16implemented. In University <strong>of</strong> Delhi vs. Raj Singh: (1994 Suppl (3) SCC516), the Supreme Court held that qualifications for the teaching staff couldalso be prescribed by Regulations <strong>of</strong> the UGC and the said Regulationswould override any other legislation, even if made by Parliament, such asthe Delhi University Act, 1922. <strong>The</strong> Court observed, while dealing withthe UGC Act, as follows:“<strong>The</strong>se are very wide ranging powers. Such powers, in our view,would comprehend the power to require those who possess theeducational qualifications required for holding the post <strong>of</strong> lecturer inUniversities and colleges to appear for a written test…”“<strong>The</strong>se (powers) include the power to recommend to a University themeasures necessary for the improvement <strong>of</strong> University education andto advise in respect <strong>of</strong> the action to be taken for the purpose <strong>of</strong>implementing such recommendations (clause (d)). <strong>The</strong> UGC is alsoinvested with the power to perform such other functions as may beprescribed or as may be deemed necessary by it for advancing thecause <strong>of</strong> higher education in <strong>India</strong> or as may be incidental orconducive to the discharge <strong>of</strong> such functions (clause (j)). <strong>The</strong>se twoclauses are also wide enough to empower the UGC to frame the saidRegulations.”Thus, regulations made by the UGC could override any other statute madeby Parliament. <strong>The</strong> recent decision <strong>of</strong> the Supreme Court in PreetiSrivastava vs. State <strong>of</strong> MP 1999(7) SCC 120, in relation to medicaleducation, is <strong>of</strong> great relevance in as much as the Court was there
17considering the provisions <strong>of</strong> another statute like the UGC Act, passed byParliament under the same Entry 66, List I <strong>of</strong> the VII Schedule, namely, the<strong>India</strong>n Medical Council Act, 1956, which specifically deals with“standards” <strong>of</strong> medical education. <strong>The</strong> Preamble to that Act also states(like the Preamble to the UGC Act, 1956) that the Act is intended, amongother things, to provide for the prescription <strong>of</strong> standards <strong>of</strong> post graduatemedical education. Section 20 <strong>of</strong> the Medical Council Act, 1956 deals withthe constitution <strong>of</strong> the P.G. Medical <strong>Education</strong> Committee to assist theMedical Council in matters concerning P.G. Medical education and it statesthat in case there is difference between the Medical Council and the P.G.Medical <strong>Education</strong> Committee, the Medical Council “shall forward themtogether with its observations, to the Central Government for decision.”Once Regulations are made by the Medical Council on the basis <strong>of</strong> therecommendations <strong>of</strong> the P.G. Medical <strong>Education</strong> Committee, they wouldbe binding on the State Governments. <strong>The</strong> Regulations are not to betreated as merely recommendatory. Standards <strong>of</strong> education under Entry 66,List I include calibre <strong>of</strong> teaching staff, proper syllabus, student-teacherratio, calibre <strong>of</strong> students admitted to the institution, equipment and labfacilities, adequate accommodation for the college, the standards <strong>of</strong>examination, including the manner in which the papers are set andexamined.2.3 From the above decisions <strong>of</strong> the Supreme Court, the scope and effect<strong>of</strong> a law made under Entry 66 <strong>of</strong> List I dealing with ‘standards <strong>of</strong>education’ is quite clear. <strong>The</strong> law, be it the UGC Act, 1956 or the MedicalCouncil Act, 1956 (in so far as the latter authorized the laying down <strong>of</strong>standards <strong>of</strong> PG Medical <strong>Education</strong>), and laws made under the said entry
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67Procedure, even though they have
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69Chapter VIIAdjunct Teachers from
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71“And there is no need to fit sq
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73“The adjunct teachers teach the
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75High Court or Supreme Court or be
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77students who will go to the Bar o
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79Inspections:8.4 As per section 7(
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81India, when it wields powers, is
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83one where the college is proposed
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85(The existing section 7A should b
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89(vii) The following clause be add
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919.3 Whatever be the percentage of
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939.10 Prof. Myron Moskovitz of the
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95malpractices. We are only referri
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97get acquainted with several pract
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99Chapter XEducation on Legal Educa
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10110.3 Several of the above Commit
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103colleges located in cities and d
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105Chapter XIDerecognition of Unive
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107Chapter XIITraining and Apprenti
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109The court held that once the rel
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111include problem method, moot cou
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114advocates as well as the requisi
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116senior counsel in these big citi
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11812.17 There is a strong view tha
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120graduates are proposed to be rec
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122Chapter XIIIDisqualification of
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12413.4 Therefore, we are of the em
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1264) Clause (b) of subsection (2)
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128Advocates Act, 1961 for providin
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130prescribe higher standards.(para
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132be amended.Consequently, section
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13430) Section 7(1) (i) to be amend