NEWSfrom All Quarters of the "World - ericssonhistory.com
NEWSfrom All Quarters of the "World - ericssonhistory.com NEWSfrom All Quarters of the "World - ericssonhistory.com
Each machine was allotted a form on which the operators recorded daily thenecessary data such as job No.—operator No.—the time from start to finishof the operation performed, etc. Once a month these data were transferred topunched cards, from which summaries for analysis were produced by automaticmachine processes. Analysing these statistics soon revealed certain differenciesin the manual records. The operators either forgot to make recordsor made them up afterwards from memory. The impression gained was that therecords had been adjusted, even if unintentionally- As a result of checking andsupervision, improvements occurred periodically, but after a time the initialweaknesses again became apparent.Another important disadvantage of these statistics was that no time factorsexisted for re-running, machine fault, repairs, etc.The Punched Card Department tried, therefore, to discover a means ofobtaining the required information more rapidly and with greater certainty.Fig. 2Centralograph recorderX 2517In our opinion the Centralograph system has proved to be the solution to ourproblems. The system, installed by L M Ericsson in the autumn of 1958, consistsof1. Centralograph recorder2. Dials3. Relay set4. Impulse transmitter5. Power unitThe power unit, impulse transmitter, and relay set need not be discussedfurther in this connection. The all-important component is the recording instrument—theCentralograph itself, fig. 2.This has 20 units which print short lines and digits on a continuouslymoving paper strip (the Centralogram). The principle of recording is the sameas for a typewriter. The Centralogram is fed at a speed of 60 mm/h and isdivided into 20 vertical columns (channels).Ten machines are connected to each Centralograph via a network. Whencards are being processed in the connected machine, electrical impulses aretransmitted to the Centralograph recorder, which prints short lines on thediagram paper. Since the lines are printed under one another, the result formsa continuous vertical column, the length of which corresponds to the runningtime of the machine.Digits are recorded on the Centralogram when the machine operator dials acode number, fig. 3. With single-digit code numbers, 20 machines can beconnected to one Centralograph. Esso uses a two-digit code, however, so that2 channels are necessary for each machine, resulting in 10 machines perCentralograph.When processing starts and card feeding begins, the operator dials 2 digitscorresponding to the job code, e.g., 56 = tabulating and summary-punchingfor billina.Fig. 3Report dial128When the job is completed, the operator dials a single code digit, e.g. 8,followed by the operator's number, e.g., 5 = 85, which then indicates that theprocessing is completed or that there is normal stoppage.
Main GroupeiCODES FOR CENTRALOGRAPHGeneral Accounting 01 _ ]*Wholesale Accounta Receivable 15 _ 19Salea Records 20 - 44Stock Records 4= _ c.Retail Credit Accounting 55 _ 59Salaries go - 69Other Procedures 70 - 74Iliac. Operation Codea 75 - 76Engineer's Codea77 _ 79, QQOperator's Codes QO _ 99Misc. Operation Codea: Engineer's Codes:75 Error Checking 77 Repair of Machine76 Re-running 78 Inapectlon79 Machine Repaired, Ready, reap.00 Operator's ErrorInstru;tions for Operation Codea:1) Record Job No.2) Begin Job5) After about 5 min., recordthe current operation code.A 5 v^ • pause is necessaryon account of the Centralograph'a paper feeding.Operator'sCodes:0 51 62 73 84 9This operator's code, indicated in the example by X, ie to becombined with codes 8 or 9 as below:8X Normal Stoppage9X Stoppage on account of Machine FaultThe operator's code ie to be recorded when a proceaa ia com' 1 -*-ed.Codes for the Different JobsTheae codes shall bo recorded when a process iaGeneralAccountingCode Frequenoy Descriptionstarted01 Zero Balancing02 Diet, by AccountOJ Trial Balance04 Balanoe Sheet05 Purchases and Sales Ledger - Product Turnover Ledger06 Ledger for Misc. Accounts07 Marketing Expenses Ledger08 Summary