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LUMADNONG PAGKINABUHI NGADTO SA KALINAWKumander Jabbar led the Higaunon resistance until his death in 1992.War” (Gatuslao: 1988) as cited by Paredes (1997:192). Thisresistance lasted over two decades until the death of itsfamous leader, Kumander Jabbar, in 1992, a nephew of TatayMalindahay.Several stories emerged to explain how the war started.Paredes (1997:193-194), citing Gatuslao (1988), said that itall started as a pangayaw when a logging company allegedlyassassinated several Higaunon datus, among them DatuMankalasi Mandahinog. The datus were reportedly killedbecause they refused access to the timber-rich ancestral landbordering Misamis Oriental and Agusan del Sur provinces.A similar version was a report by an informant of Paredes76
Part 2 - Four Datus: Stories of the Higaunon Life(1997:194) who disclosed that Mankalasi was killed by thegovernment for the benefit of a logging company. Mankalasidrew the ire of the government and the logging company,as reported by Paredes and Gatuslao: “He would surrenderhis ancestral land to them if the company could guarantee ameans to feed, clothe and support his family for seven futuregenerations, because this is the equivalent of what he wouldlose if the company took the forest and the government tookthe land.”According to Tatay Malindahay, Mankalasi was invited bya certain Kosni, a fellow Higaunon who is barangay captainof Kagunitan, an adjacent barangay of Nasipit, Agusan delNorte, for a drinking spree. Tatay Malindahay added thatduring that drinking session, “They had a military contact andthere he was shot.” Why Mankalasi was killed by an allegedmilitary operative was not clear.Tatay Malindahay recalls: “There were false storiescirculating around that said he did not allow the operationof ALCO, and also the entry of rattan buyers. This was nottrue. In fact, he had an agreement with Mr. Pineda, one of theranking officials of ALCO. But he was falsely accused. So aftermy uncle was killed, we attacked ALCO. Immediately after,ALCO stopped its operation.”ALCO’s machineries were burned during the Higaunons’retaliation. Tatay Malindahay had even joined the group inone of their raids. Mankalasi’s son Kalasi, the father of Jabbar,declared a pangayaw. In Aniscal’s (1994) account as cited byParedes (1997:194), this situation was allegedly the consequenceof the government’s failure to attend to the various complaintson the atrocities committed by the logging company. Kalasithen formed the Pulang Bagani (Red Warriors) to “exactrevenge and to protect the ancestral land from being takenby the company (Ibid.).” Tatay Malindahay revealed that hisnephew, Kumander Jabbar, joined that band of armed groups77
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This book is dedicated to all the L
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Table of ContentsPrefaceiiiPART ONE
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PrefaceWe commend Resource Center f
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Part 1 - IntroductionsPart OneIntro
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