOTES..............................

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