of Marketing Expenses (Exh. 800)0910 K Exh. 602 - Expenses - Spec, of Transportation Coats111213 A Statistics of Travel Kxpenaee14 Misc. JobaWholesale AccountsReceivable15 Prod. Invoice Summary Carda16 Remittance Liate17 Aged Trial Balance1819 Misc. JobaSalesRecordB20 Zero Balancing by Sales Report/Check Liat- Gang Punching of Maater Data- Rep. of Sales Detail Cards - Sales"- Balancing of Sapa's Sales21 Pre-sorting for 650 - Procedure No. 122 Sales Entry Journal- Hist, of Trans, and Compensation- Spec, of Sapa's Wholesale Turnover- Spec, of Sales to Easo's Customers- Spec, of Easo's Sales of Lubricants23 Energy Tax - Summary and Lists24 E Energy Tax - Lists25 Sales Summary - SLH26 Sorting Input-cards after 65O Procedure No. 127 Sales Summary - £xh. 10028 Sales Statistics by District29 Salea Statistics by Salesman and Ire-duct Croup30 Customer Records - D531 " - IS32 - C333 - EK34 " - 3APA35 - Petrochemicals/Asphalt36 Sales by Product Code and Package Code37 Sales of Fuel Oils39 Package Balancing39 Sales by Concern40 A Sales by Concern41 A Sales by Custooer Code424344 Misc. Jobs2.Stock Records 7Code Frequency Description45 Zero Balancing by Transaction- Rep. Cards for Incoming T.-Tickets- Rep. Carda for Incoming Blendinga- Producing Package Cards46 Monthly Basic Repcrta- Blending Report- Summary of Own Consumption- Accumulated Differences- Inventory Report- Insured Stock.47 Stock Records by Company- Check List by Transaction48 Stock Record by Bulk Plant- Checking against Stock Records by Company49 Stock and Transport Differences50 K Stock and Transport Differences51 A Spec, of Product Name/Spec, of Product Stockby Product Code525354 Misc. JobsRetail CreditAccounting55 Zero Balancing56 Tabulating and Summary-punching for Billing57 Billing58 Balance Liate, Remittance Lists, Dunning Letters59 Misc. JobaSalaries60 Pre-Jobs and Absence Statistics61 Overtime Statistics62 Check Procedure63 Cost Diet. Procedure64 T Tax Procedure65 A Check Liat for Tax Authorities66 A Changes and Prep, of Master Files676869 Misc. JobsRemaining JobsCode Frequency Description70 K Delivery Distribution Exh. 800 and 60271 K HLK - Report of Lubricants72 A Av. Bulk Deliveries7374RemarksUnder the heading "Frequency" K refers to Quarterly ProcedureWhere no code is given, Monthly Procedure isExample of th* Recording of CodeaThe machine in the example is a1) Insert box and record job No.T " " Tertial ProcedureA " " Annual Proceduretabulator.intended.2) Set up the machine for running and run a test card.3) Start the processing.4) For fault checking or re-running, codes 75 or 76 shall be recordedafter an interval of about 5 min.5) If the processing has to be interrupted on account of machine faultthe operator's code shall be recorded combined with figure 9.6) If the processing has to be interrupted for reeBons other thanmachine fault, or if the processing is completed, the operator'scode ia to be recorded combined with figure 8.4.Fig. 4Codes for Swedish Esso's Centralographsystemx 7799129
- Page 3 and 4: ERICSSON REVIEWVol. XXXVII No. 4 19
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- Page 35 and 36: NEWS fromAll Quarters of the "World
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- Page 39 and 40: UDC 621.395(047.1)LME 82, 83, 84JAC
Main GroupeiCODES FOR CENTRALOGRAPHGeneral Accounting 01 _ ]*Wholesale Accounta Receivable 15 _ 19Salea Records 20 - 44Stock Records 4= _ c.Retail Credit Accounting 55 _ 59Salaries go - 69O<strong>the</strong>r Procedures 70 - 74Iliac. Operation Codea 75 - 76Engineer's Codea77 _ 79, QQOperator's Codes QO _ 99Misc. Operation Codea: Engineer's Codes:75 Error Checking 77 Repair <strong>of</strong> Machine76 Re-running 78 Inapectlon79 Machine Repaired, Ready, reap.00 Operator's ErrorInstru;tions for Operation Codea:1) Record Job No.2) Begin Job5) After about 5 min., record<strong>the</strong> current operation code.A 5 v^ • pause is necessaryon account <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Centralograph'a paper feeding.Operator'sCodes:0 51 62 73 84 9This operator's code, indicated in <strong>the</strong> example by X, ie to be<strong>com</strong>bined with codes 8 or 9 as below:8X Normal Stoppage9X Stoppage on account <strong>of</strong> Machine FaultThe operator's code ie to be recorded when a proceaa ia <strong>com</strong>' 1 -*-ed.Codes for <strong>the</strong> Different JobsTheae codes shall bo recorded when a process iaGeneralAccountingCode Frequenoy Descriptionstarted01 Zero Balancing02 Diet, by AccountOJ Trial Balance04 Balanoe Sheet05 Purchases and Sales Ledger - Product Turnover Ledger06 Ledger for Misc. Accounts07 Marketing Expenses Ledger08 Summary <strong>of</strong> Marketing Expenses (Exh. 800)0910 K Exh. 602 - Expenses - Spec, <strong>of</strong> Transportation Coats111213 A Statistics <strong>of</strong> Travel Kxpenaee14 Misc. JobaWholesale AccountsReceivable15 Prod. Invoice Summary Carda16 Remittance Liate17 Aged Trial Balance1819 Misc. JobaSalesRecordB20 Zero Balancing by Sales Report/Check Liat- Gang Punching <strong>of</strong> Maater Data- Rep. <strong>of</strong> Sales Detail Cards - Sales"- Balancing <strong>of</strong> Sapa's Sales21 Pre-sorting for 650 - Procedure No. 122 Sales Entry Journal- Hist, <strong>of</strong> Trans, and Compensation- Spec, <strong>of</strong> Sapa's Wholesale Turnover- Spec, <strong>of</strong> Sales to Easo's Customers- Spec, <strong>of</strong> Easo's Sales <strong>of</strong> Lubricants23 Energy Tax - Summary and Lists24 E Energy Tax - Lists25 Sales Summary - SLH26 Sorting Input-cards after 65O Procedure No. 127 Sales Summary - £xh. 10028 Sales Statistics by District29 Salea Statistics by Salesman and Ire-duct Croup30 Customer Records - D531 " - IS32 - C333 - EK34 " - 3APA35 - Petrochemicals/Asphalt36 Sales by Product Code and Package Code37 Sales <strong>of</strong> Fuel Oils39 Package Balancing39 Sales by Concern40 A Sales by Concern41 A Sales by Custooer Code424344 Misc. Jobs2.Stock Records 7Code Frequency Description45 Zero Balancing by Transaction- Rep. Cards for In<strong>com</strong>ing T.-Tickets- Rep. Carda for In<strong>com</strong>ing Blendinga- Producing Package Cards46 Monthly Basic Repcrta- Blending Report- Summary <strong>of</strong> Own Consumption- Accumulated Differences- Inventory Report- Insured Stock.47 Stock Records by Company- Check List by Transaction48 Stock Record by Bulk Plant- Checking against Stock Records by Company49 Stock and Transport Differences50 K Stock and Transport Differences51 A Spec, <strong>of</strong> Product Name/Spec, <strong>of</strong> Product Stockby Product Code525354 Misc. JobsRetail CreditAccounting55 Zero Balancing56 Tabulating and Summary-punching for Billing57 Billing58 Balance Liate, Remittance Lists, Dunning Letters59 Misc. JobaSalaries60 Pre-Jobs and Absence Statistics61 Overtime Statistics62 Check Procedure63 Cost Diet. Procedure64 T Tax Procedure65 A Check Liat for Tax Authorities66 A Changes and Prep, <strong>of</strong> Master Files676869 Misc. JobsRemaining JobsCode Frequency Description70 K Delivery Distribution Exh. 800 and 60271 K HLK - Report <strong>of</strong> Lubricants72 A Av. Bulk Deliveries7374RemarksUnder <strong>the</strong> heading "Frequency" K refers to Quarterly ProcedureWhere no code is given, Monthly Procedure isExample <strong>of</strong> th* Recording <strong>of</strong> CodeaThe machine in <strong>the</strong> example is a1) Insert box and record job No.T " " Tertial ProcedureA " " Annual Proceduretabulator.intended.2) Set up <strong>the</strong> machine for running and run a test card.3) Start <strong>the</strong> processing.4) For fault checking or re-running, codes 75 or 76 shall be recordedafter an interval <strong>of</strong> about 5 min.5) If <strong>the</strong> processing has to be interrupted on account <strong>of</strong> machine fault<strong>the</strong> operator's code shall be recorded <strong>com</strong>bined with figure 9.6) If <strong>the</strong> processing has to be interrupted for reeBons o<strong>the</strong>r thanmachine fault, or if <strong>the</strong> processing is <strong>com</strong>pleted, <strong>the</strong> operator'scode ia to be recorded <strong>com</strong>bined with figure 8.4.Fig. 4Codes for Swedish Esso's Centralographsystemx 7799129
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